• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to know the possibility of in vitro propagation of Stevia through axillary bud culture and the results indicated that: (1) Addition of NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) alone on Murashige-Skoog basal medium promoted shoot differentiation and growth rate. And also additional of kinetin of 0.5-1.0 mg/1 alone showed the same trend as that of NAA: (2) Addition of both NAA (0.01-0.05 mg/l) and kinetin (0.5-1.0mg/l) to MS medium promoted better shoot formation. (3) Shoot differentiation and growth were better on the full salt strength of MS medium (1X MS) than that of half strength ( $\frac{1}{2}$MS), while their effects were reversed for root differentiation

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.253-260
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• 2012

On the basis of the reported agriculturally valuable phenotypes resulted from ectopic overexpression of Arabidopsis vacuolar $H^+$-PPase (AVP1), we generated the Chinese cabbage lines expressing AVP1 which then subjected to salt stress to determine the AVP1 expression if it consistently confers the capability for increasing biomass and enhancing tolerance to salinity in other species. Collectively, here we demonstrate that the transgenic young plants show more vigorous growth and higher tolerance to salt stress than wild-type ones. Increased biomass phenotype by AVP1 expression was supported by comparing fresh and dry weights of transgenic and wild type plants grown under normal condition, while higher salt tolerance trait was confirmed by tracing the kinetics of photosystem II quantum yield and DAB-staining under gradually intensified salt stress induced by MS salt or NaCl, followed by normal condition.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.520-528
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluated a phthalate, heavy metal contents and physicochemical quality properties in korean mudflat solar salt and foreign salts. DEHP in mudflat solar salt (MSS) was detected a low level (9.00~669.89 ppb), but it was shown a high level excess to 1.5 ppm criteria in the foreign solar salt (FSS) 5 type (3,440.64, 3,266.56, 2,189.65, 4,010.69, 4,554.20 ppb) and foreign large solar salt (FLSS) 1 type (1,983.27 ppb). Also, DEHP in FSS 2 type (930.15, 1,310.07 ppb) and FLSS 1 type (924.92 ppb) was detected a high level not excess to criteria. No detected DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DAP, BBP, DCHP and DEHA contents in MSS and foreign salt (FS). Na ion was shown a significantly higher level (p<0.05) in FS (407,345.87~426,612.14 ppm) than in MSS (363,633.98 ppm), but it was shown a high level in Mg (p<0.01), K (p<0.05), Ca ion (p<0.05) of FSS compared to foreign refined salt (FRS). Cl ion (532,727.07 ppm) of MSS was the most low level (p<0.001) compared to FS, but it was shown a high level (p<0.001) in Br ion (625.07 ppm). $SO_4$ ion was not shown a significant difference in DS and FS. It was display a high level in Mn of MSS, and Al, Fe of FLSS. Heavy metal contents (As, Cd, Pb and Hg) in MSS and FS was not significant difference, it was safety level as edible salt.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the effect of medium solidity, salt strength, sugar and nitrogen sources, and pH levels on in vitro multiplication of pathogen-free yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.). Liquid medium was more effective in the growth of plant height, fresh weight, and formation of microbulb than the solid medium. Optimal condition for plant fresh weight, growth, and multiplication axillary bud was in 1MS salt strength with 60 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose and half strength of $KNO_3$. Optimal condition for microbulb formation was $\frac{1}{2}$ MS salt strength supplemented with glucose 60 $g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and half strength of $KNO_3$. The number of leaves and nodes were sharply increased from 2 to 5 weeks, whereas plant fresh weight was steadily increased from 3 to 11 weeks after inoculation. Microbulbs were formed at 2 weeks after inoculation and continuously increased until 12 weeks.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2005

Salt-tolerant transgenic Panax ginseng plants were produced by introducing the SAL1 geue (3'(2'), 5'-bis-phosphate nucleotidase) that confers tolerance to the salts through Agrobacterium tumefaciens co-cultivation. Cotyledon explants of immature ginseng zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium lacking growth regulators formed somatic embryos directly with below 10%, but the 74% tranformation rate were observed at the treatment of phytohormone with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin. Somatic embryos were initially cultured on MS medium supplemented with 250 mg/l cefotaxime for 3 weeks and subsequently subcultured five times to a medium containing 100 mg/l kanamycin and 250 mg/l cefotaxime. Upon development into the cotyledonary stage, these somatic embryos were transferred to on the medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin and 10 mg/l gibberellic acid to induce germination and strong selection. Integration of the transgene into the plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers. The ginseng transformants with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse when they were planted in soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

In order to find optimum conditions for somatic embryogenesis from different individual (2-year-old) in Aralia elata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite. We also investigated the effect of MS medium salt concentration, BA and ABA on the embryo germination and plant regeneration. While noticeable difference was observed on somatic embryo induction among different individual tree, no apparent difference was seen in both germination and regeneration frequencies. Compared with nonembryogenic calli, embryogenic calli tended to look yellow and/or pale brown in color, slowly growing and soft in their texture. Regardless of BA or ABA treatment, half-strength MS salt medium proved to be better than full strength MS medium in both embryo germination and plant regeneration. Both hypocotyl and cotyledon developments were slightly promoted by adding 0.1 mg/L BA. However, its effect on germination and regeneration seemed inferior to control. ABA treatment on somatic embryos at their torpedo and early cotyledonary stages resulted in poor response in germination and regeneration. Although most regenerated plantlets varied greatly in cotyledon number and shape, they could be developed into normal plants after 4 weeks in culture. More than 95% plantlets were acclimatized in an artificial soil mixture, successfully transplanted to nursery bed and grew normally without any phenotypic abnormalty.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2004

Selection of stress-tolerant ginseng lines in fields is very difficult because it is almost impossible to control properly the environmental conditions of soil. On the contrary, it can be studied with ease to search for stress-tolerant ginseng lines through in vitro culture because of easy manipulation of stress conditions. This study was conducted for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress. Murashige ＆amp; Skoog(MS) media with 2.5 folds of KNO$_3$, NH$_4$NO$_3$, MgSO$_4$.7$H_2O$, KH$_2$PO$_4$, and CaC1$_2$.2$H_2O$ was established for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress in vitro. Among 88 ginseng pure lines bred by Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Punggi Hwangsuk, 78093, 82886, 78135, 86024 and KG104 lines was tolerant to salt stress. For the stable production of quality Korean ginseng, genetic tolerance to salt stress is one of important factors since relatively high salt concentrations in the ginseng nursery soil environment of Korea. Ginseng inbred pure lines were tested for their tolerance to salt stress through in vitro culture technique.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.357-362
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• 2012

5-Nonylsalicylaldoxime and salicylaldehyde are two derivatives of phenolic compounds which are very applicable materials in industries. Formerly the formylation of phenolic derivatives were carried out by Rimer-Tiemann method. In this work both of these two materials were synthesized by magnesium meditated formylation technique and their structural characterizations were compared by instrumental analysis technique. In order to achieve a selectively orthoformylated product, the hydroxyl group of nonylphenol (or phenol) was first modified by magnesium methoxide. The nonylphenol magnesium salt was then formylated by paraformaldehyde. The oximation reaction was finally applied to the prepared nonylsalicylaldehyde magnesium salt by liquid extracting via water and acid washing and other extractions. The solvent was finally removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. Some instrumental analysis such as $^1H$-NMR, GC/MS and FT-IR spectra were taken on the product in order to interpret the reaction characterization quantitatively and qualitatively. The formaldehyde and oxime functional groups of two compounds were investigated through $^1H$-NMR and FT-IR spectra and were compared. The yield of methoxilation was very good and the yields of formylation and oximation reactions were about 90%and 85% respectively. The orthoselectivity of formylation reaction were evaluated by comparing of the relevant spectra. The GC/MS spectra also confirmed the obtained results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.76-81
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• 2004

This paper presents the results of spectral analysis of leakage current waveforms on contaminated insulators under various fog and environment conditions(salt fog, clean fog, rain) The larger the leakage current during 200ms, the higer the power spectrum at 60Hz. For almost equal maximum current during 200ms, however, the spectrum at 60hz and the odd order harmonics increase emphatically when discharges occur continuously for several half-waves. If contaminated insulators suffers from high salt-density fog, the leakage current occurs with high crest value intermittently, results in the low spectrum. Analysis of leakage current data showed that this electrical activity was characterized by transient arcing behavior contaminants are deposited on the insulator surface during salt fog tests. This provides a path for the leakage current to flow along the surface of the insulator. It is important to have an indication of the pollution accumulation in order to evulate the test performance of a particular insulator. If the drop in surface resistivity is severe enough, then the leakage current may escalate into s service interrupting flashover that degrade power quality.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.323-332
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• 2006

This paper discusses several low-temperature heat-tranfer fluids, including water-based inorganic salt, organic salt, alcohol/glycol mixtures, silicones, and halogenated hydrocarbons in order to choose the best heat-transfer fluid for the newly designed direct contact refrigeration system. So, it contains a survey on commercial products such as propylene glycol and potassium formate as newly used in super market and food processing refrigeration. The stability of commercial fluids at the working temperature of $-20^{\circ}C$ was monitored as a function of time up to two months. And organic and inorganic compositions of candidate fluids were obtained by analytical instruments such as ES, XRF, AAS, ICP-AES, GC, and GC-MS. Analysis results indicate that commercial propylene glycol is very efficient and safe heat transfer fluids for the direct cooling system with liquid phase.