• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.29
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

This study was carried out to produce multiple shoots and bulblets from flower stalk tissue cultures of Muscari armeniacum LEICHTLIN ex BAKER 'Early Giant', which were cultured in the half strength Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with auxin, NAA in combination with kinetin, BA, and TDZ, alone and/or. In flower stalk tissue culture, upper part explant was the most suitable as a source of culture material. Direct shoot formation was much more favorable in half strength MS medium supplemented with $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ TDZ. On the other hand, bulblet formation was increased when cultured in half strength MS medium added with $0.01mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, $0.2mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ kinetin. Acclimatized plant flowered during the second year of the growing period without any phenotypic variations and formed average 1.5 bulblets per mother bulb.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

This communication describes for the first time an efficient and reproducible protocol for large-scale multiplication of Bambusa nutans. Nodal segments collected from field-grown clumps and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $4.4{\mu}M$ benzylaminopurine (BA) and $2.32{\mu}M$ kinetin (Kin) gelled with 0.2% gelrite yielded 80% aseptic cultures with 100% bud-break. The in vitro-formed shoots obtained after bud-break were successfully multiplied in MS liquid medium supplemented with $13.2{\mu}M$ BA, $2.32{\mu}M$ Kin, and $0.98{\mu}M$ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Sub-culturing of shoots every 3 weeks on fresh multiplication medium yielded a consistent proliferation rate of 3.5-fold. Shoot clusters containing three to five shoots were successfully rooted with 100% success on half-strength MS liquid medium supplemented with $9.8{\mu}M$ IBA, $2.85{\mu}M$ indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), $2.68{\mu}M$ naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 3% sucrose. Plantlets grown in vitro were acclimatized and subsequently transferred to the field. Inter-simple sequence repeat analysis has confirmed the genetic uniformity of the tissue-cultured plants up to 27 passages.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2009

High frequency plant proliferation system via direct frond regeneration of endemic duckweed plants Lemna paucicostata and Spirodela polyrhiza was established. Fronds of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza were able to multiply half-strength MS basal medium without plant growth regulators. However, addition of BA at a range of 1 to 3 mg/L was more effective than high concentration of BA treatments for fronds proliferation. Also half-strength MS salts was suitable for the fronds proliferation. Increase of salts concentration had inhibitory effect on fronds proliferation. Also the frequency of callus formation from fronds of L. paucicostata was 3.3%, when they cultured onto 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L of BA. Similarly the frequency of callus formation from S. polyrhiza was very low. After subculture of white globular structures derived from fronds of L. paucicostata, numerous globular somatic embryos and calluses were developed onto the surface of fronds. However these somatic embryos did not fully develop into normal plants when transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium. Therefore direct frond regeneration system was more efficient for mass proliferation of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza. The plant regeneration system of L. paucicostata and S. polyrhiza established in this study, might be applied to mass proliferation and genetic transformation for molecular breeding.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

This experiments were conducted to determine the effect of thidiazuron on forming tuberlets and plant regeneration of Pinellia ternata T. by tissue culture. The addition of $5\;{\mu}M$ TDZ to the medium had better regeneration than that of any other treatments of NAA and TDZ. At the combination treatments of NAA and TDZ, as the level of thidiazuron increased, the rate of shoot regeneration was incresed while the increment of NAA concentration inhibited the rate of shoot regeneration. The supplement of $5\;{\mu}M$ thidiazuron produced the best number of micro-tubers per explant and the number of micro-tuber formed was 25 in MS medium and 29 in MG medium on 30 day culture, respectively. Microtuber formation was the best on MG medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA and $5\;{\mu}M$ thidiazuron. MG medium was superior to MS and B5 medium for the growth of tuberlets. Half strength of MS medium with NAA 2 mg/l was the most effective for root formation. Rooting ability on nursery soil of plantlets produced in in vjtro was good as a 80% after 3 weeks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1998

Multiple shoots obtained in MS medium suppler with 5.0 mg/L BA though shoot-tip culture. The frequency of vitrified shoot was lower on Bacto-agar medium than on Gelrite as gelling agent. Addition of activated charcoal at concentrations of 0.1~0.3% reduced vitrification and markedly increased shoot growth, and formation and growth of roots, but significantly reduced the number of shoots formed. The ratio of fresh weight to dry weight was decreased by increasing light intensity and agar concentration. Eight-tenths times of macroelement of MS medium was observed to be effective for shoot formation. Addition of IAA effectively promoted shoot formation in both shoot tip and node-bud explants. Supplement of 5.0 mg/L BA, 0.3 mg/L IAA to MS medium was most effective in shoot proliferation on shoot tip and node-bud explants.Multiple shoots obtained in MS medium suppler with 5.0 mg/L BA though shoot-tip culture. The frequency of vitrified shoot was lower on Bacto-agar medium than on Gelrite as gelling agent. Addition of activated charcoal at concentrations of 0.1~0.3% reduced vitrification and markedly increased shoot growth, and formation and growth of roots, but significantly reduced the number of shoots formed. The ratio of fresh weight to dry weight was decreased by increasing light intensity and agar concentration. Eight-tenths times of macroelement of MS medium was observed to be effective for shoot formation. Addition of IAA effectively promoted shoot formation in both shoot tip and node-bud explants. Supplement of 5.0 mg/L BA, 0.3 mg/L IAA to MS medium was most effective in shoot proliferation on shoot tip and node-bud explants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

Basic informations for direct somatic embryo formation in Rehmannja glutinosa Lib. were obtained in 500ml erlenmyer flask. The ratio of ammonium to nitrate nitrogen of 825(mg/l) : 1900(mg/l) was proper condition for somatic embryo formation from stem and petiole explants and 3% sucrose was the most effective carbon source. Full strength MS medium with 2mg/l BA was better than LS medium for somatic embryogenesis. The initial pH 5.7 of medium(full strength MS with 2.0mg/l BA and 0.1mg/l NAA) was good for embryo production. Potassium ion was taken up rapidly within 2 weeks. while $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ ion contents were almost constant during culture period. Sucrose hydrolysis occurred throughout the culture, while glucose and fructose were absorbed simultaneously from the third week of culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 1999

In order to find optimum conditions for somatic embryogenesis from different individual (2-year-old) in Aralia elata were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 3% sucrose, and 0.3% gelrite. We also investigated the effect of MS medium salt concentration, BA and ABA on the embryo germination and plant regeneration. While noticeable difference was observed on somatic embryo induction among different individual tree, no apparent difference was seen in both germination and regeneration frequencies. Compared with nonembryogenic calli, embryogenic calli tended to look yellow and/or pale brown in color, slowly growing and soft in their texture. Regardless of BA or ABA treatment, half-strength MS salt medium proved to be better than full strength MS medium in both embryo germination and plant regeneration. Both hypocotyl and cotyledon developments were slightly promoted by adding 0.1 mg/L BA. However, its effect on germination and regeneration seemed inferior to control. ABA treatment on somatic embryos at their torpedo and early cotyledonary stages resulted in poor response in germination and regeneration. Although most regenerated plantlets varied greatly in cotyledon number and shape, they could be developed into normal plants after 4 weeks in culture. More than 95% plantlets were acclimatized in an artificial soil mixture, successfully transplanted to nursery bed and grew normally without any phenotypic abnormalty.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2003

Corm apical meristem cultures of thirteen glasshouse freesia cultivars were tested to investigate the possibility of micropropagation using MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D, NAA(0.1, 0.5, 1.0mg/L, respectively) and BA (0.5∼2.0mg/L). The majority of the tested cultivars could be induced callus and shoot buds in all culture condition. The combinations of NAA and BA appeared superior to that of 2,4-D and BA depending on cultivars for callus induction and shoot formation. Among the cultivars, 'Golden Yellow' showed the highest regeneration capacity on MS media with 0.5mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoot from calli were obtained through successive subculture on MS medium supplimented with 0.5mg/L BA. In that condition, more than 60 ％ shoot regeneration and average of 25.1 shoots per explant was achieved. Transformed shoots on half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators rooted easily.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2000

To investigate the effect of media and growth regulators in micropropagation of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.), dormant axillary buds taken from trees of persimmon cultivars such as Ichikikeijiro, Tonawase and Hiratenenashi were used. Shoot tips were successfully cultured in full or half of nitrogen strength of MS medium. The most effective cytokinins for shoot proliferation and elongation of persimmon cv. Ichikikeijiro were 5 mg/L and 2 mg/L zeatin, respectively. Shoots were successfully rooted in 1/2N-MS medium with 1 mg/L IBA.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

This study was carried out to determine the optimal medium composition and growth regulators for the micropropagation of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. Nodes containing yellow green petals were used as plant materials to execute the study. The best performance of adventitious root development was found in 1/4 strength of MS basal salt and the growth was satisfactory in the concentration of 1/2 MS medium. The best condition for adventitious root development and growth was observed in the higher concentration (5%) of sucrose and activated charcoal free 1/4MS medium respectively. Adventitious roots were developed at the controlled culture medium at pH 4.8 with a tendency of suppression with higher levels of pH. However, it was prevailed that the development and growth depended on the concentration of agar. The lower concentration of agar (0.4%) was performed better than that of higher concentration (1.2%), whereas the agar concentration (0.4%) showed the best performance for the development and growth of adventitious roots. For the development of shoots containing node, BA combined with IAA was more effective than kinetin with IAA or NAA. The highest shoot development (3.9 shoots per explant) was performed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA.