• Title/Summary/Keyword: MPV reactions

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Selective Reduction of Carbonyl and Epoxy Compounds Using Aluminum, Boron and Other Metal Reagents. Comparison of Reducing Characteristics between the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Type Reduction and Metal Complex Hydrides Reduction: A Review

  • Cha, Jin-Soon
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.28 no.12
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    • pp.2162-2190
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    • 2007
  • The newly-developed Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MVP) type reagents using aluminum, boron and other metals for reduction of organic functional groups such as carbonyl and epoxy compounds have been surveyed. highlighted and reviewed in this account are the appearance of new MPV type reagents and their application to the selective reduction of organic functions. Finally, this account emphasizes the distinct contrast in the reducing characteristics existed between metal hydride reagents and MPV reagents, and compares their usefulness in organic synthesis.

A Case of Metapneumovirus Pneumonia-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Young Adult Patient (젊은 성인 환자에서 인간 메타뉴모바이러스 폐렴에 의한 급성 호흡곤란증후군)

  • Tae Wan Kim;Won-Young Kim
    • The Korean Journal of Medicine
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    • v.99 no.2
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 2024
  • Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections commonly present as mild upper respiratory tract infections in healthy adults, although severe respiratory complications have been observed, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised patients. We report a case in whom pneumonia caused by hMPV progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a healthy adult without underlying diseases. A 31-year-old female presented with fever and dyspnea, prompting transfer to our hospital for mechanical ventilation 3 days after symptom onset. Auscultation revealed coarse breath sounds and crackles in both lung fields, and chest X-ray showed non-specific infiltrative nodules with poorly defined borders throughout both lungs. ARDS caused by community-acquired pneumonia was diagnosed. hMPV was identified via rapid testing of respiratory samples for genes that encode pneumonia pathogens and drug resistance markers; we employed reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions to these ends. Six days later, the patient was weaned off the mechanical ventilator, and discharged from the hospital in good clinical condition.

A Study on the VOCs Emission Characteristics of RV and MPV (RV차량 및 소형승합차량의 휘발성유기화합물 배출특성 연구)

  • Mun, Sunhee;Hong, Heekyoung;Kim, Sunmoon;Seo, Seokjun;Jung, Sungwoon;Chung, Taekho;Hong, Youdeog;Kim, Jounghwa
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.66-73
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    • 2018
  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, NMVOCs composition in exhaust gas from recreational vehicle (RV) and (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. The results for NMVOCs have reported that alkanes emission was higher than alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkanes due to reactive of diesel oxidation catalysts. The NMVOCs composition according to carbon number was highly distributed between C3 and C6~C8. During the engine cold start condition, NMVOCs emission was higher compared to the engine hot start condition due to the increased catalytic activity. The NMVOCs emission with DPF increased compared to that without DPF. The results of this study will be provide to calculate VOCs emissions from mobile source.

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Respiratory Viruses in Pediatric Inpatients in a Single Medical Center in Daegu from 2010 to 2012 (대구지역 단일병원에서 입원 환아의 호흡기 바이러스 역학 및 임상 양상: 2010-2012년)

  • Lee, Eun-Kyung;Lee, Yun-Young;Choi, Kwang-Hae
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2013
  • Background: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of acute respiratory viral infection in hospitalized children. Methods: From 2010 to 2012, we tested nasopharyngeal swab specimen in 1,584 hospitalized children with multiple real-time polymerase chain reactions to identify 10 kinds of respiratory viruses (including influenza virus A, B (FluA, FluB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (MPV), adenovirus (AdV), human coronavirus (CoronaV), human enterovirus (HEV), human bocavirus (HBoV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and human rhinovirus (Rhinovirus)). We analyzed the positive rate, annual and seasonal variations, and clinical features (respiratory tract and non-respiratory tract) according to the retrospective review of medical records. Results: Respiratory viruses were detected from 678 (42.8%) of 1,584 patients. The most common detected virus was RSV (35.0%), and then AdV (19.0%), HEV (18.1%). The critical period of the respiratory viral infection was during the first 12 months of a child's life. PIV increased by 8.4%, 12.1%, and 21.1% annually. Bronchiolitis was most frequently caused by RSV, and croup was frequently caused by PIV. The most common cause of meningitis was HEV. Hepatitis-associated respiratory virus was developed 111 in 678 cases. Conclusion: Although this study was confined to a single medical center for three years, we identified the epidemiology and clinical feature of respiratory viruses in Daegu from 2010 to 2012. Future surveillance will be necessary for annual and seasonal variations.

A Study on the BTEX Ratio and Correlation of C2-benzenes in Vehicle Exhaust (자동차 배출가스 중 BTEX의 비율과 C2-benzenes의 상관성 연구)

  • Mun, Sunhee;Chung, Taekho;Jung, Sungwoon;Kim, Sunmoon;Seo, Seokjun;Lee, Seounghwan;Kim, Jounghwa;Hong, Youdeog;Hong, Heekyoung
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2018
  • Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) were well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, BTEX ratios and correlation of $C_2$-benzenes (xylenes, ethylbenzene) in vehicle exhaust from recreational vehicle (RV) and multi-purpose vehicle (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. VOCs were collected by tedlar bag and a GC/MS system was used for their quantification. Among all of the BTEX, toluene has the highest concentration(more than 30% in composition of BTEX). The average ratio of toluene to benzene emissions (T/B ratio=2.2) was found in vehicle exhaust. The average m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene and m,p-xylene/o-xylene ratios were 1.0 and 3.0 respectively. As a result, it showed a good correlation between the $C_2$-benzenes ($R^2=0.98{\sim}0.99$). In the future, it can be used as a marker for effect evaluation to atmospheric environment by vehicle exhaust.