• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2012

We examined the effects of polyamines such as putrescine and cadaverine on the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin in the mouse pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line, MIN-6. Basal insulin secretion (BIS) and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the MIN-6 cells were significantly increased by 20 min- or 24 h-treatment with micromolar concentrations of polyamines. To determine whether the enhancement was due to increase of insulin production by polyamines, we investigated the insulin mRNA and protein production. Both insulin mRNA and protein production were found to be not significantly affected by the polyamine treatment. Next, we examined the expression of several transcription factors (TFs) related to insulin synthesis and secretion in order to identify upstream events responsible for the promotion of insulin secretion of MIN6 cells by polyamines. Of the 6 TFs tested, MafA was induced by treatment of polyamines. MafA mRNA and protein expressions increased with treatment of polyamines. Overall results suggest that cadaverine and putrescine promote the insulin secretion process rather than the insulin biosynthesis from MIN6 cells. Also MafA may be involved in the enhanced insulin secretion process. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for promotion of insulin secretion by polyamines.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.675-687
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were to analyze work patterns of clinical dietitians by time study, to investigate labor time used in each clinical dietetic activity, and to develop standardized indices of clinical dietetic staffing needs. Two general hospitals(A & B) in Seoul were selected for study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) For the A hospital, the percentage of clinical dietetic activities such as attending meeting, professional research, foodservicemanagement, clerical activity for the foodservice, administrative activity and delay were 17.5%, 1.3%, 14.5%, 23.4%, 21.3%, 4.6%, and 17.3% respectively, while 22.4% 3.5%, 23.7%, 10.9%, 15.8%, 4.2%, and 19.5% respectively for the B hospital. 2) For the A hospital, the percentage of direct patient care like outpatient nutrition education, group nutrition education, and patient meal planning were 69.5%, 10.5%, 7.6%, and 12.4% respectively while 78.9%, 7.3%, 8.9%, and 5.1% respectively for the B hospital. 3) Time spent for performing direct patient care such as basic care, intermediate care, and indepth care per patient were 28.0min, 73.1min, and 53.0 min respectively for the A hospital, while 45.3 min, 76.2 min, and 52.6 min respectively for the B hospital. 4) Full time clinical dietitian staffing needs were calculated for the three parts ; basic care, intermediate care, and in-depth care. For A hspital, the appropriate numbers of full time clinical dietitian were 3.5 persons in basic care, 3.6 persons in intermediate care, and 1.3 persons in in-depth care, while 6.1 persons, 6.3 persons, 3.2 persons respectively for B hospital.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.569-576
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• 2020

Chungyuk-jang is one of korean traditional soy food made by boiling with meat, seafood and soybean which is fermented after roasting. To investigate the difference in the physicochemical characteristics of the Chungyuk-jang fermented with roasted soybean in different conditions, Chungyuk-jang was made from soybean roasted on the three condition, 140℃ for 21 min (CY140), 180℃ 9.5 min (CY180), 220℃ 6 min (CY220) which was decided by pre-test and compared to one made without roasting (CY0). The moisture of Chungyuk-jang was 79.98~81.87% and pH was 6.15~6.25. The lightness and yellowness of CY0 was higher than Chungyuk-jang made of roasted bean whereas redness and brown pigment was the highest on CY220. The contents of free sugar of CY140 was the highest among the treatment. The contents of amino-N of Chungyuk-jang (CY140, CY190, CY220) was higher significantly than CY0. The contents of total free amino acid and glutamic acid was highest on fermented soybean roasted for 140℃, 21 min (CY140) and followed by fermented soybean roasted on 180℃ 9.5 min (CY180), 220℃ 6 min (CY220) and CY0 (without roasting).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.297-320
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• 2005

In recent years the pure displacement formulation for plate elements has not been as popular as other formulations. We revisit the pure displacement formulation for shear-deformable plate elements and propose a family of N-node, displacement-compatible, fully-integrated, pure-displacement, triangular, Mindlin plate elements, MIN-N. The development has been motivated by the relative simplicity of the pure displacement formulation and by the success of the existing 3-node plate element, MIN3. The formulation of MIN3 is generalized to obtain the MIN-N family, which possesses complete, fully compatible kinematic fields, in which the interpolation functions for transverse displacement are one degree higher than those for rotations. General element-level formulas for the thin-limit Kirchhoff constraints are developed. The 6-node, 18 degree-of-freedom element MIN6, with cubic displacement and quadratic rotations, is implemented and tested extensively. Numerical results show that MIN6 exhibits good performance for both static and dynamic analyses in the linear, elastic regime. The results illustrate that the fully-integrated MIN6 element has excellent performance in the thin limit, even for coarse meshes, and that it does not require shear relaxation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.172-175
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• 1999

홍삼액기스의 투여가 에탄올의 곡선하면적(AUC)과 제거속도상수(elimination rate constant)에 미치는 효과에 대하여 웅성 백서 14마리와 건강한 남성 자원자 10명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 백서에게 홍삼액기스 200 mg/kg를 투여하거나 같은 분량의 물을 투여한 후 즉시 $50\%$ 에탄올, 3.2g/kg의 용량을 구강 투여하였다. 에탄올의 곡선하면적(AUC)과 제거속도상수는 홍삼액기스를 투여할 경우 $29.2{\pm}6.2\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^-$와, $0.51{\pm}0.06\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었으며, 홍삼액기스를 투여하지 않을 경우는 각각 $28.0{\pm}5.6\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^-$와 $0.5{\pm}0.1\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었다. 이들 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 인체에서는 일인당 홍삼액기스 3그램을 100 ml의 물에 희석하거나 또는 동일분량의 물을 투여하고 곧 이어서 소주 2.4 m/kg의 용량을 마시게 하였다. 자원자의 에탄올에 대한 곡선하면적과 제거속도상수는 홍삼액기스의 투여군이 $10.6{\pm}2.0\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^{-}$와 $0.21{\pm}0.05\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를,대조군에서는 $11.0{\pm}2.2\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^{-}$와 $0.22{\pm}0.04\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었으며 역시 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. (평균${\pm}$표준편차) 이런 결과들로 미루어 홍삼액기스의 투여로 에탄올의 약동학에 의미있는 변화를 초래하기란 어려울 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2018

구리 용융흔(Melted bead) 미세조직(Microstructure)은 변형층(Deformed layer)과 원조직(Undeformed layer)으로 구분할 수 있다. 변형층이 존재하는 경우에는 측정오류가 발생되어 연마/미세연마(Grinding/Polishing)를 통하여 변형층을 제거하고 원조직을 관측하여야 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 구리 용융흔의 미세조직 분석을 위한 연마/미세연마 절차(Process)를 제시하였다. 변형층 제거를 위해 연마재 종류/크기, 연마시간, 연마율의 상관성을 분석하였고 변형층의 두께를 $1{\mu}m$ 이하가 되도록 하였다. 연구결과, 실리콘카바이드 연마재 $15{\mu}m$ (SiC P1200) 2 min, $10{\mu}m$ (SiC P2400) 1 min, 다이아몬드 연마재 $6{\mu}m$ 8 min, $3{\mu}m$ 6 min, $1{\mu}m$ 10 min, $.25{\mu}m$ 8 min 실시하는 새로운 연마/미세연마 절차를 제시하였다. 또한 최종 단계에서 3 min 동안 콜로이달 실리카 $.04{\mu}m$로 화학적 미세연마를 실시함으로써 미세조직의 선명성을 증대시키는 방안도 제시하였다. 연마/미세연마 시간은 총 38 min이 소요되며, 기존에 제시된 시간, 절차보다 단순화 하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.634-640
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• 2003

This paper is to be researched into ozone generation character of Bi-Ti-Si type high dielectric yield ceramic catalyst discharge tube. And conditions of basic experiment are the outside diameter of discharge tube : 52 mm, the length of discharge tube : 350 mm, the frequence : 900 Hz, the temperature of cooling water : 25 $^{\circ}C$, quantity of flow : 5, 10, 20 l/min, pressure : 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 atm, and distance of discharge gap : 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 mm. Ozone generation characteristics were measured to consumption power. At quantity of flow : 20 l/min, discharge gap : 0.6 mm, pressure : 1.6, and consumption power : 150 W, Maximum ozone generation efficiency of 175 g/kWh was obtained. Maximum ozone generation efficiency was measured below the flow quantity of 20 l/min at below pressure of 1.6 atm. However, Maximum ozone generation efficiency was measured over the flow quantity of 20 l/min at over pressure of 1.6 atm.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.664-668
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• 2008

The diffusivity of aerosol sanitizers may be determined by the weight and droplet size of the aerosol. To test the effects of droplet size, 2 types of aerosol sanitizers were prepared using different ultrasonic nebulizer frequencies (1.6 and 2.4 MHz) and their reduction activities were determined against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. A sodium hypochlorite aerosol was treated for 10, 30, or 60 min in a model aerosol cabinet. When the aerosol prepared by nebulizing at 1.6 MHz was treated for 30 min, a 0.2 log reduction was observed in E. coli O157:H7 and 0.3 log reductions were exhibited in L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium, respectively. After 60 min, the 3 pathogens were reduced by 1.7, 0.6, and 0.8 log units, respectively. However, when the aerosol prepared by nubulizing at 2.4 MHz was treated, the microbes presented 1.6, 0.5, and 0.6 log reductions at 30 min, and 1.8, 0.9, and 1.1 log reductions at 60 min of treatment, respectively.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

Al6082-T6 is widely used because of its corrosion resistance and excellent strength. HAZ softening occurs in MIG welding process for this aluminium alloys because this aluminium alloy is heated to higher temperature than its aging temperature during welding. Therefore, low heat input and minimum standard deviation of heat input are required for narrow HAZ width and, for higher strength of welds. In this study, Al6082-T6 was used to examine for HAZ softening with various heat input in aluminium MIG welding. For weldments, micro hardness was measured and tensile test was carried out. Minimum hardness was increased at high speed welding such as 80cm/min and 120cm/min in welding speed comparing with 40cm/min. Also, in case of high speed welding such as 80cm/min and 120cm/min, tensile strength of weldments was increased about 10% comparing with low speed welding(40cm/min).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.949-954
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• 2006

본 연구는 Water jet 플라즈마 반응기를 개발하고 탄화수소 연료의 개질을 통한 합성가스 생산의 최적 조건을 연구하였다. 연료는 프로판을 사용하였다. 그리고 수표면에 아크 방전을 가하여 플라즈마를 발생하였다. 수표면의 방전은 short-wave, UV radiation 등을 발생시키는 이점을 가지고 있어 물의 생물학적 기리고 화학적 처리에 이용할 수 있다. 전력, Water jet의 유량, 전극간격 뿐만 아니라 처리시간에 따른 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 변수별 연구는 전력을 $0.18{\sim}0.74$ kW, Water jet의 유량을 $38.4{\sim}65.6$ mL/min, 전극간격을 $5{\sim}15$ mm 그리고 처리시간을 $2{\sim}20$ min에 따라 수행하였다. 상기 변수별 연구에서 0.4 kW, 53.9 mL/min, 10 mm and 20 min일 때 수소는 최대 61.6%를 나타냈으며 이 때 중간생성물의 농도는 6.1% 그리고 프로판 전환율은 99.8%를 나타냈다.