• Nano
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.1850118.1-1850118.17
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• 2018

Nanoparticles of the semiconductor catalyst $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S$ were embedded into the metal organic framework MIL-101(Cr) to obtain $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites. These materials not only possess high surface areas and mesopores but also show good utilization of light energy. The ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance patterns of $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites showed that $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) possessed good visible light response ability among the synthesized nanocomposites. The photocatalytic performance of the $Cd_xZn_{1-x}S@MIL-101$(Cr) nanocomposites were tested via degradation and mineralization of methylene blue in neutral water solution under light irradiation using a 300W xenon lamp. As a result, using $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) as a catalyst, 99.2% of methylene blue was mineralized within 30 min. Due to the synergistic effect of adsorption by the MIL-101(Cr) component and photocatalytic degradation provided by the $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S$ component, the $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) catalyst displayed superior photocatalytic performance relative to $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S$ and MIL-101(Cr). Furthermore, $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) possessed excellent stability during photodegradation and exhibited good reusability. The remarkable photocatalytic performance of $Cd_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}S@MIL-101$(Cr) is likely due to the effective transfer of electrons and holes at the heterojunction interfaces.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.387-391
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• 2019

A highly porous Ni@MIL-101catalyst for urea oxidation was synthesized by anchoring Ni into a Cr-based metal-organic framework, MIL-101, particles. The morphology, structure, and composition of as synthesized Ni@MIL-101 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electro-catalytic activity of the Ni@MIL-101catalysts towards urea oxidation was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the structure of Ni@MIL-101 retained that of the parent MIL-101, featuring a high BET surface area of $916m^2g^{-1}$, and thus excellent electro-catalytic activity for urea oxidation. A $urea/H_2O_2$ fuel cell with Ni@MIL-101 as anode material exhibited an excellent performance with maximum power density of $8.7mWcm^{-2}$ with an open circuit voltage of 0.7 V. Thus, this work shows that the highly porous three-dimensional Ni@MIL-101 catalysts can be used for urea oxidation and as an efficient anode material for urea fuel cells.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was $173.46{\pm}16.09$. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1407-1413
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to gain insights into oocyte maturation and early embryo development, SELDI-TOF-MS was used to find the protein candidates that are specifically or prominently expressed in mouse oocytes at the in vitro matured metaphase II (MIl) and germinal vesicle (GV) stages. By using selected CM10 chip, found 16 candidates which were up-regulated in GV stage oocytes compared with in MIl stage oocytes, molecular weight are 8180 (2 candidates), 10226 (5 candidates), 15767 (5 candidates) and 16770 (4 candidates) Da respectively. And 29 candidates were higher in MIl than in GV stage oocytes, molecular weight are 10832 (3 candidates), 17744(8 candidates), 20122 (3 candidates), 22131 (3 candidates), 24857 (7 candidates) and 33507 (5 candidates) Da, respectively. All (45) candidate (0.2 and 1.0 % error tolerances) were performed real time RT-PCR analysis and further selected 13 more potential candidates.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2019

Background The aim of this study was to assess the safety of one-per-mil tumescent injections into viable skin flaps that had survived an ischemic insult, in order to assess the potential suitability of one-per-mil tumescent injections in future secondary reconstructive procedures such as flap revision and refinements after replantation. Methods Forty groin flaps harvested from 20 healthy Wistar rats weighing 220 to 270 g were subjected to acute ischemia by clamping the pedicle for 15 minutes. All flaps showing total survival on the 7th postoperative day were randomly divided into group A (one-per-mil tumescent infiltration; n=14), group B (normal saline infiltration; n=13), and group C (control, with no infiltration; n=13) before being re-elevated. Transcutaneous oxygen tension ($TcPO_2$) was measured before and after infiltration, and changes in $TcPO_2$ were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, the paired t-test, and the independent t-test. The viability of flaps was also assessed using the Analyzing Digital Images software at 7 days after the second elevation. Results Thirty-nine flaps survived to the final assessment, with the sole exception of a flap from group A that did not survive the first elevation. $TcPO_2$ readings showed significant decreases (P<0.05) following both one-per-mil tumescent ($99.9{\pm}5.7mmHg$ vs. $37.2{\pm}6.3mmHg$) and normal saline ($103{\pm}8.5mmHg$ vs. $48.7{\pm}5.9mmHg$) infiltration. Moreover, all groin flaps survived with no signs of tissue necrosis. Conclusions One-per-mil tumescent infiltration into groin flap tissue that had survived ischemia did not result in tissue necrosis, although the flaps experienced a significant decrease of cutaneous oxygenation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.327-335
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• 2007

This study was to evaluate economic impact of a comprehensive pharmaceutical care intervention provided by community pharmacists on drug-related morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, in a societal perspective. Clinical outcomes of pharmaceutical care included compliance increase, inappropriate medication discontinuation, and subsequent drug-related morbidity and mortality reduction. Economic outcomes included cost savings from direct medical costs reduction such as medication and healthcare resource utilization. Input costs for pharmaceutical care included pharmacist time and computerized prescription review supporting program costs. Model parameters of outcomes were derived from published literatures, and costs were from literatures and health insurance statistical data in Korea. Annual costs and benefits were estimated in the year 2005. Current usual care and standardized pharmaceutical care required 0.3 and 2.0 hours per year respectively, for elderly outpatient using average 4.4 prescription drugs per visit and average annual frequency of 17.8 pharmacy visits. Comprehensive pharmaceutical care provided to overall elderly outpatients at community pharmacies would have cost of \74,994 mil. and benefit of \357,002 mil. per year. Benefit:cost ratio was 4.8:1 and net benefit was \282,008 mil/year. It was corresponded to net benefit of \73,816/year for individual elderly patient. In addition, pharmaceutical care was estimated to reduce 1,531 drug-related deaths/year. Conclusively this study, a first attempt in Korea to evaluate an economic value of pharmaceutical care at community pharmacies, proved that it was a cost-effective intervention having significant economic benefit.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.695-702
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• 2010

This paper presents an image alignment algorithm for application of AOI (Automatic Optical Inspection) based on SIFT. Since the correspondences result using SIFT descriptor have many wrong points for aligning, this paper modified and classified those points by five measures called the CCFMR (Cascade Classifier for False Matching Reduction) After reduced the false matching, rotation and translation are estimated by point selection method. Experimental results show that the proposed method has fewer fail matching in comparison to commercial software MIL 8.0, and specially, less than twice with the well-controlled environment’s data sets (such as AOI system). The rotation and translation accuracy is robust than MIL in the noise data sets, but the errors are higher than in a rotation variation data sets although that also meaningful result in the practical system. In addition to, the computational time consumed by the proposed method is four times shorter than that by MIL which increases linearly according to noise.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Experimental results on a 4-bit charge-coupled A/D converter are described. Major operations in the successive approximation algorithm are implemented in a monolithic chip, CCADC, which was fabricated usir p-channel CCD technology, with its die size of 4,200 mil2 Typical operating frequency range has been found out to be from 500Hz to 200kHz. In that frequency range, no missing code has been found in the whole signal range of 2.4 volts for ramp signal slewing at 1 LSB/(sampling time). A discussion is made on several layout techniques to conserve the nominal binary ratio of (8:4:2:1) among the areas of four adjacent potential wells (M wells), whose charge storing capacities correspond to each bit magnitude - 3.6 pC, 1.8 pC, 0.9 pC, and 0.45 pC nominal in the order of MSB to the LSB. The effect of 'dump slot', which is responsible for the excessive nonlinearity (2$\frac{1}{2}$LSB) in the A/D converter, is explained. A novel input scheme called 'slot zero insertion' to circumvent the deleterious effects of the dump slot is described with the experimental results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 1984

Combined mineralogical and geochemical studies were made on two hundred eighty one representative samples from uraniferous coaly meta-pelites of the Ogcheon metamorphic terrain. Different mineral occurrence of the areas investigated should be taken into account for chemical processes for uranium extraction. Secondary uranium minerals identified are metauranocircite, metatorbernite and autunite. These are disseminated mostly on the laumontites which infused and filled secondary openings in the coaly matrix, and are often closely associated with iron oxides. The uranium distribution show distinctly log normal. Geochemical correlation coefficient of uranium and organic carbon displays +0.624~+0.796. The relationship of the major components to uranium can be expressed by the following regression equation: Log $(U_3O_8{\times}10^4)$=1.40117-0.00076 (quartz) -0.00118 (muscovite) +0.00235 (biotite) +0.00323 (other silicates) - 0.01114 (apatite) +0.01124 (hematite) +0.00149 (limonite) -0.01823 (opaques)+0.03049 (organic carbon). Uranium in the coaly meta-pelites of the Ogcheon Group was deposited together under same physico-chemical environmental conditions. There is a considerable variation in the ${\delta}^{34}S$ values (11.2~16.8 per mil) of the pyrites from the U-bearing meta-pelites, which implies sedimentary origin. The two U-bearing coaly rocks analyzed have ${\delta}^{13}C$ values between -16.88~-18.00 per mil, which suggests organic.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2013

Gold wire has long been used as a proven method of connecting a silicon die to a substrate in wide variety of package types, delivering high yield and productivity. However, with the high price of gold, the semiconductor packaging industry has been implementing an alternate wire material. These materials may include silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) alloys as an alternative to save material cost and maintain electrical performance. This paper will analyze and compare the electrical characteristics of several wire types. For the study, typical 0.6 mil, 0.8 mil and 1.0 mil diameter wires were selected from various alloy types (2N gold, Palladium (Pd) coated/doped copper, 88% and 96% silver) as well as respective pure metallic wires for comparison. Each wire model was validated by comparing it to electromagnetic simulation results and measurement data. Measurements from the implemented test boards were done using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and probe station setup. The test board layout consisted of three parts: 1. Analysis of the diameter, length and material characteristic of each wire; 2. Comparison between a microstrip line and the wire to microstrip line transition; and 3. Analysis of the wire's cross-talk. These areas will be discussed in detail along with all the extracted results from each type the wire.