• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2006

A tuber lectin from Arisaema jacquemontii Blume belonging to family Araceae was purified by employing a single step affinity chromatography using column of asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica beads and the bound lectin was eluted with 100 mM glycine-HCl buffer pH 2.5. The purified A. jacquemontii lectin (AJL) showed a single protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 13.4 kDa when submitted to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing as well as non-reducing conditions. The native molecular mass of AJL determined by gel filtration on a Biogel P-200 column was 52 kDa and its carbohydrate content was estimated to be 3.40%. Thus AJL is a tetrameric glycoprotein. The purified lectin agglutinated erythrocytes from rabbit but not from human. Its activity was not inhibited by any of the mono- and disaccharides tested except N-acetyl-D-lactosamine having minimal inhibitory sugar concentration (MIC) 25 mM. Among the glycoproteins tested only asialofetuin was found to be inhibitory (MIC $125\;{\mu}g/mL$). A single band was obtained in native PAGE at pH 4.5 while PAGE at pH 8.3 showed two bands. Isoelectric focusing of AJL gave multiple bands in the pI range of 4.6-5.5. When incorporated in artificial diet AJL significantly affected the development of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) larvae indicating the possibility of using this lectin in a biotechnological strategy for insect management of cucurbits. Larvae fed on artificial diet containing sub-lethal dose of AJL showed a significant decrease in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity while esterase activity markedly increased as compared to larvae fed on diet without lectin. Out of various human cancer cell lines employed in sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, this lectin was found to have appreciable inhibitory effect on the in vitro proliferation of HCT-15, HOP-62, SW-620, HT-29, IMR-32, SKOV-3, Colo-205, PC-3, HEP-2 and A-549 cancer cell lines by 82, 77, 73, 70, 41, 41, 37, 29, 21 and 21% respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.182-192
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium. Eriobotryae folium are constituent herbs of Gagamgamroum, which has been used for a long time in oriental medicine as a herbal medicine for treating halitosis and toothache. Method: Eriobotryae folium was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ collagenase (mmp-1), stromelysin-1 (mmp-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts using RTPCR analysis. Result: The antimicrobial effects of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia 28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. MICs of Eriobotryae folium were 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with influence of herbs on the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ expression of mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6. $IL-1{\beta}$ increased mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Eriobotryae folium significantly inhibited $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggested that Eriobotryae folium might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed as a new drug for periodontitis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.442-450
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• 2016

This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of fermented Cheonggukjang extract using the new Strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1, which was first found on the surface of the node part of bamboo stems, but has been studied very little so far. Bacillus subtilis NG24, which is the traditional fermented strain of Cheonggukjang, was selected as the control group and a comparative analysis was performed. The experimental method included measurements of the antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and heat and pH stability. B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 had stronger antimicrobial activity than B. subtilis NG24 against the gram-positive bacteria, C. perfringens and S. aureus and the gram-negative bacteria, A. faecalis and E. coli among the six species of pathogenic bacteria studied. When the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured, B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 in C. perfringens, S. aureus, A. faecalis, and E. coli had an inhibitory effect at concentrations of 0.01 %, 0.21 %, 0.45 % and 0.29 %, respectively, compared to B. subtilis NG24. When the heat and pH stability was measured, B. subtilis NG24 and B. amyloliquefaciens NBF11-1 Cheonggukjang extract did not show any decrease in activity when held at a temperature of $121^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes and at pH values ranging from 2 to 10 and were therefore considered to be relatively stable against heat and pH changes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2012

This study is focused on finding new natural materials that have antimicrobial activity. We found that 3 plants extracts, Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch (M. sieboldii K. Koch), Rhus chinensis (R. chinensis) and Metasequioa glyptostroboides (M. glyptostroboides), have antimicrobial activities by disk diffusion method. We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentation (MIC) of each and found that 0.3 ~ 0.35 % of M. glyptostroboides essential oil and 0.35 ~ 0.4 % of M. sieboldii K. Koch extracts inhibited fungal growth and 0.45 ~ 0.5 % of R. chinensis extracts inhibited bacterial growth. We isolated compounds from extracts and verified what have antimicrobial activity. As a result we found that caryophyllene oxide and caryophyllene isolated from M. glyptostroboides, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone from M. sieboldii K. Koch and ethyl gallate, ethyl-3-gallate from R. chinensis have antimicrobial activities. In accordance with antimicrobial activity, O/W cosmetic emulsion containing mixture of 3 plants extracts showed preservative efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. Based on the above data we suggest that extracts from M. siebodii K. Koch, R. chinensis, and M. glyptostroboides, replace chemical synthetic preservatives and be applied as a natural preservative.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

In this study, we examined antimicrobial activity of the bee venom isolated from honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) against fish pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio ichthyoenteri and Streptococcus iniae of cultured olive flounder, Paralichthys olvaceus. The bee venom exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the both Gram-negative bacteria, E. tarda and V. ichthyoenteri and Gram-positive bacteria, S. iniae. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimun bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the bee venom were 17.6 ${\mu}g$/ml 34.6 ${\mu}g$/ml against E. tarda., and 1.76 ${\mu}g$/ml, 6.8 ${\mu}g$/ml against V. ichthyoenteri, respectively. MIC and MBC of the bee venom were 3.49 ${\mu}g$/ml, 11 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively against S. iniae. The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of the bee venom was 5 hr, 6 hr, and 7 hr against E. tarda, V ichthyoenteri, and S. iniae, respectively. In addition, its antimicrobial activity was stable under various pH conditions. According to these results, the bee venom showed the excellent antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1996

Background: The 463 codon mutation of katG gene has been reported as an useful marker for the detection of isoniazid(INH) resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. This study aimed to elucidate relationship between 463 mutation in katG gene and INH resistance in M. tuberculosis. Method: DNA was extracted from 28 INH susceptible strains(MIC$\geq\;0.2{\mu}g/ml$ on the L$\ddot{o}$wenstein Jensen media) and used for amplification of 189bp fragment containing 463 codon by PCR. Amplified fragments were digested by restriction enzyme Msp I, analyzed by single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) in the MDE gel and sequenced to prove mutation. Result: Only 7(25%) out of 28 were digestible by restriction enzyme Msp I. The SSCP pattern of 21 strains were distinctly different from that of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Msp I undigestible PCR fragment was substituted at 463 codon from Arg(CGG) to Leu(CTG). Conclusion: This finding clearly indicate no relationship between 463 codon mutation of the katG gene and INH resistance.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary 1% garlic extract on nonspecific immune responses and fish diseases (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus, Vibrio anguillarum, Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella tarda) resistance in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish were fed a commercial diets supplemented with 1% garlic extract for 4 weeks. After the 4 weeks feeding experiment, the artificial infection was made by V. anguillarum, S. iniae, E. tarda and VHSV. And the cumulative mortality was monitored for 2 weeks after artificial infection. The cumulative mortalities decreased in all experiments except for group of E. tarda compared to control group. We observed significantly higher levels of the hematocrit, glucose, total protein, lysozyme activity and the macrophage activity in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the experiments of drug sensitivity and MIC using the three bacteria (V. anguillarum, S. iniae and E. tarda), 1% garlic extract was more effective than the previously reported fermented garlic powder. These results suggested that garlic extract can increase the disease resistance of olive flounder against V. anguillarum, S. iniae and VHSV and the ability of nonspecific immune responses.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 1996

The expression and secretion of human lactoferrin (hLf) in Sacclnromyces diastaticus were performed. 1. For the secretion of hLf in yeast, recombinant plasmid pYEGLf was constructed using promoter, secretion signal sequence of glucoamylase I gene (STA1) and transcriptional terminator of GAL7 gene. 2. Each correct recombinant plasmid was selected by mini-preparation of plasmid DNA from E coli transformant and restriction enzyme digestion analysis. The selected plasmids, pYEGLf, were transformed into S. diastaticus YIY345 as a expression host, respectively. 3. Western blot analysis using rabbit anti-hLf was carried out to identify expressed hLf. Positive signals were shown in culture supernatant of pYEGLf transformant. 4. About $100{\mu}g-1mg$ of concentrated culture supernatant of positive clone were loaded on paper disc and tested for the antimicrobial activity against E coli. However, no activity was observed. We concluded that this fact results from low concentration of hLf secreted from yeast, compared with the fact that MIC of hLf is as high as $3mg/m{\ell}$. Therefore, the purification of secreted hLf may be require to investigate the antimicrobial activity. From this study, the feasibility of low-cost production of sufficient quantities of human lactofferin for nutritional and therapeutical applications were suggested.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.210-216
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• 2015

This study was investigated about the antibacterial effects of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was 24, 48 and 24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of AGE against E. coli O157:H7, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus was all of 96 mg/mL. The growth of E. coli O157:H7 was significantly inhibited at the concentration of AGE 24 mg/mL at 24 hr post-incubation (p < 0.01), but that of S. aureus was not significantly inhibited at the same concentration. However, the growth of S. aureus at the concentration of AGE 96 mg/mL was significantly inhibited at 24 hr post-incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria (p < 0.01). At the concentration of AGE 48 (p < 0.05) and 96 mg/mL (p < 0.001), the growth of S. typhimurim was significantly inhibited at 24 hr after incubation compared to that of untreated bacteria. With the results of this study, AGE can be used as alternative to antibiotics and chemical food preservatives.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.66-71
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• 2002

As extraction solvent, ethanol fraction was revealed the highest anti-microbial activities. The butanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were also revealed anti-microbial activities with less extent compared to ethanol fraction. All fractions exhibited to inhibition of bacterial growth regardless gram positive and negative, yeast and fungi, however, was not exhibited effectively to their growth. In the inhibition activities against E. coli, the complete inhibition concentration of Yecheon propolis were at 0.40mg/ml, respectively. Complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol was revealed at 0.25mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against P. aeruginosa, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis wat at 0.20mg/ml. Yecheon propolis was reveraled the inhibition at 0.20mg/ml after 12 hours incubation. In the inhibition activities against S. typhimurium, the complete inhibition concentration of Youngwol propolis was at 0.20 and 0.25mg/ml and Yecheon was 0.40mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethanol extraction fraction of Yecheon propolis to P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. typhimurium were > 0.2, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.4∼>0.5mg/ml, and of Youngwol propolis to P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhimurium, B. subtlis and C. utilis were 0.15, 0.25, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4mg/ml, respectively.