• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1982

Streptonyces sp. (YS-40) 가 생산하는 penicillinase의 효소학적 성질을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 효소의 작용 적용온도는 45$^{\circ}C$이며 최적pH는 5.0부근이었다. 열처리에 대해서는37$^{\circ}C$에서도 불안정하였으며 6$0^{\circ}C$와 8$0^{\circ}C$에서 60분간 처리했을 때 각각 60%, 80%가 실활되었으나 안정 pH범위는 4.5~8.5로서 비교적 넓었다. 금속 ion의 농도가 $10^{-3}$M로 반응액에 첨가 되었을 때 Cu$^{＋＋}$의 경우 25%정도 실활시켰으며 2 $\times$$10^{-3}$M에서는 50% 정도 실활시켰다. SDS에 의해서 강하게 저해되었으며 EDTA, sodium fluoride 에 의해서 강하게 저해되었으나 MIA, L-cystine, urea에 의해서는 저해를 받지 않았다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제46권
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• pp.211-235
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• 2010

According to the commercial law in Korea, a marine cargo insurance contractor (policyholder, insured person, agent) has the duty to disclose risks before establishing an insurance contract and the obligation to notify changes in risks after before establishing the contract. Marine cargo insurance policy clauses include one about the obligation to notify changes in risks. This clause assumes that an insurance contract should be implemented according to what has been answered to the important questions asked by the insurer in connection with the insurant's duty to disclose before establishing an insurance contract, and it stipulates that, if any change in what has been disclosed should be notified to the insurer since it is regarded as a change in risks. Neglecting the obligation to notify may lead to the termination of the appropriate insurance contract by the insurer. The problems here concern the clauses about changes in risks and about the obligation to notify. The problems are like these. Can it be that the circumstances which might be seen in the past as changes in risks according to the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses stipulated long ago are considered as such still today? And a marine cargo insurance policy till valid when changes in risks have not been properly notified by the original discloser of risks to the insured who currently holds the marine cargo insurance policy, which, unlike other insurance policies, is a marketable security? In Korea, the commercial law has a clause the obligation to notify changes in risks established based on the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses. In this regard, this study aims to consider if the clause still valid today or not and, if not, to propose alternatives to the clauses.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1101-1121
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• 2015

The seasonal variation of phytoplankton communities and its standing crops in accordance with environmental factors were investigated at Yeongrang-ho, Cheongcho-ho, Mae-ho and Hyang-ho which are located in the East coast of Korea during April to October 2011. High concentrations of T-N and T-P were observed in four lagoons due to the inflowing nutrients from farmlands and residential areas near lagoons. Nutrient salts mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphate caused the eutrophication of the lakes, leading to the robust growth of phytoplankton. During the period of investigation, 64 to 107 taxa of phytoplankton were observed in four lagoons. Diatoms were the most dominant species with high density. Non-point pollution source was estimated as the main cause of water pollution of lagoons. Trophic states of lagoons evaluated using the value of TSI and TSIKO indicated that all the investigated lagoons were in the eutrophication state.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.1059-1069
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• 1996

본 논문의 목적은 메뉴 방식과 메타인지에 따라 학습한 학습자의 오류 및 오류 감지, 메뉴탐색 시간과 학업 성취도에 대한 상호작용의 효과와 메뉴방식과 학습시기(초 중 말기)가 기능관련 오류에 상호작용의 효과가 있는 가를 검증해 봄으로써 학습자 특성에 따라 학습효과를 높일 수 있는 메뉴를 선택하도록 하는데 있다. 본 논문에서는 한올 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램 학습시 주로 많이 사용되는 4가지 메뉴 방식(아이콘 메뉴, 아이콘텍스트 메뉴, 폴다운 메뉴, 폴다운 메뉴, 막대 선택 메뉴) 과학습자 특성의 메타인지가 발생되는 오류, 메뉴탐색 시간과 학업 성취도에 어떤 영향을 미치며, 메뉴방식과 학습시기에 따라 기능관련 오류에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 경험적으로 검증해 보았다. 그 결과 메뉴방식은 하위 메타규제집단에서 영향을 미치게 되므로 아이콘텍스트 메뉴방식을 사용하는 것이 학업성취도를 높여주는 효과가 있다고 나타났다. 상위 메타규제집단에서는 어느 메뉴방식을 사용해도 학업성취도에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 학습초기에 막대선택과 아이콘 메뉴방식이 상대적으로 기능관련 오류를 더 많이 범한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2002

Recently, Skeletal Anchorage System (SAS) has been focused clinically with the view point that it could provide the absolute intraoral anchorage. First, it began to be used for the patient of orthognathic surgery who had difficulty in taking intermaxillary fixation due to multiple loss of teeth. And then, its uses have been extended to many cases, the control of bone segments after orthognathic surgery, stable anchorage in orthodontic treatment, and anchorage for temporary prosthesis and so on. SAS has been developed as dental implants technique has been developed and also called in several names; mini-screw anchorage, micro-screw anchorage, mini-implant anchorage, micro-implant anchorage (MIA), and orthosystem implant etc. Now many clinicians use SAS, but the anatomical knowledges for the installed depth of intraosseous screws are totally dependent on general experiences. So we try to study for the cortical thickness of maxilla and mandible in Korean adults without any pathologic conditions with the use of Computed Tomography at the representative sites for the screw installation.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of Chinese foods in main ingredients, sauces, and cooking methods, and to assess the applicability of kochujang in Chinese foods. Twenty Chinese foods and commercial kochujang were selected by a Chinese head cook. The main ingredients were 24 kinds such as pork, chicken, shrimp, bok choy, bean curd, Chinese noodles etc., which were generally used in Korean foods. The main Chinese sauces were 11 kinds, and soy sauce was used in 12 foods, shang loo tau soy sauce in 2, wine in 8, oyster sauce in 7, rice wine in 6. The classification of cooking units in all Chinese foods was performed and the cooking frequency was deep frying>pan frying>boiling>stir frying>steaming>roasting. The proper amount of kochujang (weight ratio) was decided by pre-test of the Chinese head cook and Chinese food added kochujang was assessed by a Chinese focus group. The overall preference of Chinese food added kochujang was assessed highly and was related to the kinds of sauces, and to the kinds of main ingredients. The foods which used soy sauce or shang loa tau soy sauce were preferred. Sweetness by using kochujang wasn't preferred in several foods. Saltiness and aftertaste by using kochujang didn't affect the food preference, and the intensity of color and pungency were evaluated as a moderate level. An increased amount of kochujang would be possible in several foods. However, the increase in the amount of kochujang for intensive color and pungency in Chinese foods was directly related to the increase of sweetness, which had been discussed as the main problem in lowering the preference. Therefore, the screening of various Chinese foods harmonized with kochujang and the determination of the proper mixing ratio with Chinese sauces are very important. The results of this study could be used as basic data for the promotion of kochujang consumption in the Chinese market.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.637-644
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• 2008

Purpose: The survival of bone marrow derived stem cell was reported several times. But the survival of adipose tissue derived stem cells(hASCs) was not mentioned on. We studied the adipose tissue derived stem cell's survival and effect on articular cartilage in rabbits. Methods: Osteoarthritis was induced in twenty New Zealand white rabbits by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA). After four weeks, hASCs were also injected into the knee joints space without any vehicle, but the control group received phosphate buffered saline only. The histologic grade of articular cartilage was measured in 4 and 8 weeks after the transplantation of hASC and the viability of injected stem cells measured by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) examination. Results: After 4 and 8 weeks from hASCs transplantation, histologic grade was not significantly difference between two groups(p>0.05), and the Y chromosome of the transplanted hASCs was not detected in articular cartilage. Conclusion: We found that direct injection of hASC in joint space didn't work on damaged articular cartilage repair.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of exercise of diverse intensities on the recovery of articular cartilage in osteoarthritic rats. METHODS: Over a period of four weeks, the authors applied treadmill exercise programs of diverse intensities to Sprague-Dawley rats, to which intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA, 3mg/$50{\mu}l$, diluted in saline) was applied to the right knee joint to induce osteoarthritis. The four-week exercise program was not carried out with the control group(CG, n=10). Exercise programs of applicable intensities were applied to the low-intensity exercise group(LEG, n=10), moderate-intensity exercise group(MEG, n=10), and high-intensity exercise group(HEG, n=10) over the four weeks. Observations were made of morphological changes in the rats' articular cartilage, using hematoxylin and eosin stains. RESULTS: there were significant differences(p<.05) in the comparison of articular damage scores between the four groups involved. Articular cartilage damage scores were found to be significantly lower in the LEG, MEG, and HEG than in the CG, indicating that exercise helped with the recovery of cartilage. Of these latter three groups, the MEG showed the highest level of recovery, while the HEG showed the lowest. CONCLUSION: These study results suggest that exercise is effective in treating OA. They also indicate that in prescribing exercise to treat osteoarthritic patients, exercise of moderate intensity is most suitable to patients' physical conditions, rather than low or high intensity, maximizes, and so should be used to maximize the effects of therapy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2010

최근 들어 다국적 기업들에 의한 전통지식과 유전자원에 대한 해적행위가 증가하고 있다. 이에 세계지식재산권기구의 국제조사기관 회의에서는 전통지식을 보호하기 위해서 전통지식문헌이 Patent Cooperation Treaty 비특허문헌에 포함되어야 한다는 것에 동의하였다. 대한민국에서는 특허청과 농촌진흥청이 전통지식보호를 위한 활동에 선도적인 역할을 수행해 오고 있다. 특허청은 Korean Journal of Traditional Knowledge을 2007년 말부터 한국전통지식포탈을 통해 서비스하고 있으며, 이는 2008년에 PCT 최소문헌으로 선정되었다. 농촌진흥청은 1997년부터 현재까지 전통 농업 지식과 향토음식에 대한 정보를 발굴하여 책자로 발간해 오고 있다. 또한 농촌진흥청이 발굴한 전통지식은 2010년부터 한국전통지식포탈에서 검색가능하다. 본 논문에서는 전통지식을 보호 및 활용하기 위한 전반적인 활동을 소개한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.156-158
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• 2012

A synthetic coprisin analog peptide, 9-mer dimer CopA3 (CopA3) was designed based on a defensin-like peptide, Coprisin, isolated from the bacteria-immunized dung beetle Copris tripartitus. Here, CopA3 was investigated for its antimicrobial activity and cancer cell growth inhibition. CopA3 showed antimicrobial activities against various pathogenic bacteria and yeast fungus with MIC values in 2~32 ${\mu}M$ ranges, and inhibited the cell viabilities of pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer cells, except MIA-Paca2, Hep3B, and HepG2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. The average $IC_{50}$ values of CopA3 against pancreatic and hepatocellular cancer cells were 61.7 ${\mu}M$ and 67.8 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The results indicate that CopA3 has potential in the treatments of pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers as well as microorganism infection disease.