• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2000

Bone is continuously remodeled during adult life with the resorption of old bone by osteoclasts and its subsequent replacement by osteoblast. Bone homeostasis is maintained by a balance between activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, but an imbalance between resorption and formation results in bone diseases including osteoporosis. Osteoblasts line up on the bone surface, especially regions of new bone formation, lay down bone matrix (osteoid) in orderly lamellae and induce its mineralization. Thus, the increased activity of osteoblasts is helpful to treat and prevent osteoporosis. In this study, we examined whether 80% EtOH extract of yukmijiwhang-whan is capable of affecting osteoblast proliferation using human osteoblast-like cell line, MG-63 and Saos-2. In an in vivo experiment, extract of yukmijiwhang-whan was administered for 9 weeks to ovariectomized (OVX) rats. At necropsy, uterus weights were measured, and trabecular bone areas (TBAS) of tibia and the sixth lumbar vertebra were measured by bone histomorphology. The maximum cell proliferation of MG-63 caused by extract of yukmijiwhang-whan at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-6}\;mg/ml$ was approximately 115% compared with control. In Saos-2, cell proliferation was approximately 145% of control at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;mg/ml$ and maximum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was approximately 143% of control at $5\;{\times}\;10^{-5}\;mg/ml$. In animal study, however, the tibia and lumbar TBAS of the yukmijiwhang-whan group did not increased than the OVX control group. In conclusion, the 80% EtOH extract of yukmijiwhang-whan increased proliferation of osteoblasts but did not prevent bone loss in OVX rats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1204-1211
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• 2019

Fungal exopolysaccharides are important natural products having diverse biological functions. In this study, exopolysaccharides from Fomitopsis castanea mycelia (FEPS) were prepared, and the highest mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity was found. FEPS were prepared from cultivation broth by ethanol precipitation method. The extraction yield and protein concentration of FEPS were 213.1 mg/l and 0.03%, respectively. FEPS inhibited mushroom tyrosinase with the half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) of 16.5 mg/ml and dose-dependently inhibited cellular tyrosinase activity (63.9% at $50{\mu}g/ml$, and 83.3% at $100{\mu}g/ml$) in the cell-free extract of SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$)-stimulated melanin formation in intact SK-MEL-5 human melanoma cell. The $IC_{50}$ of FEPS against NO production from RAW264.7 macrophage cells was $42.8{\pm}0.64{\mu}g/ml$. By in vivo study using a zebrafish model, exposure of FEPS at $400{\mu}g/ml$ to dechorionated zebrafish embryos for 18 h decreased the pigment density, compared to that without FEPS-treated control.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture(CFP) on the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, lipolysis in rat epididymal adipocytes and histological changes in porcine adipose tissue. Methods Inhibiton of preadipocyte differentiation and/or stimulation of lipolysis play important roles in reducing obesity. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with adipogenic reagents by incubating for 3days in the absence or presence of CFP ranging from 0.01 to 1mg/mL. The effect of CFP on adipogenesis was examined by measuring GPDH activity and by Oil Red O staining. Mature adipocytes from rat epididymal fat pad was incubated with CFP ranging from 0.01 to 1mg/mL for 3 hrs. The effect of CFP on lipolysis was examined by measuring free glycerol released. Fat tissue from pig skin was injected with CFP ranging from 0.1 to 10mg/mL to examine the effect of CFP on histological changes under light microscopy. Results The following results were obtained from present study on adipogenesis of preadipocytes, lipolysis of adipocytes and histological changes in fat tissue. 1. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture inhibited adipogenic differentiation at the concentration of 1.0mg/mL. 2. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) at the concentration of 0.1mg/mL. 3. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture ok. lipolysis at the concentration of 0.1mg/ml. 4. Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture ranging 0.1 to 10mg/mL failed to exert lysis of cell membrane in porcine fat tissue. Conclusions These results suggest that Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture at relatively high concentration inhibited adipogenesis and increased lipolysis of adipocytes. However, Crataegi Fructus Pharmacopuncture didn't exert any effect on lysis of cell membrane in fat tissue.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2011

PURPOSE. This study was performed to investigate the ability of recombinant human-bone morphogenic protein-2 immobilized on a heparin-grafted bone substrate to enhance the osteoblastic functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, not coated with any material, was used as a control group. In rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group, rhBMP-2 was coated with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ using only deep and dry methods (50 ng/mL, 24 h). In heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ group, dopamine was anchored to the surface of Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, and coated with heparin. rhBMP-2 was immobilized onto the heparinized- Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ surface. The release kinetics of the rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ and heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The biological activities of the MG63 cells on the three groups were investigated via cytotoxicity assay, cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, and calcium deposition determination. Statistical comparisons were carried out by one-way ANOVA test. Differences were considered statistically significant at $^*$P<.05 and $^{**}$P<.001. RESULTS. The heparinized rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ showed more sustained release compared to the rhBMP-2-Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ over an extended time. In the measurement of the ALP activity, the heparinized group showed a significantly higher ALP activity when compared with the non-heparinized groups (P<.05). The MG63 cells cultivated in the group with rhBMP-2 showed increased calcium deposition, and the MG63 cells from the heparinized group increased more than those that were cultivated in the non-heparinized groups. CONCLUSION. Heparin increased the rhBMP-2 release amount and made sustained release possible, and heparinized Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ with rhBMP-2 successfully improved the osteoblastic functions.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 1998

The antitumor effects of mice fed with cell lysate of Lactobacillus plantarum were studied. The abdominal cancer induced by Sarcoma-180 was markedly inhibited and the expected life span was extended by 60% for the Balb/c mice fed with L. plantarum cell lysate for two weeks. A similar result was obtained for the rat inoculated with Spontaneous Osteosarcoma(SOS). The primary tumor volume of SOS was reduced by 70% for the rats fed with L. plantarum cell lysate (100mg/kg/day) for one week before the inoculation of SOS, while only 42% for the rats fed with the same amount of cell lysate for one week after the inoculation of tumor cell line, SOS. As lung was the metastasis site of SOS, the weight of lung was measured to determine the degree of metastasis inhibition by the L. plantarum cell lysate feeding. The rats fed with cell lysate for one week showed a remarkable inhibition of lung metastasis by 63%(before) and 46%(after), respectively. These results indicate that the feeding of L. plantarum cell lysate to mouse or rat can induce a strong stimulation of mucosal or systemic immune system and these effects results in an efficient antitumor activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.425-430
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• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of extraction conditions of yam (Dioscorea aimadoimo) on antioxidant, moisturizing, collagenase activity, proliferation, and migration. Yam has been recognized as a healthy food due to its various biological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-constipation, anti-mutagenic activities, as well as its ability to decrease blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Electron donating ability of high temperature ethanol extract of Dioscorea aimadoimo (HDA) had shown 70.6% at 400 mg/ml, and low temperature ethanol extract of Dioscorea aimadoimo (LDA) had shown 40% at 400 mg/ml. SOD-like activities of LDA and HDA were 23% and 34% at 400 mg/ml respectively. LDA significantly reduced the activity of collagenase in a dose-dependent manner, which was higher than HDA. The water contents in LDA-treated skin and HDA-treated skin were increased by 45.63% and 38.65% than the placebo cream respectively. The cellular proliferation of human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) was evaluated by MTT and cell migration assay. Compared to control, the cell proliferation was elevated to 109.7% and 114% by the treatment of LDA and HDA respectively at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. In addition, LDA and HDA were induced cell migration in HDFn. Our study suggests that LDA and HDA should be a very useful cosmetic ingredient, as anti-aging and skin moisturizer.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2018

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is defined by a cluster of major cardiovascular risk factors: obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. Several members of a large family of nonselective cation entry channels, e.g., transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels have been associated with the development of dyslipidemia and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Leejung-tang (Lizhong-tang), Rikkunshito, and Bojungikgi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang) on TRPV4 channel. Methods: Human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with the TRPV4 expression vectors were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, $5{\mu}g/mL$ blasticidin, and 0.4 mg/mL zeocin in a humidified 20% $O_2/10%$ $CO_2$ atmosphere at $37^{\circ}C$. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained using an Axopatch 700B amplifier and pClamp v.10.4 software (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA), and signals were digitalized at 5 kHz using Digidata 1422A. Results: Leejung-tang and Rikkunshito (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) had no effects on the TRPV4 whole-cell currents at dose dependent manner. However, Bojungikgi-tang (10, 30, and 50 mg/mL) inhibited the TRPV4 whole-cell currents in a dose dependent manner and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Bojungikgi-tang was 18.2 mg/mL. Conclusions: These results suggest that Bojungikgi-tang plays an important roles to inhibit the TRPV4 channel, suggesting that Bojungikgi-tang is considered one of the candidate agents for the treatment of metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia and hypertension.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.291-295
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• 2020

참기름 제조의 부산물인 참깨박의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 효소 처리에 의한 참깨박 불용성 단백질의 추출 조건을 조사하였다. 단백질 분해효소인 Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex의 처리 결과를 대조구와 비교한 결과 Protamex가 고형분과 단백질 함량 증가에 효과적이었다. Protamex의 반응 조건(50 ℃, pH 6.0)에서 효소의 사용량은 탈지 참깨박의 1%, 효소반응시간은 3시간이 적당하였다. 효소 처리 효율을 향상시키기 위하여 참깨박을 열처리하면, 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 추출되는 단백질 함량은 증가하였으며 110이상에서는 미미하게 증가하였다. 세포벽 분해효소(Tunicase)와 단백질 분해효소의 병용처리가 단백질 가용화에 미치는 효과를 조사한 결과, 단백질 분해효소를 처리한 다음에 세포벽 분해효소를 처리하는 것이 가장 효과적이었다. 열처리(110 ℃, 10분) 후 Protamex와 Tunicase를 순차적인 처리로 단백질 함량이 열처리와 효소처리하지 않은 대조구의 약 3.6배(9.85→35.58 mg/mL), 열처리만 실시한 대조구의 약 2.2배(15.83→35.58 mg/mL) 증가하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

BTEX 분해능을 가진 BJ10세균을 이용하여 호기조건에서 toluene 첨가 시 tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 분해에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. BJ10은 형태학적 특징, 생리 생화학적 특징, 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석 및 지방산 분석 결과에 따라 Pseudomonas putida로 동정되었다. BJ10의 PCE 저농도 5 mg/L에서 PCE 분해 실험 결과(toluene 첨가 기질 농도 50mg/L, 균초기 접종농도 1.0g/L, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH7 그리고 DO $3.0{\sim}4.2\;mg/L$), 10일간 52.8%의 분해 효율을 보였으며, PCE 분해 속도는 5.9 nmol/hr로 나타났다. 또한 BJ10의 PCE 고농도 100 mg/L에서 PCE 분해 실험 결과 (toluene 첨가 기질 농도 50 mg/L, 균 초기 접종 농도 1.0 g/L, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7 그리고 DO $3.0{\sim}4.2\;mg/L$), 10일간 20.3%의 분해 효율을 보였으며, PCE 분해 속도는 46.0 nmol/hr로 나타났다. Toluene 첨가 농도에 따른 PCE 분해 효율 증감 효과를 알아보기 위하여, 동일한 배양 조건하에 10 mg/L의 PCE에 toluene ($5{\sim}200\;mg/L$)을 첨가하여 분해 실험을 실시한 결과, toluene 200 mg/L 첨가시 10일간 57.0%의 PCE가 분해되어 가장 높은 제거 효율을 보였다. 또한 PCE 5.5 mg/L(총 7.6 mg/L)를 추가적으로 주입하여 동일조건하에서 PCE 분해를 확인하였으며 결과적으로 8일 동안 63.0%의 PCE가 분해되었다. 이 때의 PCE 분해 속도는 13.5 nmol/hr로 초기의 분해속도(8.1 nmol/hr)보다 증가되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2015

본 연구는 흰 민들레의 기능성 식의약품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여, 흰 민들레 꽃, 잎, 뿌리의 부위별 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 항산화 활성 및 암세포에 대한 세포독성 효과를 분석하였다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출조건에 따른 추출수율은 꽃, 잎, 뿌리가 각각 $32.15{\pm}3.21%$, $31.63{\pm}0.63%$, $27.48{\pm}2.47%$로서, 꽃 > 잎 > 뿌리의 순으로 나타났다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물에서의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 꽃 추출물에서 $61.29{\pm}2.11mg/g$으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 그 다음이 잎($43.52{\pm}2.34mg/g$), 뿌리($11.36{\pm}1.87mg/g$) 순으로 나타났다. 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물에서의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 같은 경향으로 꽃 ($46.11{\pm}1.88mg/g$), 잎($24.89{\pm}1.20mg/g$), 뿌리($6.31{\pm}1.22mg/g$)의 순으로 각각 나타났다. DPPH 라디컬 소거활성으로 분석한 흰 민들레 부위별 에탄올 추출물의 전자공여능은 추출물 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 꽃, 잎 및 뿌리 에탄올 추출물 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 각각 $89.99{\pm}2.83%$, $85.29{\pm}2.22%$, $37.88{\pm}2.34%$로 꽃 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량이 DPPH 라디컬 소거능과 관련이 있음을 보여주었다. MTT법에 의한 흰 민들레 부 위별 에탄올 추출물 400 mg/kg 첨가시 위암 세포주(AGS), 폐암 세포주(A-549) 및 대장암 세포주(HCT-116)에 대한 세포독성 효과를 확인한 결과, 위암 세포주(AGS)에서 꽃($62.85{\pm}4.63%$), 잎($47.83{\pm}4.22%$), 뿌리($4.73{\pm}0.89%$)의 순으로, 대장암 세포주(HCT-116)에서 꽃($69.89{\pm}3.44%$), 잎($54.14{\pm}2.82%$), 뿌리($9.42{\pm}1.11%$)의 순으로, 폐암 세포주(A-549)에서 꽃($85.72{\pm}4.17%$), 잎($71.79{\pm}2.98%$), 뿌리($19.10{\pm}2.04%$)의 순으로 모든 암 세포주들에 대하여 꽃 부위 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높았으며, 뿌리에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났고, 모두 농도 의존적으로 항암활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과, 국내에서 재배되고 있는 흰 민들레는 향후 기능성 식의약품 소재로서의 이용에 있어 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.