• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

This study was carried out to get efficient of nutrient removal effects on the treatment of paper making wastewater using submerged biological film process. The concentration of average BOD at raw wastewater was $324mg/{\ell}$ and COD was $435mg/{\ell}$. The average BOD of effluent was maintained $24.2mg/{\ell}$ and average COD was $37mg/{\ell}$. The concentration of average T-N at raw wastewater was $16.5mg/{\ell}$ and T-P was $1.2mg/{\ell}$. The average T-P of effluent was maintained $2.3mg/{\ell}$ and average T-P was $0.08mg/{\ell}$. The concentration of average SS at influent wastewater was $263mg/{\ell}$. The average SS of effluent was maintained $28.2mg/{\ell}$. The result of this experiment was wastage sludge did generated and the removal efficiency of nutrients were kept equilibrium.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되는 63종의 한약재 열수 추출물의 S. mutans에 대한 항균효과를 paper disc method로 검색하여, 항균효과가 우수한 지부자, 황금의 S. mutans 생장에 관한 영향을 평가하였다. 1. 63종의 한국산 한약재 열수 추출물의 향균효과를 탐색한 결과 S. mutans에 대한 향균력이 우수한 순서는 지부자, 황금순이었다. Paper disc method에 의한 항균활성 측정(20mg/ml 투여)결과는 지부자가 6.3mm, 황금이 3.5mm이었다. 2. 한약재 추출물의 S. mutans 생장에 대한 효과는 대조군이 8시간에서 1.05로 최대 생장률을 보였으나, 지부자, 황금 추출물 2mg/ml을 투여한 배지에서는 16시간 만에 0.91, 0.87로 최대 생장을 보였다. 3. S. mutans를 8시간 동안 배양한 후 배지내 pH를 측정한 결과 대조군은 5.08 이었으며, 지부자, 황금 추출물이 투여된 배지는 5.80, 5.74이었다. 4. S. mutans를 8시간 동안 배양한 후 배지내 탄수화물 변화량을 측정한 결과 대조군은 0.81mg/ml이었으며, 지부자, 황금 추출물이 투여된 배지는 1.70mg/ml, 1.84mg/ml 이었다. 5. S. mutans를 8시간 동안 배양한 후 배지내 단백질 변화량을 측정한 결과 대조군은 8.39mg/ml 이었으며, 지부자, 황금 추출물이 투여된 배지는 9.52mg/ml, 9.28mg/ml 이었다. 6. S. mutans의 다당류 생성에 미치는 효과는 대조군의 경우 배양 8시간에 300mg/100ml을 생성하였으나, 지부자, 황금 추출물이 투여된 배지에서는 200mg/100ml, 220mg/100ml을 생성하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2006

Hydrogen peroxide has been a bleaching chemical for varied pulp, especially mechanical and deinking pulp. It is catalytically decomposed by some transition metals in pulp slurry. In this paper, some metals which can be contained in pulp such as manganese, copper, iron, magnesium and calcium were used to investigate their effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. From the result, hydrogen peroxide was more decomposed in the order of Mn, Cu, $Fe^{3+}\;and\;Fe^{2+}$, while Mg and Ca had little effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of Mg/Mn ratio on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was also investigated. At the specific ratio of them(Mg/Mn=10), hindering effect of peroxide decomposition by Mg was decreased.

• 한국인공지능학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive scheme for assessing the importance of multiple microgrids (MGs) network that includes distributed energy resources (DERs), renewable energy systems (RESs), and energy storage system (ESS) facilities. Due to the uncertainty of severe weather, large-scale cascading failures are inevitable in energy networks. making the assessment of the structural vulnerability of the energy network an attractive research theme. This attention has led to the identification of the importance of measuring energy nodes. In multiple MG networks, the energy nodes are regarded as one MG. This paper presents a modified PageRank algorithm to assess the importance of MGs that include multiple DERs and ESS. With the importance rank order list of the multiple MG networks, the core MG (or node) of power production and consumption can be identified. Identifying such an MG is useful in preventing cascading failures by distributing the concentration on the core node, while increasing the effective link connection of the energy flow and energy trade. This scheme can be applied to identify the most profitable MG in the energy trade market so that the deployment operation of the MG connection can be decided to increase the effectiveness of energy usages. By identifying the important MG nodes in the network, it can help improve the resilience and robustness of the power grid system against large-scale cascading failures and other unexpected events. The proposed algorithm can point out which MG node is important in the MGs power grid network and thus, it could prevent the cascading failure by distributing the important MG node's role to other MG nodes.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opacity and printing strength of MG paper overlaid plywood. The printing strength of ink on MG paper can be evaluated effectively by a formula $E^{*2}=[(L^{*})^{2}+(a^{*})^{2}+(b^{*})^{2}]^{1/2}$ that we proposed. Higher E value indicates good printing strength of ink-on-paper. We also assess the real color of translucent printed MG paper with a formula CIE ${\bigtriangleup}E^{*}$ (color difference between a pile of same paper to be opaque and fancy paper laminated board). In addition, the color difference on paper surface caused by the color of wood-based board (bottom) can be evaluated by a formula of Pc. No. Generally, an acceptable appearance quality of fancy boards is ${\bigtriangleup}E^{*}$ <2.0 and small Pc.No. value. The experimental results showed that Japan-made MG papers -J1, J2 and J3 have better printing strength and gloss than that of Taiwan-made paper (T1). The reason for this was that Taiwan-made paper has poor printing strength and low gloss, which might be correlated to the fiber compositions in paper. Higher printing strength can be seen for short fiber containing handsheets when comparing to that of handsheets. Nonetheless, low-freeness sheets gives better printing strength than that of high-freeness sheets. High-opacity MG paper gives good opacifying effect to the fancy paper laminated wood-based boards. Comparing the surface color of 2 kinds of fancy paper laminated boards, paperboard T1 laminated with high-opacity fancy paper showed slight color difference. The same results can be seen for $??g/m^{2}$ handsheets. Higher-opacity Acacia and Eucalyptus bleached sulfate pulps (short fiber) gives higher opacifying effect on the plywood when comparing to Northan pine and Radiata pine sulfate pulps(long fiber). The former ones also showed small color differences when comparing the color differences between the color of fancy paper and laminated paper board. Additionally, the color of bottom plywood can't be shown through for the high-opacify surface paper adhered to. Besides, the PC No of the base paper laminated board is small as well. Apparently, we can add colorants to the binders for the manufscture of various handsheets ($30g/m^{2}$) with various pulp mix ratios to increase the opacity of paperboards to certain extents. When we using yellow and brown binders in paper laminated board, the color difference between Acacia and Eucalyptus handsheets overlaid boards decreasing to 2.0 (acceptable ${\bigtriangleup}E^{*}$ <2.0, hard to discern), but not much improvement for Northern and Radiata pines. Definitely, show-through defects can be discernible for lower opacity papers. In general, admirable printing strength of fancy paper by which glued to plywood can be made with high-opacity paper and colored binders techniques.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2016

본 실험은 식용 가능한 약용식물을 대상으로 하여 항균 활성을 검색하였다. 미생물에 대하여 약용 식물을 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL의 농도로 하여 paper disc agar diffusion assay로 항균 활성을 검색한 결과 소목 추출물에서 가장 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 이에 따라 소목의 에탄올 추출물과 열수 추출물을 각각 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL의 농도로 하여 paper disc agar diffusion assay로 항균 활성을 검색한 결과 소목 추출물은 그람 양성균에서 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었고, 소목의 에탄올 추출물이 소목의 열수 추출물보다 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 소목 에탄올 추출물과 열수 추출물의 각 분획물을 50 mg/mL의 농도로 하여 paper disc agar diffusion assay로 항균 활성을 검색한 결과 그람 양성균은 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 층에서 항균 활성을 나타내었고, 그람 음성균은 항균 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 소목의 항균 물질로 추정되는 brazilin은 주로 에틸아세테이트 분획층에 존재하므로 소목 에탄올 추출물에서 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올의 항균 활성이 유사한 점으로 미루어 brazilin 외에도 다양한 항균 물질이 존재하여 이들이 복합적으로 작용하여 항균 활성을 나타내는 것으로 생각한다. 현재까지 가장 강력한 항생제로 알려진 vancomycin과의 항균 활성을 비교한 결과 50 mg/mL 농도에서 소목 75% 에탄올 추출물의 항균 활성은 vancomycin 2.5 mg/mL를 사용하였을 때와 유사한 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 소목의 추출물을 가지고 미생물에 대한 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과 C. difficile KCTC 5009, L. monocytogens ATCC 19115의 최소저해농도는 0.06 mg/mL였고, S. aureus KCTC 1916에 대한 최소저해농도는 0.03 mg/mL였다. Vancomycin의 유효혈청농도는 0.005~0.04 mg/mL로 견줄만한 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 소목추출물을 가지고 열 및 pH 안정성을 측정한 결과는 항균력은 C. difficile KCTC 5009, L. monocytogens ATCC 19115, S. aureus KCTC 1916에서 모두 대조구와 비슷하게 억제환이 생성되어 소목 추출물의 항균성 물질은 열 및 pH에 대체로 안정한 결과를 보여주었다. 상기 결과들을 종합해 볼 때 소목 에탄올 추출물이 그람 양성균에 대해 항균활성이 뛰어난 것으로 보아 소목을 그람 양성의 병원성 미생물을 억제하기 위한 항균제제 및 기능성 식품의 소재로써 활용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권19호
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• pp.3-22
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• 1998

The effect of pH on degradation of paper by some fungi, which able to degrade cellulose, was investigated. Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus nigerand Penicillium nigulosum were cultured at $28^{\circ}C$ for 16 days in the selective medium (PH3, PH4, PH5, PH6, PH7, PH8, PH9, PH10, PHC) containing paper as substrate. Each paper was pretreated with each pH buffer (pH 3∼pH 10, D.W.)prior to addition to the selective medium. Enzyme activities in the each culture medium were measured spectroph to metrically using C.M.C., Avicel, PNPG as the substrates for endoglucanase, exoglucanase and $\beta$-glucosidase, respectively. In all experimental fungi, the enzyme activities of PH3 and PH9 medium were usually much higher than those of other experimental groups. However in the PH6medium, enzyme activity was lower than other groups. To analyze the concentration and pattern of protein in the each culture medium, the medium was concentrated by lyophilization. The protein concentration of PH3 and PH9 medium were relatively high (T.koningii; 6.31mg, 6,19mg, A.niger; 1.62mg, 1.96mg, P.nigulosum;2.50mg, 2.73mg, respectively), but that of PH6 was relatively low. The protein pattern of each medium was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and VDS Image Master Analysis Program. The concentrations of bands in the each lane were usually high at lane2 (PH3) and lane8 (PH9) and low at lane5 (PH6). Therefore, the incresed cellulolytic activity of fungus against acidified paper could be result of structural change and deterioration of paper caused by being acidified.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

본 연구는 벌나무 에탄올 추출물의 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균 및 항산화 활성을 검증하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거효능과 FRAP법을 사용한 환원력을 측정하여 벌나무 에탄올 추출물의 항산화활성을 검증하였고, Paper disc법, MIC 및 MBC법을 통하여 황색포도상구균에 대한 벌나무 에탄올 추출물의 항균 활성을 검증하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 266.66 ㎍ GAE/mg와 6.46 ㎍ QE/mg이었다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적 소거능을 보였고, 벌나무 에탄올 추출물의 RC₅₀ 값은 각각 21.49, 12.81 ㎍/mL이었다. 환원력을 평가하기 위해 수행된 FRAP 분석에서 벌나무 추출물은 0.73 ± 0.19 mM FeSO₄ E/mg의 효능을 보여주었다. Paper disc법을 이용한 황색포도상구균에 대한 벌나무 추출물의 항균 활성은 2 mg에서 3 mm의 저해환을 보여주었으며, 최소 저해농도 연구에서는 1 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서 80% 이상의 억제력을 보여주었고, 16 mg/mL 이상의 농도에서 최소저해 농도를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 최소살균농도 연구에서는 32 mg/mL에서 최소살균농도를 확인할 수 있었다. 벌나무 추출물을 사용한 항산화 및 황색포도상구균에 대한 항균 활성을 확인한 결과 벌나무 추출물의 아토피피부염에 유효한 물질로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

We propose, in this paper, the discrete version of NBU$_{Mg}$and show that the NBU$_{Mg}$ class is preserved under both the non-homo geneous poisson shock model and the general shock model.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제5권
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• pp.39-42
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• 1964

1) 진석화(眞石花)젓은 그 수분함량(水分含量)이 생(生)굴에 비(比)하여 상당(相當)히 감소(減少)하여 농축(濃縮)된 상태(狀態)이며, glycogen의 함량(含量)도 격감(激減) 하였음에 반(反)하여 유리당(遊離糖)은 현저(顯著)하게 증가(增加)되었다. 2) Paper chromatography로 시료(試料) 즙액중(汁液中)에서 검출(檢出) 확인(確認)된 유리(遊離) 아미노산(酸)는 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cystine, serine, glycine, lysine, threonine histidine, alanine, arginine, valine, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, leucine, iso-leucine, tryptophan 등 17종(種)이 였으며, 영양상(榮養上) 필수(必須) amino acid를 전부(全部) 함유(含有)하고 있었다. 3) 비색정량법(比色定量法)에 의(依)해서 정량(定量)된 시료(試料) 즙액중(汁液中) 유리(遊離) 아미노산(酸)의 함량(含量)은 Tyr. 0.264mg/ml, Arg. 0.304mg/ml, Try. 0.046mg/ml, His. 0.460mg/ml, Met. 0.350mg/ml, Cys. 0.440mg/ml, phe. 0.115mg/ml 이었다.