• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.362-370
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• 1995

Human plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL) is the main carrier for cholesterol, and recent studies suggest the normal LDL can be readily oxidized by free radical and not interact with LDL receptor. Lipoprotein pariticles are consisted of lipid andprotein, and fatty acids of lipoproteins are prone to oxidation. LDL particles readily undergo oxidative modification by copper. From the results, oxidized LDL altered its biological properties. A marked increase in the electrophoretic mobility of LDl on agarose gel indicated that negative surface charge of the LDL particles was increased. Also, the results from the HPLC showed that oxidized LDL was degraded into several polypeptides nonenzymatically. Degradation tests which measured the amount of 5-IAF labelled oxidized LDL were carried out by monocyte and hepatocyte cell culture. Hepatocyte cell culture of modified LDL did not show consistent pattern. However, binding rate of modified LDL with HMDM(human monocyte derived macrophage) was enhanced with oxidation, but was retarded by addition of antioxidants(hyaluronic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E). Also comparisons of oxidized-LDL, acetyl-LDL and MDA-LDL showed significant differences in the chemical properteis and binding affinity to HMDM. Thus, modificaition of normal LDL altered its biological properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.883-889
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• 2008

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) has been identified as an important component of atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of supplementation with cholesterol (0.5%), olive oil (5%) and vitamin E (0.05%) on erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol, brain and liver MDA and GSH concentrations of rats were investigated. A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley male rats aged 6 months, and of equal body weight were used and fed a standard ration ad libitum. Animals were housed in the University of Selcuk, Veterinary Faculty Experimental Animals Unit. The experiment lasted 60 days and there were five experimental groups as follows: 1. Control, 2. Cholesterol (0.5%), 3. Olive oil (5%), 4. Cholesterol plus vitamin E (0.05%), 5. Olive oil plus vitamin E (0.05%). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture and erythrocyte GSH, plasma MDA, cholesterol, HDL-LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol and also GSH and MDA concentrations in brain and liver tissue of rats were spectrophotometrically determined. Supplementation of olive oil and cholesterol into rat diets (groups 2 and 3) caused significant differences in lipid parameters; HDL cholesterol concentrations were increased in the olive oil group and LDL cholesterol was lower than in the cholesterol fed group. Moreover, these decreases in LDL and triacylglycerol concentrations were more significant with vitamin E supplementation. The high plasma MDA concentrations showed that lipid peroxidation occurred in the olive oil group and the highest brain MDA concentrations were determined also in the olive oil group. These findings suggest that vitamin E addition may decrease the sensitivities of several oils to oxidation and that monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil may decrease the incidence of atherosclerosis by regulating blood lipid profiles.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 1997

1% linoleic acid를 함유하는 수용성 완충용액과 LDL(low-density lipoprotein, 1 mg protein/ml)을 함유하는 수용성 완충용액 각각에 $H_2O_2$와 $FeCl_2$를 가하여 유발된 산화과정 중 한국산 홍삼 extract(red ginseng extract; RGE)에 대한 산화방지활성을 비교물질로 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$을 사용하여, HPLC를 이용한 MDA(malondialdehyde) 정량법과 fluorometry를 이용하여 측정 비교하였다. LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml)에서 생성된 conjugated diene도 spectrometry로 측정하였다. Linoleic acid를 기질로 사용한 경우, MDA 생성량으로 비교한 산화방지효과에 있어서 1000 ppm RGE의 첨가로 71.8%의 우수한 산화저해율이 나타났으며, 이때 비교물질로 사용한 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$의 경우에는 76.1%이었다. LDL(1 mg/ml)을 기질로 사용하였을 경우에는 RGE 200 ppm 첨가시 가장 우수한 항산화효과가 나타났으며, 이때의 산화저해율은 25.2%이었고, 100 ppm ${\alpha}-tocopherol$의 경우는 21.2%이었다. 또한 LDL(0.25 mg protein/ml)을 기질로 사용하여 생성된 c-diene을 측정한 경우에도 50 ppm RGE의 첨가로 44.2% 저해효과가 입증되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.104-108
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• 2002

우리밀과 수입밀의 PBS 추출물의 LDL 산화 억제 효과를 비교하였고, 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 가토의 조직중 지질과 산화 및 대동맥의 조직 변화를 측정함으로써 우리밀이 동맥경화의 진행 양상 변화에 어떠한 효과가 있는지 검토하였다. 밀 추출물의 LDL 산화 억제 효과는 우리밀과 수입밀이 각각 62.5%, 52.8%로 나타나 우리밀 추출물의 LDL 산화 억제 효과가 수입밀에 비해 약간 높았다. 고콜레스테롤혈증 유발 가토의 간장중 TBARS 함량은 수입밀보다 우리밀 섭취시 낮게 나타나 우리밀이 지질 과산화를 억제하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 신장에서의 억제 효능은 비슷한 것으로 나타났다. 대동맥의 석회 침착 발생율은 대조군에 비해 낮았지만 우리밀과 수입밀의 섭취로 인한 뚜렷한 차이는 입증되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 추출물의 LDL 산화 억제 효과가 입증되었으며, 우리밀 섭취가 콜레스테롤 섭취로 인한 간장중 지질 과산화적 손상을 완화시키는데 기여함을 알 수 있었지만 우리밀과 수입밀 섭취로 인한 동맥경화 예방효과에 대한 뚜렷한 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.366-371
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the pentagalloic acid compound in inhibiting the metal ions and cell lines that mediate in low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Pentagalloic acid prolonged the lag time preceeding the onset of conjugated diene formation. In chemically induced LDL oxidation by Cu$^2$(sup)+ plus hydrogen peroxide or peroxyl radical generated by 2, 2-azo-vis (2-amidino propane) hydrochloride (AAPH), pentagalloic acid inhibited LDL oxidation as monitored by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), malondialdehyde(MDA), and gel electrophoretic mobility. The physiological relevance of the antioxidative activity was validated at the cellular level where pentagalloic acid inhibited mouse macrophage J774 and endothelial cell-mediated LDL oxidation. When compared with several other antioxidants, pentagalloic acid showed a much higher ability than naturally occuring antioxidants, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, and the synthetic antioxidant, probucol.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1576-1580
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• 2007

Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae, ACT) is an remarkable herbal plant that has been widely used in traditional oriental medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we have established a vascular aging model in rats by orally administrating excessive vitamin $D_2$ (500,000 IU/kg/day) for 4 days followed by feeding high cholesterol diet for 16 weeks and then rats were randomly divided into control group, high cholesterol diet (HCD) group, HCD+ACT (30 mg/kg) and HCD+ACT (60 mg/kg) group. ACT (30, 60) significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) content compared with HCD, but no significant differences in the serum lipids. Secondly, we measured the serum levels of Oxidized Low-dencity Lipoprotein (OxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in order to further investigate the anti-vascular aging mechanism of ACT. The results, ACT (30, 60) treatments decreased OxLDL, MDA　content　and increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity compared with HCD treatments. The results suggested that ACT inhibited OxLDL production rather than serum lipids lowering and that ACT could be used as potential anti-atherosclerotic agent in aged cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.943-947
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction method of phenolic compounds from Rubus coreanum and antioxidative activity. antioxidative activities of Rubus coreanum were tested with ability of donating hydrogen to DPPH, and HPLC, fluorometry which measure the amount of MDA after reacting linoleic acid with $H_2O$$_2$, and LDL with $H_2O$$_2$ and FeCl$_2$. The most suitable extraction conditions of the phenolic compounds from Rubus coreanum was 3 times with 60% ethanol, and the yield of extract containing 35% moisture was 15.28%. In extraction efficacy of phenolic compounds, 60% ethanol was superior to water as extraction solvent, and extraction efficacy with 60% ethanol did not differ from disolving by water after evaporation of 60% ethanol extract. 60% ethanol extract of Rubus coreanum had an ability of hydrogen donating to DPPH, MDA determination showed the antioxidative effect with inhibition ratio of 77.91% on linoleic acid oxidation by addition of Rubus coreanum extract with the concentration of 1.500 ppm. and about 65.74% of LDL oxidation was inhibited by addition of 1,000 ppm.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1034-1063
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• 2021

The experiment was designed as a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, including (i) pomegranate peel (zero, 4%, and 8 percent), (ii) oxidized soybean oil (zero, 2%, and 4 percent), and (iii) alpha-tocopherol (zero and 200 mg/kg). Supplementation of 8% pomegranate peel in diets significantly decreased the growth performance of broiler chickens. The supplementation of 4% oxidized oil in diets significantly reduced body weight gain and Feed intake whole experimental period (p < 0.05). The results showed that supplementation of 4% pomegranate peel in the diet was associated with low aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, 4% pomegranate peel increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The supplemental 4% oxidized oil increased the serum AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and MDA concentrations. TAC, SOD, and Catalase (CAT) activities were affected by 4% oxidized oil and alpha-tocopherol. The use of oxidized oil and vitamin E decreased MDA concentration. The serum glucose and globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the 8% pomegranate peel. The results showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel in diets reduced serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The inclusion of 4% oxidized oil in diets reduced serum glucose and increased the blood lipid concentration such as triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL. Vitamin E supplementation reduced the serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations. The use of 8% pomegranate peel reduced red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, and packed cell value (PCV). The results indicated that supplementation with 8% pomegranate peel and 4% oxidized oil in diets decreased the immunoglobulin concentration in broilers. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of 4% pomegranate peel in diets resulted in higher IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Pomegranate peel supplementation significantly decreased meat MDA concentration. Supplementation of 4% oxidized oil increased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Vitamin E supplementation (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased MDA of meat (p < 0.05). Consequently, the results of this experiment showed that supplementation with 4% pomegranate peel had beneficial effects on broiler chickens. It was also found that feeding 2% oxidized oil in diets had no adverse effect on broilers.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1214-1221
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• 1998

지질 산화에 의해 생성하는 MDA (malondialdehyde)를 thiobarbituric acid와 반응시켜 측정한 MDA 값은 곰취 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하므로서 추출물들에 의해 산화가 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 메탄올 추출물의 경우 $15\;{\mu}g/mL$농도로 첨가시 71.7% (13.36 nmol/㎎)의 산화억제율을 나타내었으며 분획물의 경우 ethyl acetate 분획물이 동일농도에서 97% (1.35 nmol/mg)의 억제율을 나타내었다. 산화시간에 따른 MDA 값의 변화는 $25\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도를 첨가시 에탄올, 메탄올 및 물 추출물의 경우 4시간까지 산화를 억제하였으며 분획물의 경우에는 $20\;{\mu}g/mL$의 농도를 첨가시 ethyl acetate 분획물이 8시간까지 강한 항산화효과를 나타내었다. Agarose gel electrophoresis에서는 에탄올, 메탄올 그리고 물 추출물 모두 항산화 효과가 인정되었다. 지질산화에 의해 생성되는 conjugated diene은 곰취 추출물의 경우 $Cu^{2+}$로 산화시켰을 때 대조에 비해 약 1.1배에서 2.8배까지 감소시키는 효과를 나타내었고 분획물의 경우 약 2.2배에서 3.2배까지의 감소효과를 나타냄으로서 강한 산화 억제효과를 나타내었다. SDS-PAGE를 이용하여 LDL내부에 존재하는 apo B-100부분에 대하여 산화에 따른 분해정도를 측정한 결과 에탄올, 메탄올 및 물 추출물이 천연 LDL의 band와 유사한 band를 나타내었다. Densitometer를 이용한 apo B-100함량은 천연 LDL의 함량을 100%로 하였을 때 에탄올, 메탄올 및 물 추출물의 경우 각각 77.8, 92.5 그리고 82.3%의 함량을 나타내었다. 분획물의 경우 헥산, ethyl acetate 및 물 분획물에서 각각 38.8, 94.5% 그리고 65.5%의 함량을 나타냄으로서 ethyl acetate 분획물이 강하게 산화를 억제함으로서 apo B-100의 분해를 막아주고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.497-500
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 홍미삼의 기능성 연구의 일환으로 총 페놀성 화합물의 추출방법과 DPPH에 대한 수소공여능, linoleic acid의 산화방지활성 및 LDL에 의한 항산화활성 등을 중심으로 연구한 결과이다. 홍미삼에 60% 에탄올를 첨가하여 추출회수별 총 페놀성 화합물을 조사한 결과 3회까지 추출했을 때 대부분이 추출되었기 때문에 추출횟수는 3회가 적당한 것으로 판단되었다. 60% 에탄올 추출액의 수율은 3회까지 추출했을 때 약 37.35%가 추출되었다. 추출 용매에 따른 총 페놀성 화합물의 추출 효율은 물 추출구를 100%로 했을 때, 60% 에탄올 용액으로 추출한 뒤 농축하여 물로 부피를 재조정한 시험구는 122%로 조사되었다. 항산화활성 조사에서 DPPH에 대한 수소공여능에서 시간이 경과함에 따라 항산화 활성이 약간씩 증가하나 활성은 약한 편이었다. Linoliec acid 산화에 대한 산화억제 효과는 1,500 ppm 농도에서 약 72.23%의 저해율을 나타났으며, LDL에 대한 산화방지 효과는 250 ppm 농도에서 그 저해율이 약 22.52%로 나타났다.