• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.1326-1338
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• 2017

The continuous energy Monte Carlo neutron transport code, MC21, was coupled to the CTF subchannel thermal-hydraulics code using a combination of Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water Reactors (CASL) tools and in-house Python scripts. An MC21/CTF solution for VERA Core Physics Benchmark Progression Problem 6 demonstrated good agreement with MC21/COBRA-IE and VERA solutions. The MC21/CTF solution for VERA Core Physics Benchmark Progression Problem 7, Watts Bar Unit 1 at beginning of cycle hot full power equilibrium xenon conditions, is the first published coupled Monte Carlo neutronics/subchannel T-H solution for this problem. MC21/CTF predicted a critical boron concentration of 854.5 ppm, yielding a critical eigenvalue of $0.99994{\pm}6.8E-6$ (95% confidence interval). Excellent agreement with a VERA solution of Problem 7 was also demonstrated for integral and local power and temperature parameters.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia, MC) has been used in traditional Korean medicine in treating diabetes. In addition, some reports were emerged, showing the antifertility activities of MC in mammals. We investigated the effects of ethanolic MC extract on the reproductive activity of golden hamsters whose spermatogenetic capacity is controlled by their photoperiods. The animals were divided into 4 groups: long photoperiod (LP) control, short photoperiod (SP) control, and LP animals treated with MC. The animals were orally ingested with low (0.03 g/kg) or high (0.15 g/kg) concentrations of the ethanolic extracts for 8 weeks on the daily basis. The control animals received the vehicle. The animals were then mated with age-matched females, experienced pregnancy. As results, the LP control animals showed active large testes but SP control animals displayed remarkably reduced testes. The animals treated with both concentrations of MC extracts demonstrated large testes, indicating fertile activity as animals in LP. LP control animals had litters as expected, but SP controls had no litters at all. MC extract showed the same results as LP animals in generating offsprings. These results suggest that the MC extract does not change the photoperiodic influence on reproductive activity of male golden hamsters.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

We propose 2-channel filter bank method instead of FFT method to decrease sub-channel interference for using of efficient frequency resource in MC-CDMA method. Since a prototype filter of filter bank having wavelet characteristic is designed having more less side-lobe, the nearest co-channel interference and inter symbol interference are decreased efficiently. Since the spreading signal of suggesting MC-CDMA system is being demanded for less chip rate and is not being considering for autocorrelation characteristic, the Walsh code can be used as a optimal orthogonal signal set. We consider bit error rate and signal to noise ratio to estimate the performance of suggested system on condition that white noise channel and arbitrary sinusoidal jammer are existing. As a result of comparing to traditional FFT-based MC-CDMA simulation result, our suggested system has shown better performance than traditional MC-CDMA method on the side of minimizing interference effect.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Deep neural networks(DNN), which are used as approximation functions in reinforcement learning (RN), theoretically can be attributed to realistic results. In empirical benchmark works, time difference learning (TD) shows better results than Monte-Carlo learning (MC). However, among some previous works show that MC is better than TD when the reward is very rare or delayed. Also, another recent research shows when the information observed by the agent from the environment is partial on complex control works, it indicates that the MC prediction is superior to the TD-based methods. Most of these environments can be regarded as 5-step Q-learning or 20-step Q-learning, where the experiment continues without long roll-outs for alleviating reduce performance degradation. In other words, for networks with a noise, a representative network that is regardless of the controlled roll-outs, it is better to learn MC, which is robust to noisy rewards than TD, or almost identical to MC. These studies provide a break with that TD is better than MC. These recent research results show that the way combining MC and TD is better than the theoretical one. Therefore, in this study, based on the results shown in previous studies, we attempt to exploit a random balance with a mixture of TD and MC in RL without any complicated formulas by rewards used in those studies do. Compared to the DQN using the MC and TD random mixture and the well-known DQN using only the TD-based learning, we demonstrate that a well-performed TD learning are also granted special favor of the mixture of TD and MC through an experiments in OpenAI Gym.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.93-108
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• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate effects of McKenzie exercise on the functional recovery and forward head posture of chronic neck pain patients. Methods : The subjects were consisted of fifteen patients who had abnormal neck posture, mild neck pain (28 males, 17 females; mean aged 21.9) from 19 to 33 years of age(mean age 21.9). All subjects were received McKenzie exercise for 35 minutes with clinical massage per day three times a week during 4 weeks period. Neck disability index was used to measure functional disability level. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to measure subjective pain level. craniovetebral angle(CVA), cranial rotation angle(CRA) was used to measure forward head posture with digital camera. All measurements of each patients were measured at pre-treatment and after 2 week, after 4 week, post-treatment on 2 week. Result : The VAS of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The Neck Disability Index of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CVA of McKenzie exercise was significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05) and effects of pain reduce was continued follow 2 weeks. The CRA of McKenzie exercise was not significantly reduced between pre-treatment and post-treatment (p<.05). Conclusion : McKenzie exercise improved pain and function of Chronic neck pain patients.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.21 no.7 s.221
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• pp.42-45
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• 2001

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2017

Recently, distributed compressed video sensing (DCVS) has been actively studied in order to achieve a low complexity video encoder by integrating both compressed sensing and distributed video coding characteristics. Conventionally, a motion compensated block compressed sensing with smoothed projected Landweber (MC-BCS-SPL) has been considered as an effective scheme of DCVS with all compressed sensing frames pursuing the simplest sampling. In this scheme, video frames are separately classified into key frames and WZ frames. However, when reconstructing WZ frame with conventional MC-BCS-SPL scheme at the decoder side, the visual qualities are poor for temporally active video sequences. In this paper, to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional scheme, an enhanced MC-BCS-SPL algorithm is proposed, which corrects the initial image with reference to the key frame using a high correlation between adjacent key frames. The proposed scheme is analyzed with respect to GOP (Group of Pictures) structuring method. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than conventional MC-BCS-SPL in rate-distortion.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.17-21
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• 1991

A rigid polymer, cellulose triacetate (CTA) dissolved in a combination of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and methylene chloride (MC) solution are liguid crystalline above a certain concentration. A flexible polymer, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) also dissolves in TFA/MC, but does not form liguid crystal phase. Ternary solutions, CTA/PET/TFA-MC which CTA and PET were mixed in a same solvent TFA/MC (6/4 : v/v) showed phase separation and mesophase formation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.669-684
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• 1997

Polypeptide growth factors belong to a class of potent biologic mediators which regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and metabolism. IGF-I is polypeptides secreted by skeletal cells and is considered as regulators of bone formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of IGF-I on bone nodule formation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded at $1{\times}10^4$ cells/well, $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in alpha-modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 mM ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ and $5O{\mu}g/ml$ of ascorbic acid. Before 48 hours of indicated time, medium were changed with serum free medium. After 24 hours, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml IGF-I were added to the cells and cultured for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. And histochemical analysis was done and ALP activity was measured and was expressed as nmol/min/mg of protein. The bone nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 cells of IGF-I was seen at 21, 28 days, but there were no difference between control group and experimental groups. The ALP activity decreased when it is compare to control 2 group except for 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml IGF-I of 21-day-groups and 1 ng/ml IGF-I of 28-day-groups. Dose response effects of IGF-I of ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells were seen the highest ALP activity at 1ng/ml until 21days and the highest ALP activity at 10 ng/ml of 28 daygroups. The peak times were seen at 7-day group, 14-day group on control group and experimental group respectively, and 1 ng/ml group was the highest ALP activity, From the above results, IGF-I was not seen notable effect on bone nodule formation and decreased ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 cells but the use of IGF-I to mediate biological stimulation of MC3T3-E1 cells shows promise for future therapeutic application.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 1989

The MC-50 cyclotron at Korea Canter Center Hospital is now operational for neutron therapy and medical radioisotope production. Design features, mechanical structures and operating characteristics of the MC-50 are described in this paper. Optimum operating condition for this cyclotron has been determined by the repetitive running, and the performances of the internal beam have been investigated through the measurements of intensity and spatial distribution of the internal beam as a function of the radius of the cyclotron. Routinely, the 40 $\mu$A of 50 MeV protons have been obtained at first Faraday cup with a extraction efficiency of 61%.