• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.6
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• pp.911-920
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• 2009

Airbone software must comply the DO-178B standard in order to be certified by the FAA. The standard requires the unit testing of safety-critical software to meet the coverage criterion called MC/DC(Modified Condition/Decision Coverage). Although MC/DC is known to be effective in finding errors related to safety, it is also true that generating test cases which satisfy the MC/DC criterion is not easy. This paper presents a tool named MD-SAT which generates MC/DC test cases with SAT(SATisfiability) technology. It can be employed for generating diverse test cases in tools implementing various testing techniques including decision table based test, cause-effect graphing, and state-based test.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.324-328
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• 1998

This paper is aimed to study the computer simulation of sintering process for ceramics by Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics methods. Plural mechanisms of mass transfer were designed in the MC simulation of sintering process for micron size particles; the transfer of pore lattices for shrinkage and the transfer of solid lattices for grain growth ran in the calculation arrays. The MD simulation was performed in the case of nano size particles of ionic ceramics and showed the characteristic features in sintering process at atomic levels. The MC and MD simulations for sintering process are useful for microstructural design for ceramics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 2003

Enantioselectivity of the propranolol on β-cyclodextrin was simulated by molecular modeling. Monte Carlo (MC) docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of enantioselective difference of both enantiomeric complexes. An energetic analysis of MC docking simulations coupled to the MD simulations successfully explains the experimental elution order of propranolol enantiomers. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that average energy difference between the enantiomeric complexes, frequently used as a measure of chiral recognition, depends on the length of the simulation time. We found that, only in case of much longer MD simulations, noticeable chiral separation was observed.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1756-1760
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• 2006

LTPS technology based on SLS Crystallization was intensively reviewed. LTPS structure produced by SLS crystallization is composed of much larger grains compared with conventional ELA crystallization structure, which can give higher TFT performances. However, TFT performance uniformity and anisotropy problem should be solved for it to be used in mass production. TFT performance uniformity was from main grain boundary position and could be solved by equal defect area structure $(EDAS^{TM})$. TFT performance anisotropy could be also solved by multi-channel (MC) structure that can make parallel component in perpendicular channel direction. The higher TFT performances from SLS technology can make superior optical and/or electrical properties and has been adopted in mass production successfully.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

We have investigated the microstructural properties of a weakly charged polyelectrolyte modeled with both Hookean spring and Debye-Huckel potential, by employing a novel hybrid scheme of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Although the off-lattice pivot step facilitates the earlier computations stage, it gives rise to oscillations and hinders the stable equilibrium state. In order to overcome this problem, we adopt the MC off-lattice pivot step in early stage only, and then switch the computation to a pure MD step. The result shows that the computational speed-up compared to the previous method is entirely above 10 to 50, without loss of the accuracy. We examined the conformations of polyelectrolyte in solvents in terms of the end-to-end distance, radius of gyration, and structure factor with variations of the screening effects of solvent and the monomer charges. The emphasis can favorably be given on the elongation behavior of a polyelectrolyte chain, with observing the simultaneous snapshots.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

To calculate and predict soil carbon budget and cycle, it is important to understand the complex interrelationships involved in soil respiration rate (Rs). We attempted to reveal relationships between Rs and key environmental factors, such as soil temperature, using a laboratory incubation method. Soil samples were collected from mature deciduous (MD), mature coniferous (MC), immature deciduous (ID), and immature coniferous (IC) forests. Prior to measure, soils were pre-incubated for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$ and 60% of maximum water holding capacity (WHC). Samples of gasses were collected with 0, 2, and 4 h interval after the beginning of the measurement at soil temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and $35^{\circ}C$ (at 60% WHC). Air samples were collected using a syringe attached to the cap of closed bottles that contained the soil samples. The $CO_2$ concentration of each gas sample was measured by gas chromatography. Rs was strongly correlated with soil temperature (r, 0.93 to 0.96; P < 0.001). For MD, MC, ID, and IC soils taken from 0-5 cm below the surface, exponential functions explained 90%, 82%, 92%, and 86% of the respective data plots. The temperature and Rs data for soil taken from 5-10 cm beneath the surface at MD, MC, ID, and IC sites also closely fit exponential functions, with 83%, 95%, 87%, and 89% of the data points, respectively, fitting an exponential curve. The soil organic content in mature forests was significantly higher than in soils from immature forests (P < 0.001 at 0-5 cm and P < 0.005 at 5-10 cm) and surface layer (P = 0.04 at 0-5 cm and P = 0.12). High soil organic matter content is clearly associated with high Rs, especially in the surface layer. We determined that the incubation method used in this study have the possibility for comprehending complex characteristic of Rs.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.1343-1345
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• 2002

In this paper, we introduce the MC-CDMA (Multi-Carrier CDMA) system with MD (multi-detector). Due to unknown functional form of noise in wireless channel environments, it is not easy to design the detector through estimating the functional form of noise. Instead, we design the MD, which is constructed based on DGT (Data Grouping Technique) and quantiles estimated through RMSA (Robbins-Monro Stochastic Approximation) algorithm.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2018

The human microbiome is known to play an essential role in influencing host health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also been reported to act on a variety of signaling pathways, distally transport cellular components such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid, and have immunomodulatory effects. Here we shall review the current understanding of the intersectionality of the human microbiome and EVs in the emerging field of microbiota-derived EVs and their pharmacological potential. Microbes secrete several classes of EVs: outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), membrane vesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies. EV biogenesis is unique to each cell and regulated by sophisticated signaling pathways. EVs are primarily composed of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and recent evidence suggests they may also carry metabolites. These components interact with host cells and control various cellular processes by transferring their constituents. The pharmacological potential of microbiome-derived EVs as vaccine candidates, biomarkers, and a smart drug delivery system is a promising area of future research. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate in detail the mechanisms of microbiome-derived EV action in host health in a multi-disciplinary manner.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1734-1741
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• 2007

In this paper, the Hybrid SC/MRC-2/4 method in which bit synchronization and phase synchronization were not required was applied to the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system in which each normalized subcarrier interval and processing gain had the same value, respectively, and the direct sequence spread code of each subcarrier was orthogonal. In the broadband wireless system in which multi-carrier transmission was used, a Doppler frequency shift occurred, which was caused by the difference between the highest subcarrier frequency md the lowest subcarrier frequency. In order to complement phase error caused by the shift, the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA system was analyzed so that the receiving signal could be perfectly synchronized by adjusting the PLL gain suitable for the entire system. As a result of simulations, as the PLL gain was increased, the change in the intervals was close to the case of perfect synchronization however, it became less when the PLL gain reached more than a certain value. Therefore, by selecting a proper PLL gain suitable for the system the orthogonal MC DS-CDMA can be designed in which the Hybrid SC/MRC method is applied.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 2012

There is an emerging interest in using DNA markers for breed identification in animals. This article reviews the breed identification markers in chicken, mainly developed in Chungnam National University, with particular emphasis on the mitochondrial DNA markers and the nuclear DNA markers including the SNPs in MHC region and the plumage color related MC1R markers. This information would be very useful for an appropriate conservation breeding program as well as for the establishment of molecular markers for chicken breed identifications.