• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.726-733
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• 2021

Background: Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicinal herb used widely in China and many Asian countries. Its root and rhizome have long been used for the treatment of cardiovascular and hematological diseases. Imaging the spatial distributions and dynamics of metabolites in heterogeneous plant tissues is significant for characterizing the metabolic networks of Panax notoginseng, and this will also provide a highly informative approach to understand the complex molecular changes in the processing of Panax notoginseng. Methods: Here, a high-sensitive MALDI-MS imaging method was developed and adopted to visualize the spatial distributions and spatiotemporal changes of metabolites in different botanical parts of Panax notoginseng. Results: A wide spectrum of metabolites including notoginsenosides, ginsenosides, amino acids, dencichine, gluconic acid, and low-molecular-weight organic acids were imaged in Panax notoginseng rhizome and root tissues for the first time. Moreover, the spatiotemporal alterations of metabolites during the steaming of Panax notoginseng root were also characterized in this study. And, a series of metabolites such as dencichine, arginine and glutamine that changed with the steaming of Panax notoginseng were successfully screened out and imaged. Conclusion: These spatially-resolved metabolite data not only enhance our understanding of the Panax notoginseng metabolic networks, but also provide direct evidence that a serious of metabolic alterations occurred during the steaming of Panax notoginseng.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2359-2362
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• 2007

MALDI-TOF-MS technique was applied to obtain structural and compositional information of synthetic polyamides, Nylon6 and Nylon66. Mass spectra of both the original and the hydrolyzed polyamide samples were analyzed using the self calibration method as well as the internal calibration method with the standard materials of known masses. The MALDI-TOF mass spectra of Nylon6 samples showed the presence of protonated, sodiated, and potassiated ions that were assigned to cyclic and NH2/COOH terminated linear oligomers. From the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of Nylon66 samples, the potassiated linear oligomers with three different end groups are identified as well as the cyclic oligomers, i.e., NH2/COOH terminated oligomers, NH2/NH2 terminated oligomers, and COOH/COOH terminated oligomers. Full characterization of the molecular species and end groups present in the polyamide samples has been achieved, and also the changes in mass spectral patterns after the hydrolysis of the samples are presented.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2020

Various microorganisms play important roles in food fermentation, food spoilage, and agriculture. In this study, the biotype of 54 yeast and bacterial strains having high potential for utilization in food and agriculture, including Candida spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Acetobacter spp., were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). This characterization using a fast and robust method provides much-needed information on the selected microorganisms and will facilitate effective usage of these strains in various applications. Importantly, the unique protein profile of each microbial species obtained from this study was used to create a database of fingerprints from these species. The database was validated using microbial strains of the same species by comparing the mass spectra with the created database through pattern matching. The created reference database provides crucial information and is useful for further utilization of a large number of valuable microorganisms relevant to food and agriculture.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2005

Desorption/ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS) is a relatively new laser desorption/ionization technique for mass spectrometry without employing an organic matrix. This present study was carried to survey the experimental factors to improve the efficiency of DIOS-MS through electrochemical etching condition in structure and morphological properties of the porous silicon. The porous structure of silicon structure and its properties are crucial for the better performance of DIOS-MS and they can be controlled by the suitable selection of electrochemical conditions. The fabrication of porous silicon and ion signals on DIOS-MS were examined as a function of silicon orientation, etching time, etchant, current flux, irradiation, pore size, and pore depth. We have also examined the effect of pre- and post-etching conditions for their effect on DIOS-MS. Finally, we could optimize the electrochemical conditions for the efficient performance of DIOS-MS in the analysis of small molecule such as amino acid, drug and peptides without any unknown noise or fragmentation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1954-1959
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• 2015

Bacillus subtilis HM1 was isolated from the rhizosphere region of halophytes for its antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum, the causative agent of anthracnose. Treatment of postharvest apples with the cell culture or with a cell-free culture supernatant reduced disease severity 80.7% and 69.4%, respectively. Both treatments also exhibited antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. The antifungal substances were purified and analyzed by acid precipitation, gel filtration, high-performance liquid chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Three compounds were identified as fengycin, iturin, and surfactin. The MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrum revealed the presence of cyclized fengycin homologs A and B, which were distinguishable on the basis of the presence of either alanine or valine, respectively, at position 6 of the peptide sequence. In addition, the cyclized structure of fengycin was shown to play a critical role in antifungal activity.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2003년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.77-79
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• 2003

Current therapeutic strategies far anthrax have had no significant impact on anthrax mortality over the last several decades. This study used a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) discovery platform to generate protein expression profiles in search of overexpressed proteins in murine macrophage cells (RAW264.7) which infected with Bacillus anthracis spores as potentially novel molecular targets. Two differentially expressed proteins were identified in infected murine macrophage cells as Syndapin and CDC46, respectively. Syndapins are potential links between the cortical actin cytoskeleton and endocytosis. Other two proteins were identified from murine macrophage cells infected with avirulent spores as ITBG-2 (CD18) and HSPA5, respectively. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using a MALDI-TOF platform to generate protein expression profiles and identify potential molecular targets for anthrax therapeutics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2006

Three out of fourteen Microcystis-dominant cyanobacterial blooms in Central India were found to be toxic to mice ($LD_{50}$ ranging from 35-450 mg bloom dry mass/kg body weight). The liver architecture of the treated mice showed characteristic symptoms of hepatotoxicity relative to the untreated controls, with increased enzyme activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). RP-HPLC revealed the presence of microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR, and desmethyl microcystin-RR in the given region to maximum amounts of 390, 1,030, and $860{\mu}g/g$ bloom dry weight, respectively, corresponding to a maximum of 2.8 mg/l microcystin-LR in the lake water. Further confirmation of the microcystin variants was conducted using a MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2010

Wood charcoal was investigated to determine its potential as an alternative matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of various samples. Wood charcoal was an effective matrix for analyzing glucose, sucrose, arginine, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs), with detection levels of 100 pmol for glucose, 1 nmol for sucrose, 100 pmol for arginine, 100 pmol for PEG 400, 1 pmol for PEG 1540, and 10 pmol for PEG 3350. No analyte signal was observed for peptides or proteins.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1036-1039
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• 1996

Synthetic lipoidal peptides based on viral protein sequences have been prepared. These peptides contain an N-palmitoyl group at the N-terminal residue, which is a modified cysteine, containing a S-[2,3-bis(acyloxy)-(2-R,S)-propyl] moiety. When this residue (Pam3Cys) is at the N-terminus of a synthetic peptide, it acts as potent immunoadjuvant to enhance both IgM and IgG antibody responses to the attached peptide. Conventional analytical procedures (e.g., Edman degradation and amino acid analysis) are either not applicable due to the N-terminal modification, or do not provide confirmation of the intact structure. Chromatographic analysis is also hindered by the tendency of these lipoidal Pam3Cys peptides to form large aggregates, and in some cases to be permanently adsorbed on reversed phase columns. We have applied several mass spectrometric techniques, including fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) to characterize the intact structures of a number of different Pam3Cys synthetic peptides. The MALDI-MS has been found to be the most sensitive for the analysis of the structure of Pam3Cys peptides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.922-926
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• 2005

The present study was aimed to investigate proteome affected by Panax ginseng extracts in chicken muscles. The whole muscle proteins from chicken fed boiled extracts of 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% Panax ginseng in water were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels using immobilized non-linear gradient (pH 3-10) strips. More than 300 protein spots were detected on silver staining gels. Among them, four protein spots were distinctively up-regulated by Panax ginseng treatments and further investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The obtained MS data were searched against SwissProt database using the Mascot search engine. The up-regulated proteins were finally identified as $\alpha$-tropomyosin (2 spots), triosephosphate isomerase, and one unknown protein. Based on the known functions of the identified proteins, they are highly related to muscle development and enhanced immunity in chickens. These proteins can give valuable information of biochemical roles for Panax ginseng in chicken meats.