• Trans-
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• v.6
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

Un jour, à la fin d'un symposium autour du célèbre film « La Bataille d'Alger » de Pontecorvo, quelqu'un a dit que l'histoire véridique était trop difficile à retrouver (à savoir ce qu'il s'était vraiment passé), il fallait donc la créer (dans le sens d'inventer). J'étais si surpris par cette conclusion anti-historique que je n'ai pu répondre. Nous pouvons faire l'histoire au présent par nos actions, mais ce qui a été fait est fait, et restera historique autant que possible dans la mesure où des historiens sérieux et libres pourront faire leur travail. Max Stirner a dit « Nous ne pouvons être libre de tout, mais nous pouvons tenter de faire nos écrits aussi libres que nous sommes ». Si nous rapportons cette idée à l'Histoire, cela veut dire que ce n'est pas parce que l'histoire est le résultat des recherches faites par des humains qu'elle doit être faussée. L'homme est faillible mais il est aussi perfectible. En tant qu'historien du cinéma, les questions importantes sont de savoir ce qui constitue une archive, (le Mal d'archive de Derrida, qui développe la pensée sur la constitution de la connaissance selon Foucault, intervient très à propos, ici) et comment les utiliser, dans les films en particulier, fiction ou documentaire.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.679-684
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• 2009

Phosphors of $Eu^{2+}$ doped alkaline earth aluminates MA$l_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$ (M=Sr, Ba, Ca) have been prepared by sol-gel process and their characterization of photoluminescence and photocurrent properties have been performed. The phosphors prepared by sol-gel process, due to its advantage of better homogeneity and low synthetic temperature, was synthesized as single phases at lower temperature than the solid-state process; $800{\sim}1000{^{\circ}C}$ for 6 h under mild reduction atmosphere (Ar- 3% $H_2$). It was confirmed that SrA$l_2O_4:Eu^{2+}$ composition revealed the most excellent properties in the brightness and photocurrent.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Since the most of the mal-functions in the industrial equipments controlled by processors have been occured by the Electrical Fast Transient(EFT), the International Electrotechnical Commision(IEC) prepare the dummy signal to test the immunity level of the equipments controlled by processors and recommend it for the measuring. In this paper, the defined dummy EFT signal by IEC are analyzed by the spectrum analyzer in the frequency domain and studied the developed countermeasuring parts. The new developed parts are consist of the feedthrough capacitors ( $C_y$ type ) in the input and materials with high permeaility which was wound or inserted in the second layer of the Power Cable in order to increase Common Mode inductance. And it is compared inserted Permalloy to material with high permeability increasing Common Mode inductance. We could gotten a excellent insertion loss on the wide band against EFT signal. Especially, we confirm that countermeasuring Power Cable have been an excellent dynamic characteristics in computer system above the 3.6Kv. This new parts could be effectively used for industrial, MIL, and medical equipments to reduce a mal-functions on the site. Furthermore, these parts also have a good characteristics for EMI countermeasuring over the 60MHz up to several GHz band, they are also expected to be used for all kind of EMS test with IEC801-2, 3, 5 and 6 on the power distributed line.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined the effect of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on improving the hand function in hemiplegic side. Methods: Ten subjects without a control group were given CIMT to the hemiplegic side for 3 weeks. The effects of their hand function and sensibility were examined using a MAL and two point discrimination test. Repeated ANOVA was carried out for an analysis of the effects of the application of CIMT before and after treatment. Results: The participants showed significant improvement in their functional aspect with CIMT while there were no significant changes in the time domain variables. There was significant improvement in the quantitative and qualitative aspect of MAL, as well as significant improvement in the two-point discrimination function in all fingers. Conclusion: CIMT can enhance the motor function and sensory function of the hand in hemiplegic patients.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

We consider the single machine scheduling problem with a rate-modifying activity and time-dependent deterioration after the activity. The class of scheduling problems with rate-modifying activities and the class of scheduling problems with time-dependent processing times have been studied independently. However, the integration of these classes is motivated by human operators of tasks who has fatigue while carrying out the operation of a series of tasks. This situation is also applicable to machines that experience performance degradation over time due to mal-position or mal-alignment of jobs, abrasion of tools, and scraps of operations, etc. In this study, the integration of the two classes of scheduling problems is considered. We present a mathematical model to determine job-sequence and a position of a rate-modifying activity for the integration problem. Since the model is difficult to solve as the size of real problem being very large, we propose genetic algorithms. The performance of the algorithms are compared with optimal solutions with various problems.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1281-1288
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• 2010

We consider Yut board game with four Yut sticks which are of the same shape and the same size so that they have the same probability of showing back when they are tossed. Since, in Yut board game, a player have to toss four sticks one more when sawi Mo or sawi Yut appears, the player may be interested in the distance which Mal can move in one's turn. Therefore, the probability mass function of the distance is obtained and probabilities with several values of back probability are summarized in a table. Also, the expectation, the variance, the skewness, and the kurtosis of the distribution are calculated and their values are also tablized for some values of back probability.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.149-161
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• 2000

Background : Residual pleural thickening (RPT) develops in about 50% of tuberculous pleurisy ($PL_{TB}$). Some reports have suggested that elevated TNF-$\alpha$ and impaired fibrinolysis could be the cause of RPT, but until now, the mechanism and predictors of RPT have not been well known. TGF-$\beta$ has been known to promote fibrogenesis and is increased in tuberculous pleural fluid (PF). $PL_{TB}$ and malignant pleurisy ($PL_{MAL}$) manifest lymphocyte-dominant exudative pleural effusion, and it has clinical implications in the differentiation of the two diseases based on the findings of pleural effusion. We performed this study to compare pleural fluid TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$, and fibrinolytic parameters between $PL_{TB}$ and $PL_{MAL}$, and to find the predictors of RPT in $PL_{TB}$. Methods : Thirty-five $PL_{TB}$ and 14 $PL_{MAL}$ patients who were admitted to the Asan Medical Center from February 1997 to August 1999 were enrolled. All $PL_{TB}$ patients were prescribed a primary, short-course, anti-tuberculosis regimen. INF-$\alpha$ tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer were measured in both PF and PB. TGF-$\beta$was measured only in PF. Clinical characteristics, TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters were compared between patients with RPT less than 2 mm and patients with more than 2 mm of the thirty patients who completed the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Results : The levels of TNF-$\alpha$ tPA, PAI-1, plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer in PF were higher than those in peripheral blood (PB) in $PL_{TB}$, whereas only plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin, and D-dimer were higher in PF than in PB in $PL_{MAL}$. Pleural fluid TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$, PAI-1, plasminogen, $\alpha$2-antiplasmin were increased in $PL_{TB}$ compared with $PL_{MAL}$, but these factors did not show any further advantages over ADA in differentiation between $PL_{TB}$ and $PL_{MAL}$. TNF-$\alpha$ TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters did not show any differences between patients with RPT less than 2 mm and patients with RPT more than 2 mm. Conclusion : Our data suggest that TNF-$\alpha$, TGF-$\beta$ and fibrinolytic parameters may play some role for the development of RPT in $PL_{TB}$, but they failed to predict the occurrence of RPT in $PL_{TB}$. Also these parameters did not seem to have any advantages over ADA in differentiating between two diseases.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.940-946
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• 2008

Neurotransmitter transporters, which remove neurotransmittesr from the synaptic cleft, are regulated by second messenger such as protein kinases and binding proteins. Neuronal ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transporters (GATs) are responsible for removing the inhibitory neurotransmitter ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid (GABA) from the synaptic cleft. ${\gamma}-aminobutyric$ acid transporters 2 (GAT2/BGT1) is involved in regulating neurotransmitter recycling, but the mechanism how they are stabilized and regulated by the specific binding protein has not yet been elucidated. Here, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify the specific binding protein(s) that interacts with the C-terminal region of GAT2 and found a specific interaction with the mammalian LIN-7b (MALS-2). MALS-2 protein bound to the tail region of GAT2 but not to other GAT members in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The "T-X-L" motif at the C-terminal end of GAT2 is essential for interaction with MALS-2. In addition, this protein showed specific interactions in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. An antibody to GAT2 specifically co-immunoprecipitated MALS associated with GAT2 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that MALS may stabilize GAT2 in brain.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose an auto-detection algorithm of basal cell carcinoma(BCC) from the protophorphyrin IX(PpIX) fluorescence image induced by appling the methyl 5-aminolaevulinate(MAL) ointment-induced protophorphyrin IX(PpIX) to the skin tumour area and then shining the wood lamp on the area. The proposed algorithm first generates 3 mask areas-tumor area, suspected tumor area and tumor free area and then applies local watershed algorithm to the turner and the suspected tumor areas to make small watershed regions that include similar luminance value pixels. Next, small watershed regions are merged by hierarchical queue based fast region merging that uses the difference between the average luminance values of adjacent watershed regions as a region merging criterion and finally BCC regions are detected. 50 tissue samples are acquired from the tumour regions of 10 patients with BCC that are extracted by using the proposed algorithm and are performed pathological examination by expert dermatologist. Experiment result shows the rate of tumor detection from BCC lesion using presurgical in vivo of MAL-indeuced PpIX fluorescence has high sensitivity 94.1% and relatively high specificity 82.6%.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.35 no.5_6
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• pp.352-352
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• 2000