• 제목/요약/키워드: MAGNOX

검색결과 7건 처리시간 0.019초

Optimal Cycle Length of MAGNOX Reactor for Weapons-Grade Plutonium Production

  • Seongjin Jeong;Jinseok Han;Hyun Chul Lee
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.219-226
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    • 2024
  • Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) has produced weapon-grade plutonium in a graphite-moderated experimental reactor at the Yongbyon nuclear facilities. The amount of plutonium produced can be estimated using the Graphite Isotope Ratio Method (GIRM), even without considering specific operational histories. However, the result depends to some degree on the operational cycle length. Moreover, an optimal cycle length can maximize the number of nuclear weapons made from the plutonium produced. For conservatism, it should be assumed that the target reactor was operated with an optimal cycle length. This study investigated the optimal cycle length using which the Calder Hall MAGNOX reactor can achieve the maximum annual production of nuclear weapons. The results show that lower enrichment fuel produced a greater number of critical plutonium spheres with a shorter optimal cycle length. Specifically, depleted uranium (0.69wt%) produced 5.561 critical plutonium spheres annually with optimal cycle lengths of 251 effective full power days. This research is crucial for understanding DPRK's potential for nuclear weapon production and highlights the importance of reactor operational strategy in maximizing the production of weapons-grade plutonium in MAGNOX reactors.

UK Civil Nuclear Decommissioning, a Blueprint for Korea's Nuclear Decommissioning Future?: Part II - UK's Progress and Implications for Korea

  • Foster, Richard I.;Park, June Kyung;Lee, Keunyoung;Seo, Bum-Kyoung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.65-98
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    • 2022
  • The nuclear legacy that remains in the United Kingdom (UK) is complex and diverse. Consisting of legacy ponds and silos, redundant reprocessing plants, research facilities, and non-standard or one-off reactor designs, the clean-up of this legacy is under the stewardship of the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). Through a mix of prompt and delayed decommissioning strategies, the NDA has made great strides in dealing with the UK's nuclear legacy. Fuel debris and sludge removal from the legacy ponds and silos situated at Sellafield, as part of a prompt decommissioning strategy for the site, has enabled intolerable risks to be brought under control. Reactor defueling and waste retrievals across the Magnox fleet is enabling their transition to a period of care and maintenance; accelerated through the adopted 'Lead and Learn' approach. Bespoke decommissioning methods implemented by the NDA have also enabled the relevant site licence companies to tackle non-standard reactor designs and one-off wastes. Such approaches have potential to influence and shape nuclear decommissioning decision making activities globally, including in Korea.

원자력발전산업의 민영화정책

  • 박정택
    • 원자력산업
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    • 제15권12호통권154호
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 1995
  • 영국정부는 최근 국영기업의 민영화정책의 일환으로 원자력발전산업의 민영화방침을 최종 결정, 발표하였다. 그 주요 내용은, 영국의 2대 국영 원자력발전회사인 NE사와 SNL사가 보유중인 8기의 원전을 1개의 통합회사로 설립하여 이를 민영화하고, Magnox 발전소 9기도 별도의 단일회사로 설립한 후 BNFL사에 합병시킨 뒤 장기적으로는 BNFL사의 민영화도 적극 검토한다는 것이다. 이와 함께 화석연료사용부담금의 폐지, 새로운 상용원전에 대한 정부의 재정지원중단, 원자력안전규제의 엄정집행 등이 영국 원전사업 민영화정책의 골자이다. 영국의 원자력발전산업에 대한 민영화정책 결정의 배경과 주요내용, 추진현황 및 교훈과 시사점 등을 살펴본다.

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Towards inferring reactor operations from high-level waste

  • Benjamin Jung;Antonio Figueroa;Malte Gottsche
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제56권7호
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    • pp.2704-2710
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    • 2024
  • Nuclear archaeology research provides scientific methods to reconstruct the operating histories of fissile material production facilities to account for past fissile material production. While it has typically focused on analyzing material in permanent reactor structures, spent fuel or high-level waste also hold information about the reactor operation. In this computational study, we explore a Bayesian inference framework for reconstructing the operational history from measurements of isotope ratios from a sample of nuclear waste. We investigate two different inference models. The first model discriminates between three potential reactors of origin (Magnox, PWR, and PHWR) while simultaneously reconstructing the fuel burnup, time since irradiation, initial enrichment, and average power density. The second model reconstructs the fuel burnup and time since irradiation of two batches of waste in a mixed sample. Each of the models is applied to a set of simulated test data, and the performance is evaluated by comparing the highest posterior density regions to the corresponding parameter values of the test dataset. Both models perform well on the simulated test cases, which highlights the potential of the Bayesian inference framework and opens up avenues for further investigation.

Vitrification of Highly Active Liquid Waste(II) (The thermal decomposition of HARVEST feed slurries and the characterization of the product)

  • Chun, K.S.;Morris, J.B.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.203-212
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    • 1979
  • Magnox 핵연료 재처리에서 발생되는 모의고준위 방사성폐액의 열분해와 이 폐액의 유리화를 위한 첨가제가 함유된 HARVEST 공급스러리 (SN과 SG)의 열분에 관하여 연구되었다. 폐액과 스러리는 500-55$0^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 거의 완전히 가소 처리된다. 90$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 스러리로부터 얻어지는 고화물들은 유사한 색체를 띄지만, 이 이상에서 대단히 짙은 색으로 변한다. 스러리는 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 유리화하기 시작하여 1000-105$0^{\circ}C$에서 완전히 유리화 된다. 한편, SN 스러리내에 불순물로 존재하는 황화물은 75$0^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 황색반점을 분리시키는 영향이 있다. 650-$700^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 얻어지는 고화물의 밀도는 대단히 낮고 700-80$0^{\circ}C$에서는 밀도가 2g/㎤로 급증됨으로서 650-$700^{\circ}C$에서 용융되기 시작하는 것같다. 50$0^{\circ}C$까지 온도가 상승함에 따라 고화물의 강도가 감소하고, 그 이상에서는 고화물의 소질현상으로 인하여 강도가 증가하게 된다. 50$0^{\circ}C$ 이하의 SN 고곡물은 SG 고화물에 비하여 강도가 훨씬 크고, 불순물로 존재하는 황화물은 silica의 반응도를높여 준다는 것을 암시하고 있다.

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An extensive characterization of xenon isotopic activity ratios from nuclear explosion and nuclear reactors in neighboring countries of South Korea

  • Ser Gi Hong;Geon Hee Park;Sang Woo Kim;Yu Yeon Cho
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제56권2호
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    • pp.601-610
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    • 2024
  • This paper gives an extensive analysis on the characterization of xenon isotopic ratios for various nuclear reactors and nuclear explosions through neutronic depletion codes. The results of the characterization can be used for discriminating the sources of the xenon isotopes' release among the nuclear explosions and nuclear reactors. The considered sources of the xenon radionuclides do not only include PWR, CANDU, and nuclear explosions using uranium and plutonium bombs, but also IRT-200 and 5MWe Yongbyon (MAGNOX reactor) research reactors operated in North Korea. A new data base (DB) on xenon isotopic activity ratios was produced using the results of the characterization, which can be used in discrimination of the sources of xenon isotopes. The results of the study show that 5MWe Yongbyon reactor has quite different characteristics in 135Xe/133Xe ratio from the PWRs and the nuclear reactors have different characteristics in 135Xe/133Xe ratios from the nuclear explosions.

Magnetite 분말의 제조 (Making Process for Magnetite Powder)

  • Ho-Sang Lee;Kyu-Jin Kim
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2000
  • 본 연구에서는 자성일성분용 흑색 토너의 자성체인 마그네타이트의 새로운 제조방법에 대해 연구를 하였다. 기존의 습식법과는 달리 건식법이라 할 수 있는 분무배소법을 이용하여 마그네타이트를 제조하였다. 이때 제조조건을 달리하며 제조된 마그네타이트분말의 특성을 수입제인 TMB 125와 비교하였다. 질소 분위기하에서 염화제일철과 염화제이철 수용액의 혼합비를 7:3~3:7까지 변화시켜 가면서 제조했을 때 100% 마그네타이트 상을 관찰 할 수 있었고, 염화제일철의 농도가 그보다 크면 FeO의양이 많아지고, 염화제이철의 농도가 크면 $\Gamma-Fe_2O_3$의 양이 많아졌다. 두 염화철의 혼합비가 5:5일때, 분무배소법에 의해 제조된 마그네타이트의 보자력은 110~130Oe, 포화자화는 80~85emu/gdldlT다. 입자의 형태는 불규칙한 구형에 가깝고 입자의 평균크기는 $0.3~0.5\mu\textrm{m}$로 토너용 자성재료로서 매우 적합한 특성을 나타냈다.

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