• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.146-153
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• 2012

This study examined the effect of formulated diets (composed of condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ or $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil sources derived from baker's yeast) on the population growth and fatty acid composition of the brackish water flea ($Diaphanosoma$ $celebensis$) to determine diet effectiveness for mass production. Results indicated that the highest maximum density, fecundity, and population specific growth rate (SGR) of the flea were observed using a diet of $Tetraselmis$ $suecica$ (control). However, results using condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ and the mixed treatment of $Schizochytrium$ sp.+$Crypthecodinium$ sp.+EPA oil did not significantly differ from the control treatment ($P$>0.05). Thus, $T.$ $suecica$ could be replaced with a combination diet of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ without growth interruption of $D.$ $celebensis$. As the percentage of combination diet (mix of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil) in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ increased, the level of ARA, EPA, DHA, and n-3 HUFA in $D.$ $celebensis$ also increased. However, the population density of $D.$ $celebensis$ sharply decreased with the use of treated supplements C5M5 (CHL [50%] and $Crypthecodinium$ sp.+ $Schizochytrium$ sp. + EPA oil [MIX 50%]). The optimum proportions of CHL and MIX for $D.$ $celebensis$ within the mixture were 70% and 30%, respectively. Based on the results, the combination of $Schizochytrium$ sp., $Crypthecodinium$ sp., and EPA oil in condensed freshwater $Chlorella$ appears to be a stable and effective food source for mass production of $D.$ $celebensis$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2008

One bacterium, which showed strong antagonistic activity against H. pylori KCCM 41756, was isolated from kimchi. The strain NO1 was designated as Lactobacillus plantarum NO1 based on Gram staining, biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture medium $(2{\sim}4{\mu}g/ml)$ of Lb. plantarum NO1 reduced $(40{\sim}60%)$ the urease activity of H. pylori KCCM 41756. Lb. plantarum NO1 inhibited the binding of H. pylori to human gastric cancer cell line, AGS cells, by more than 33%. Lb. plantarum NO1 exhibited high viability (maintained initial viable cell count of $10^9CFU/ml$) in 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) for 2 h, in artificial gastricjuice for 2 h and in 0.3%, 0.5% oxgall for 24 h. Hemolysis phenomena did not observed when Lb. plantarum NO1 was incubated in the blood agar media. We concluded that Lb. plantarum NO1 can be a good candidate as a probiotic, harboring anti-H. pylori activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 1991

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary coenzyme $Q_{10}$ on mitochondrial coenzyme $Q_{10}$ and fatty acid composition in adriamycin (ADR)-treated rats. Two experiments were conducted in rats. Experiment 1 was undertaken under the condition of simultaneous administration of ADR and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ for 4 weeks. Experiment 2 was undertaken under the same condition as experiment 1 after feeding the experimental diets alone without administration of ADR for 4 weeks. Heart mitochondrial coenzyme $Q_{10}$ level of rats was greatly decreased by ADR treatment. but higher level of dietary coenzyme $Q_{10}$ elevated this decrease to control ranges. Pretreatment with dietary supplementation of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ showed a significant increase in myocardial coenzyme $Q_{10}$ level. With ADR treatment. polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (20 : 4) and docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6) were decreased. However, dietary supplementation of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ modified this decrement to some extent. In both experiment 1 and 2. the polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P/S+ M) ratio of ADR-treated rats tended to be lower than that of control rats.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity during walking wearing jogging and roller shoes. Twelve male middle school students (age: 15.0 yrs, height 173.7 cm, weight 587.7 N) who have no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the subjects. Seven pairs of surface electrodes (QEMG8, Laxtha Korea, gain = 1,000, input impedance >$1012{\Omega}$, CMMR >100 dB) were attached to the right-hand side of the body to monitor the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial (GM) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) while subjects walked wearing roller and jogging shoes in random order at a speed of 1.1 m/s. An event sync unit with a bright LED light was used to synchronize the video and EMG recordings. EMG data were filtered using a 10 Hz to 350 Hz Butterworth band-passdigital filter and further normalized to the respective maximum voluntary isometric contraction EMG levels. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the recording. Averaged IEMG and peak IEMG were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between shoe conditions (p<.05). The VM, TA, BF, and GM activities during the initial double limb stance and the initial single limb stance reduced significantly when going from jogging shoe to roller shoe condition. The decrease in EMG levels in those muscles indicated that the subjects locked the ankle and knee joints in an awkward fashion to compensate for the imbalance. Muscle activity in the GM for the roller shoe condition was significantly greater than the corresponding value for the jogging shoe condition during the terminal double limb stance and the terminal single limb stance. Because the subjects tried to keep their upper body weight in front of the hip to prevent falling backward, the GM activity for the roller shoe condition increased. It seems that there are differences in muscle activity between roller shoe and jogging shoe conditions. The differences in EMG pattern may be caused primarily by the altered position of ankle, knee, and center of mass throughout the walking cycle. Future studies should examine joint kinematics during walking with roller shoes.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

Background: Extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, and ER stress has been reported to possibly increase tumor death in cancer therapy. We previously reported that caspase-8 played an important role in compound K-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation in HL-60 human leukemia cells. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis in A549 and SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells and the role of ER stress have not yet been understood. Methods: The apoptotic effects of compound K were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the changes in protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. The intracellular calcium levels were monitored by staining with Fura-2/AM and Fluo-3/AM. Results: Compound K-induced ER stress was confirmed through increased phosphorylation of $eIF2{\alpha}$ and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, XBP-1S, and $IRE1{\alpha}$ in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, compound-K led to the accumulation of intracellular calcium and an increase in m-calpain activities that were both significantly inhibited by pretreatment either with BAPTA-AM (an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator) or dantrolene (an RyR channel antagonist). These results were correlated with the outcome that compound K induced ER stress-related apoptosis through caspase-12, as z-ATAD-fmk (a specific inhibitor of caspase-12) partially ameliorated this effect. Interestingly, 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor) dramatically improved the compound K-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Cell survival and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis during ER stress in human lung cancer cells are important factors in the induction of the compound K-induced apoptotic pathway.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception and eating behaviors of middle school students in Kwangju area about food and nutrition section of Home Economics course. The subjects were 480 middle school students. The major results were as follows： On the perception f food and nutrition section, the 1st graders learned ‘how to settle the problems related to food and nutrition and food choices’. The 2nd graders learned ‘the knowledge and principle of food and nutrition for improving dietary life’. The 3rd graders learned ‘actual dietary life functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’. Consequently, there was a significant difference in each grade and all boy and girl students have the highest response to the item ‘they learn how to settle the nutrition problem and foods choices’. On the interests in food and nutrition section, lower graders and girl students have higher interest than hgiher graders and boy students. The area which was considered as most interesting in food and nutrition sections was ‘cooking’ in all students. The perception of the concern on dietary life after learning food and nutrition section was higher in the 1st graders. On the perception of the area where was a great change in their own dietary life after learning food and nutrition section, the 1st graders responded there was a great change in ‘balanced dietary life’, the 2nd graders in ‘eating habit and nutrition of adolescence’and the 3rd graders in ‘cooking’. Especially, girl students showed more changes. On the perception of degree which food and nutrition section gives a help to actual life, students over 50% responded that it was helpful to their actual life. This showed that the lower the grades, the more help it gave to those students. On the perception of mother’s job, the students with working mother considered that they learned ‘actual dietary life functions like functions like arranging menu and preparing meals’from the food and nutrition section. In addition, they had high interests in the area of ‘cooking’. It was recognized that as the family size was greater, the food and nutrition section gave more helps to actual life. On eating behaviors of breakfast, the higher the grade, the more frequent they don’t have breakfast, boy students have more frequencies of having breakfast than girl students and the primary reason of not having breakfast is poor appetite. On whether going without a meal affects study or not, most of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd graders whether they are boys and girls or not responded it affected their study. On eating behaviors of lunch, most of boy and girl students in the 1st, 2nd 3rd grade have lunch box. On eating behaviors of supper, eating time is usually between 7：00 and 8：00 p.m and eating hour is mostly 10 or 15 minutes. On eating behaviors between meals, frequency of eating between meals is mostly once or twice a day and girl students have more frequencies of eating between meals, and the cause was hunger commonly in boy and girl students and ‘killing time’in girl students. The focus in getting the foods is ‘taste’and favorite food is fruit regardless of the grade.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identified the level of the exposure to the PC Pornography and what's their post-exposure reactions to the PC pornography. The subjects were 423 middle school boys in Pusan. The survey was executed from July 12 through October 30, 1999. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN using the %, mean, ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 79.4%(336 boys) were exposed to the PC pornography. 46.3%(196 boys) answered that they experienced the published pornography prior to the PC pornography. 2. 78.5%(333 boys) answered that they had their PC in their homes. This ratio revealed the higher level of possession. 67.6% said that their PC were set in their own rooms. 57.9% of the subject answered they experienced the Internet Communications. 68.6% of the subject said that they tried PC communications once or twice in a week. 38.5% of the subject expressed that they used their own PC for 1-2 hours in a day. Most of them(82.7%) enjoyed the PC games or entertainment programs. 81.3% of the subject answered that their school performance didn't show the progress after the use of their own PC. 78.3% of the subject answered that they acquired information. 45.2% of the subject answered that they made their friend through the Internet communications. 78.7% of the subject answered that the time of family dialogue decreased. 70.7% of the subject answered that the time of their TV watching decreased. 3. As for their post-exposure reactions the subject who were exposed to the PC Pornography showed the point 2.93 in the item 'pleasure'. The point of 'sexual impulses' was 2.81. But the point of 'anxiety' was 2.75, the point of 'dislike or disgust' was 2.62, the point of 'guilty' was 2.59. 4. According to the frequency, the motivation and the companionship on the exposure to PC Pornography, their post-exposure reaction scores showed differences significantly. Finally, the post-exposure reaction had relation to the frequency, the motivation, the companionship and the place (F=3.28 ~ 8.40, p=.012 ~ .000).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2010

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted much attention as a promising material for transparent conducting films (TCFs), due to their superior electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and complete flexibility as well as their one-dimensional morphological features of extremely high length-to-diameter ratios. This study investigated three kinds of SWCNTs with different purities: as-produced SWCNTs (AP-SWCNTs), thermally purified SWCNTs (TH-SWCNTs), thermally and acid purified SWCNTs (TA-SWCNTs). The purity of each SWCNT sample was assessed by considering absorption peaks in the semiconducting ($S_{22}$) and metallic ($M_{11}$) tubes with UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy and a metal content with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The purity increased as proceeding the purification stages from the AP-SWCNTs through the thermal purification to the acid purification. The samples containing different contents of SWCNTs were dispersed in water using sodium dodecyl benzensulfate (SDBS). Aqueous suspensions of different purities of SWCNTs were prepared to have similar absorbances in UV-Vis absorption measurements so that one can make the TCFs possess similar optical transmittances irrespective of the SWCNT purity. Transparent conductive SWCNT networks were formed by spraying an SWCNT suspension onto a poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) substrate. As expected, the TCFs fabricated with AP-SWCNTs showed very high sheet resistances. Interestingly, the TH-SWCNTs gave lower sheet resistances to the TFCs than the TA-SWCNTs although the latter was of higher purity in the SWCNT content than the former. The TA-SWCNTs would be shortened in length and be more bundled by the acid purification, relative to the TH-SWCNTs. For both purified (TH, TA) samples, the subsequent nitric acid ($HNO_3$) treatment greatly lowered the sheet resistances of the TCFs, but almost eliminated the difference of sheet resistances between them. This seems to be because the electrical conductivity increased not only due to further removal of surfactants but also due to p-type doping upon the acid treatment. The doping effect was likely to overwhelm the effect of surfactant removal. Although the nitric acid treatment resulted in the similar. electrical properties to the two samples, the TCFs of TH-SWCNTs showed much lower sheet resistances than those of the TA-SWCNTs prior to the acid treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

This study was evaluated the oxidative stability of the breast and leg meat from chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix (Lonicera japonica Thunberg : Morus alba L. : Coptis chinensis = 48.5 : 48.5 : 3.0%) and antibiotics (Albac G150). Ross chickens were divided into three treatments: basal diet (control), basal diet with antibiotics (0.05%) and basal diet with extract of medicinal herb mix (0.3%). They were fed the experimental diets for 35 days and slaughtered. After that, the breast and leg meat samples were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Total phenol content of breast meat in Ross chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix was higher than that of antibiotics treatment and control during storage. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the highest in leg meat of Ross chicken fed extract of medicinal herb mix at 0 day. $ABTS^+$ reduction activity was higher in chicken meat fed extract of medicinal herb mix than antibiotics treatment and control. This results showed that the diet with extract of mixed medicinal herb was more effective in oxidative stability of chicken meat than basal diet and diet with antibiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.76-81
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• 1994

승용차에 있어 엔진의 공회전시나 주행중에 발생하는 여러 형태의 진동 및 소음의 저감은 승차감 및 차량의 안정성에 있어 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 이러한 소음, 진동은 주로 엔진에서 발생하는 토크의 비주기적인 변동성분이 클러치(clutch), 변속기(transmission), 구동축을 거쳐 바퀴로 전달되는 과정에서 발생한다. 셔플(shuffle)은 주행중 가속페달(accelerator)을 급조작(tip-in, tip-out)하였을 때 차량이 전후로 과도적으로 울렁거리는 종진동 현상을 말하며, 이것은 가속페달의 급조작으로 인해 엔진토크가 큰 변동을 일으키고, 동력전달계를 통해 타이어에 전달된 이 토오크는 타이어축에서 구동측으로 역토오크를 발생시키기 때문에 발생한다. 여기서 팁-인(tip-in)이란 승용차를 저속으로 운전하다가 갑자기 가속페달을 밟는 경우를 말하며, 팁-아웃(tip-out)은 반대로 고속상태에서 갑자기 가속페달을 떼는 경우를 말한다. 실험과 시뮬레이션을 사용한 자동차 동력전달계의 비틀림 진동에 대한 연구는 이미 여러 연구자들에 의해 보고되었다. H.Arai은 2자유도 비선형 모델을 사용하여 클러치 접속시 발생하는 외란과 계의 안정성을 고려하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였고, M.Kataoka는 기어의 공차(clearance)를 고려한 변속기의 강제 비틀림 진동을 실험과 시뮬레이션을 통하여 해석하였다. 그리고, Wu Hui-Le는 자동차 동력전달계의 비틀림 진동 현상을 실험과 이론적인 계산을 통해 연구하였고, R.J.Comparin는 치타음의 발생구조와 특성을 고찰하고 비서형 비틀림 공진 저감에 의한 치타음 저감 기법에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 G.J.Fudala는 다자유도 모델을 이용하여 클러치의 비틀림 특서엥 따라 주파수분석을 수행하여 치타음 저감 방법을 연구하였고, T.Sakai는 5자유도 모델을 이용하여 엔진 공회전시 발생하는 치타음에 대해 이론과 실험을 통해 해석하고, 엔진 회전수 변동, 클러치 특성, 변속기의 드래그(drag) 토크의 영향과 치타음 저감을 위한 개선된 클러치 특성을 제시하였다. 이 외에도 Thomas C.T.와 E.P.Petkus는 특정 차량에 대한 동력전달계의 비틀림 진동 현상에 대해 연구하였다. 이러한 연구들로 볼 때, 자동차 동력전달계에서 발생하는 진동은 이론과 실험을 통해 그 해석이 가능하며 설계에 매우 유용하게 이용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구는 4 실린더 4 싸이클 1.5 L 엔진을 장착한 경승용차의 실차 주행실험을 통해 가속 페달의 급조작에 따른 차체의 종진동 현상을 측정하고, 엔진-변속기-타이어-차체의 반환정계 4자유도 진동모델로 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 실차 주행실험의 결과치와 비교, 분석한 후 클러치 비틀림 특성을 비롯한 자동차 동력전달계의 각 설계인자들이 차체의 종진동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 해석하고자 한다.