• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2008

The purpose of this study were to develop short form versions of MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories - Korean and to discuss clinical implications. Two short versions were developed: one for $9\sim17$ month-olds(including 69 words and 17 object manipulation skills) and the other for $18\sim35$ month-olds (including 128 words and 5 grammatical items). Short versions seemed to be representative of full versions and showed developmental validity. Short versions showed concomitant validity with SELSI which is a standardized test for Korean children under 37 month-olds. Norm tables for words and criteria for object manipulation and grammaticality are also provided. M-B CDI-K short versions could be used as a preliminary screening tool to identify Korean children with language impairment economically and efficiently. Cautions using short versions of M-B CDI-K are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.35-50
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• 2010

Joint attention, language development, and the relationship between these two variables were compared in infants from multi-cultural and Korean families. Joint attention was observed in both the Early Social Communication Scale (ESCS) and in infant-mother free play. Language development was evaluated by means of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory-Korean. There were no group differences in initiating and responding to joint attention in ESCS. However, in infant-mother free play, joint attention episodes were less and shorter in duration with infants from multi-cultural families than in Korean infants. The size of both the expressive and receptive vocabulary was also smaller in infants from multi-cultural families than in Korean infants. In terms of Korean infants, mean duration of joint attention episodes in free play showed a significant positive correlation with the size of the expressive vocabulary and initiating joint attention in ESCS also showed a significant positive correlation with the size of receptive vocabulary. However, none of the measures of joint attention indicated a significant relationship with the size of either expressive or receptive vocabulary in infants from multi-cultural families.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.80-84
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• 1989

In order to improve the combustion efficiency of the agricultural engine, an ignition timing control system was developed and tested. The control system was composed of the CDI ignition circuit, the microcomputer and the interfacing devices. In this study, the simplicity of the control system and the flexibility of the control strategy were emphasized for the precision, the applicability and the economical efficiency. The hardware was consisted in almost the same compositions as those of the automobile engine. The softwares of the control algorithms were developed to three types depending on the combination of the quasi-adaptive control and the open loop control which had the different spark advance equations according to the input variables such as engine speed, exhaust gas temperature and brake torque. The test results were summarized as follows: 1. By using the computer control system, the fuel consumption efficiency could be improved and the fuel consumption could be reduced by 0 to 57% compared to that of the fixed spark advance system. 2. The fuel consumption of the control mode with the quasi-adaptive algorithm was reduced by average 0.8% compared to that of the control mode without quasi-adaptive algorithm. 3. It was found that the control mode with the quasi-adaptive algorithm adopting single input of engine speed had most applicability and economical efficiency among three types of the control algorithms.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1987

In order to improve the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine, various ignition timing control systems were examined and the best one was chosen. The parts used for the systems were a microcomputer system with DAS, 8 bit output port (D-FLIP FLOP), three types of isolation circuit, two types of ignition timing pulse generator, three types of switching circuit and two types of high voltage ignition circuit. Most systems did not operate well due to the effects of electromagnetic waves and surge currents occurring when the ignition began or ended with resulting high voltage. The best ignition timing control system was found to be the combination of (microcomputer system)-(ignition timing pulse generator using step motor position control pick-up)-(switching circuit using TR logic)-(high voltage ignition circuit using CDI).