• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.240-245
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• 1997

Interactions between ganglioside $G_{M3}$ and glucose transporter, GLUT1 were studied by measuring the effect of $G_{M3}$ on steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence of purified GLUT1 in synthetic lipids and on the 3-O-methylglucose uptake by human erythrocytes. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence showed a GLUT 1 emission maximum of 335 nm, and increased in the presence of $G_{M3}$ by 12% without shifting the emission maximum, The fluorescence lifetimes of intrinsic tryptophan on GLUT1 consisted of a long component of 7.8 ns and a short component of 2,3 ns and $G_{M3}$ increased both lifetime components. Lifetime components were quenched by acrylamide and KI. Acrylarnide-mduced quenching of long-lifetime components was partly recovered by $G_{M3}$ However. KI-induccd quenching of short- and long-lifetime components was not rescued by $G_{M3}$. The anisotropy of 1.6-diphenyl-1.3.5-hexatriene (DPH)-probed dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) model membrane was also increased with $G_{M3}$ incorporation, The transport rate of 3-O-methylglucose increased by 20% with $G_{M3}$ incorporation on the erythrocytes, Therefore, $G_{M3}$ altered the environment of lipid membrane and induced the conformational change of GLUT1.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.261-267
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• 2005

Alcohol metabolizing and antioxidant activity of Mentha species were investigated in rat liver. Fifty six Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups such as normal (ethanol excluded), negative control (40% ethanol (10 g/kg of body weight/day) fed), positive control (1 g Silymarin/kg of body weight/day with ethanol fed), two Mentha viridis extracts (0.2 g & 1 g M. viridis methanol ext./kg of body weight/day with ethanol fed) and two M piperita extracts (0.2 g & 1 g M. piperita methanol ext./kg of body weight/day with ethanol fed) groups. After 2 weeks, rats were sacrificed under ether. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GAH-px) and the content ofthiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the rat livers and the activity of glutamate pyruvate transferase (GPT) in serum were evaluated. From the analyses, 1 g M. viridis and 0.2 g M. piperita administrated groups showed higher ADH and ALDH activity than the other groups. Groups fed with 0.2 g and 1 g M. viridis ext. and 0.2 g M. piperita ext. showed higher CAT activity than the other groups. All the Mentha extract fed groups exhibited more effective in recovering Mn-SOD, GSH-px and GPT acitivities to a similar degree of normal group. TBARS contents of two M. viridis ext. fed group and 0.2 g M. piperita ext. fed group were higher than those of the other groups. M. viridis extract fed groups showed more effective in CAT and Mn-SOD activities than M. piperita extract groups at p < 0.05. Finally, it is concluded that both Mentha species have alcohol metabolizing and antioxidant activity and M viridis is more effective than M. piperita.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2008

The Acorn (Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS), which contains a large quantity of tannin, should be developed as a processed food as the acorn is rich in natural antioxidants and other valuable components. Accordingly, acorn extraction conditions for polyphenol and gallic acid (both antioxidants) were investigated by response surface methodology. The content of polyphenols were determined under 16 different extraction conditions based upon a central composite design. The parameters varied over $30-70^{\circ}C$ of extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Gallic acid extraction was optimal at $60-100^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 1-5 h of extraction time, and 5-25 mL/g of solvent ratio, Epicatechin content was highest at $56.77^{\circ}C$, 4.16 hand 22.38 mL/g. Catechin content was highest at $52.37^{\circ}C$, 2h and 23.59 mL/g. The maximum catechin content was $91.30{\mu}g/mL$. Epigallocatechin content was influenced by extraction temperature and time. The maximum epigallocatechin content was $1,066.56{\mu}g/mL$ at $61.42^{\circ}C$, 4.17h, and 9.25 mL/g. The maximum value of epicatechingallate content was $125.39{\mu}g/mL$ at $47.72^{\circ}C$, 3.04h, and 24.93mL/g. Epigallocatechingallate content was influenced principally by solvent ratio and the maximum content was $61.38{\mu}g/mL$ at $48.11^{\circ}C$, 2.96h, and 24.95mL/g. The total polyphenol content was maximal at $1,332.75{\mu}g/mL$, after extraction at $61.50^{\circ}C$, 4.24h, at 9.71mL/g. The higher the extraction temperature and the longer the extraction time, the greater the polyphenol content. Gallic acid content was highest, the maximal level was $30.51{\mu}g/mL$ after $65.84^{\circ}C$, 1.65h at 17.17 mL/g, and this was influenced principally by extraction time and solvent ratio.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 1999

Purpose: We investigated the direct labeling method of antibody with $^{99m}Tc$ and $^{188}Re$ and examined the stability and function of these labeled compounds in in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: Disulfide bond of nonspecific human IgG was reduced to -SH group by 2-mercaptoethanol. Stannous ion was used to reduce $^{99m}Tc$ and $^{188}Re$. The stability of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG was estimated upto 24 hrs. Biodistribution was evaluated in abscess bearing rats at 4 and 24 hr post-injection of $^{99m}Tc$ or $^{188}Re$ labeled IgG. Results: The number of -SH group per reduced IgG molecule was 2.34. The labeling yield of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG were 90% and 95%, respectively The stability of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG at 1, 4, 6 and 24 hr was 91%, 83%, 78%, 7% and that of $^{188}Re$-IgG at 1, 4, 16 and 24 hr was 94%, 80%, 47%, 42%, respectively. At 4 hr post-injection of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG, high uptake was found on kidney, blood, stomach and abscess ($9.42{\pm}0.68,\;1.43{\pm}0.24,\;0.86{\pm}0.18,\;0.72{\pm}0.10$ %ID/g, respectively). The uptakes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess,.itomach, and blood in descending order. In case of $^{188}Re$-lgG, high uptake at 4 hr post injection appeared on kidney, blood, abscess and stomach ($3.92{\pm}0.62,\;1.32{\pm}0.08,\;0.88{\pm}0.01,\;0.26{\pm}0.06$, respectively). The uptakes at 24 hr were kidney, abscess, blood and stomach in descending order. The abscess to blood uptake ratio of $^{99m}Tc$-IgG was 0.5 at 4 hr and 2.02 at 24 hr and that of $^{188}Re$-IgG was 0.67 and 1.29. Conclusion: $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG canbe labeled efficiently with direct labeling method. However, $^{99m}Tc$-IgG and $^{188}Re$-IgG, labeled with direct method, was unstable. Further study is needed to enhance the stability of the antibody labeling.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.121-131
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study was investigation how the bee venom(BV) prevents inflammation in human cell. Methods : we induced inflammation on human synoviocyte cell by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and sodium nitroprusside(SNP), treated the bee venom and melittin on this cell, surveyed the expression of Nisotric oxide(NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), Cyclooxygenease-2(COX-2), cytolic phospholipase $A_2(cPLA_2)$, Prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B$), and got below conclusions. Results : Compared with control 1. Expressions of LPS-induced $PGE_2$(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced PGE2(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 2. Expressions of LPS-induced NO(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced NO(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 3. Expressions of LPS-induced COX-2(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced COX-2(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 4. Expressions of LPS-induced iNOS(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced iNOS(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) were meanless by all dose. 5. Expressions of LPS-induced $cPLA_2$(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced cPLA2(BV 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 6. Expressions of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$(BV $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and SNP-induced NF-${\kappa}B$(BV 0.5, 1, $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin 5, $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$)were decreased significantly. 7. Expressions of LPS-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activity (BV $1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, melittin $5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$+ DTT 20mM) were decreased significantly. Conclusion : The bee venom treatments on synoviocyte showed significant changes in LPS and SNP induced NO, iNOS, COX-2, cPLA2, PGE2 and NF-${\kappa}B$, these results suggest that bee venom is effective to inflammations and establish the process of bee venom therapy, so we expect active use of bee venom to control the inflammation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1985

This study was conducted to investigate the dry matter production and distribution ratio of dry matter produced for each of 5 botanical types (Virginia-Small Seed, Virginia-Large Seed, Spanish, Valencia, Shinpung) of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Peanut culture limiting region. The total dry weight increased in order of Virginia-Large seed, Virginia- Small Seed, Shinpung, Spanish, Valencia type. The maximum Crop growth rates (Cmax) were Virginia-Small seed 18.22-23.41 g/㎡/day, Virginia-Large seed 19.61-20.03 g/㎡/day, Shinpung 16.33-19.77 g/㎡/day, Spanish 13.86-16.28 g/㎡/day, Valencia 13.97-16.25g/㎡/day, respectively. LAI showed the high value at vinyl-mulching than non-mulching. In the early filling stage, distribution ratio of dry matter produced showed the highest at the shinpung type than the other types.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2014

The tRNA structure contains conserved modifications that are responsible for its stability and are involved in the initiation and accuracy of the translation process. tRNA modification enzymes are prevalent in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. tRNA Gm18 methyltransferase (TrmH) and tRNA $m^1G37$ methyltransferase (TrmD) are prevalent and essential enzymes in bacterial populations. TrmH involves itself in methylation process at the 2'-OH group of ribose at the 18th position of guanosine (G) in tRNAs. TrmD methylates the G residue next to the anticodon in selected tRNA subsets. Initially, $m^1G37$ modification was reported to take place on three conserved tRNA subsets ($tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$); later on, few archaea and eukaryotes organisms revealed that other tRNAs also have the $m^1G37$ modification. The present study reveals Gm18, $m^1G37$ modification, and positions of $m^1G$ that take place next to the anticodon in tRNA sequences. We selected extremophile organisms and attempted to retrieve the $m^1G$ and Gm18 modification bases in tRNA sequences. Results showed that the Gm18 modification G residue occurs in all tRNA subsets except three tRNAs ($tRNA^{Met}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, $tRNA^{Val}$). Whereas the $m^1G37$ modification base G is formed only on $tRNA^{Arg}$, $tRNA^{Leu}$, $tRNA^{Pro}$, and $tRNA^{His}$, the rest of the tRNAs contain adenine (A) next to the anticodon. Thus, we hypothesize that Gm18 modification and $m^1G$ modification occur irrespective of a G residue in tRNAs.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2022

In this paper, we define the G-Brauer algebras $D^G_f(x)$, where G is a cyclic group, called cyclic G-Brauer algebras, as the linear span of r-signed 1-factors and the generalized m, k signed partial 1-factors is to analyse the multiplication of basis elements in the quotient $^{\rightarrow}_{I_f}^G(x,2k)$. Also, we define certain symmetric matrices $^{\rightarrow}_T_{m,k}^{[\lambda]}(x)$ whose entries are indexed by generalized m, k signed partial 1-factor. We analyse the irreducible representations of $D^G_f(x)$ by determining the quotient $^{\rightarrow}_{I_f}^G(x,2k)$ of $D^G_f(x)$ by its radical. We also find the eigenvalues and eigenspaces of $^{\rightarrow}_T_{m,k}^{[\lambda]}(x)$ for some values of m and k using the representation theory of the generalised symmetric group. The matrices $T_{m,k}^{[\lambda]}(x)$ whose entries are indexed by generalised m, k signed partial 1-factors, which helps in determining the non semisimplicity of these cyclic G-Brauer algebras $D^G_f(x)$, where G = ℤ_r.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1998

We show that if M is a $II_1$-factor and a countable discrete group G acts outerly on M then Jones' index $[M:M^G]$ of a pair of $II_1^-factors is equal to the order $\mid$G$\mid$ of G. It is also shown that for a subgroup H of G Jones' index $[M^H:M^G]$ is equal to the group index [G:H] under certain conditions.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.820-823
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• 2006

Five oligosaccharides were isolated from the hydrolysate of konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) glucomannan by a purified ${\beta}$-mannanase from Trichoderma sp. These oligosaccharides were identified as M-M, G-M, M-G-M, M-G-M-M, and M-G-G-M; where G- and M- represent ${\beta}$-1,4-D-glucopyranosidic and ${\beta}$-1,4-D-mannopyranosidic linkages, respectively. The mode of action of the mannanase on the glucomannan is discussed on the basis of the structure of the above oligosaccharides.