• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제31권
• /
• pp.10.1-10.8
• /
• 2016

Objectives Aromatase inhibitors that block estrogen synthesis are a proven first-line hormonal therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer. Although it is known that standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) induces anti-carcinogenic effects like the aromatase inhibitors, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis have not been studied yet. Therefore, the effects of EGb761 on steroidogenesis and aromatase activity was studied using a H295R cell model, which was a good in vitro model to predict effects on human adrenal steroidogenesis. Methods Cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and $17{\beta}$-estradiol were evaluated in the H295R cells by competitive enzyme-linked immunospecific assay after exposure to EGb761. Real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate effects on critical genes in steroid hormone production, specifically cytochrome P450 (CYP11/ 17/19/21) and the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases ($3{\beta}$-HSD2 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1/4). Finally, aromatase activities were measured with a tritiated water-release assay and by western blotting analysis. Results H295R cells exposed to EGb761 (10 and $100{\mu}g/mL$) showed a significant decrease in $17{\beta}$-estradiol and testosterone, but no change in aldosterone or cortisol. Genes (CYP19 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1) related to the estrogen steroidogenesis were significantly decreased by EGb761. EGb761 treatment of H295R cells resulted in a significant decrease of aromatase activity as measured by the direct and indirect assays. The coding sequence/Exon PII of CYP19 gene transcript and protein level of CYP19 were significantly decreased by EGb761. Conclusions These results suggest that EGb761 could regulate steroidogenesis-related genes such as CYP19 and $17{\beta}$-HSD1, and lead to a decrease in $17{\beta}$-estradiol and testosterone. The present study provides good information on potential therapeutic effects of EGb761 on estrogen dependent breast cancer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.648-657
• /
• 2015

H9, a novel herbal extract, demonstrated cytotoxicity in A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In this study, we investigated whether H9, and/or co-treatment with an anticancer drug, pemetrexed (PEM), inhibited tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice models bearing A549 NSCLC cells. The mice were separated into groups and administered H9 and PEM for 2 weeks. Protein and mRNA levels were detected using western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively; immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also performed on the tumor tissues. H9 and co-treatment with PEM induced the cleavage of proapoptotic factors, such as caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP). Expression levels of cell-death receptors involving Fas/FasL, TNF-related apoptosisinducing ligands (TRAIL), and TRAIL receptors were increased by H9 and co-treatment with PEM. Furthermore, analysis of levels of cell-cycle modulating proteins indicated that tumor cells were arrested in the G1/S phase. In addition, the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt survival signaling pathways were inhibited by H9 and co-treatment with PEM. In conclusion, H9 and co-treatment with PEM inhibited tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice models bearing A549 NSCLC cells. These results indicate that H9 and co-treatment with PEM can be used as an anticancer therapy in NSCLC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and melanoma have been considered 'radioresistant' due to the fact that they do not respond to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) provides high-dose radiation to a defined target volume and a limited number of studies have suggested the potential effectiveness of SRS in radioresistant histologies. We sought to determine the effectiveness of SRS for the treatment of patients with radioresistant brain metastases. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of our institutional database to identify patients with RCC or melanoma brain metastases treated with SRS. Treatment response were determined in accordance with the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Results: We identified 53 radioresistant brain metastases (28% RCC and 72% melanoma) treated in 18 patients. The mean target volume and coverage was 6.2 ± 9.5 mL and 95.5% ± 2.9%, respectively. The mean prescription dose was 20 ± 4.9 Gy. Forty lesions (75%) demonstrated a complete/partial response and 13 lesions (24%) with progressive/stable disease. Smaller target volume (p < 0.001), larger SRS dose (p < 0.001), and coverage (p = 0.008) were found to be positive predictors of complete response to SRS. Conclusion: SRS is an effective management option with up to 75% response rate for radioresistant brain metastases. Tumor volume and radiation dose are predictors of response and can be used to guide the decision-making for patients with radioresistant brain metastases.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2013

Purpose: To assess the clinical efficacy and toxicity of whole pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (WP-IMRT) for high-risk prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Patients with high-risk prostate cancer treated between 2008 and 2013 were reviewed. The study included patients who had undergone WP-IMRT with image guidance using electronic portal imaging devices and/or cone-beam computed tomography. The endorectal balloon was used in 93% of patients. Patients received either 46 Gy to the whole pelvis plus a boost of up to 76 Gy to the prostate in 2 Gy daily fractions, or 44 Gy to the whole pelvis plus a boost of up to 72.6 Gy to the prostate in 2.2 Gy fractions. Results: The study cohort included 70 patients, of whom 55 (78%) had a Gleason score of 8 to 10 and 50 (71%) had a prostate-specific antigen level > 20 ng/mL. The androgen deprivation therapy was combined in 62 patients. The biochemical failure-free survival rate was 86.7% at 2 years. Acute any grade gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicity rates were 47% and 73%, respectively. The actuarial rate of late grade 2 or worse toxicity at 2 years was 12.9% for GI, and 5.7% for GU with no late grade 4 toxicity. Conclusion: WP-IMRT was well tolerated with no severe acute or late toxicities, resulting in at least similar biochemical control to that of the historic control group with a small field. The long-term efficacy and toxicity will be assessed in the future, and a prospective randomized trial is needed to verify these findings.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.1693-1697
• /
• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on initial positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and investigate the clinical value of SUVmax for early detection of locoregional recurrent disease after postoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients with locally advanced HNSCC received primary tumor excision and neck dissection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. The MTV and SUVmax were measured from primary sites and neck nodes. The prognostic value of MTV and SUVmax were assessed using initial staging PET/CT (study A). Follow-up PET/CT scan available after postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy were evaluated for the SUVmax value and correlated with locoregional recurrence (study B). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to define a threshold value of SUVmax with the highest accuracy for recurrent disease assessment. Results: High MTV (>41 mL) is negative prognostic factor for disease free survival (p = 0.041). Postradiation SUVmax was significantly correlated with locoregional recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.812; 95% confidence interval, 1.361 to 2.413; P < 0.001). A cutoff value of 5.38 from follow-up PET/CT was identified as having maximal accuracy for detecting locoregional recurrence by ROC analysis. Conclusion: MTV at staging work-up was significantly associated with disease free survival. The SUVmax value from follow-up PET/CT showed high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of locoregional recurrence in postoperatively irradiated HNSCC.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.197-211
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce the progress of treatment and improve clinical use after conducting Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, the main technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, for a patient with panic disorder. Methods: We conducted a Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind for 10 sessions on an age 23 female diagnosed with panic disorder based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. After receiving consent from the subject, through chart review, the progress of treatment was observed focusing on the MMPI-2 and CSEI-s (The Core Seven Emotions Inventory-short form) conducted pre- and post-treatment. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital (WMCSB202007-55). Results: 1. The MMPI-2 clinical scales of an age 23 female with panic disorder showed a 7 (Pt)-1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile pre-treatment, but for post-treatment, the scale showed 1 (Hs)-3 (Hy) profile, and the 7 (Pt) scale showed significant decline. In the MMPI-2 reconstructed clinical scales, RC7 (Dysfunctional Negative Emotions) and RC8 (Aberrant Experiences) showed significant decline. 2. In the pre- and post-treatment MMPI-2 content scales, Anxiety, Fears, Obsessiveness, Social Discomfort, and Work Interference scores decreased, showing overall positive stability. On the MMPI-2 supplementary scales, the Anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder scores decreased, and the Ego Strength increased, resulting in improved overall psychological adaptation. 3. Pre- and post-treatment of an age 23 female with panic disorder, CSEI-s showed significant decline of 恐, 驚, 悲, and 思. So it seems that the emotions caused by Chiljeongsang (七情傷) were more stable than before treatment. Conclusions: As shown above, the treatment of panic disorder through Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind, a major technique of Mindfulness & Loving Beingness psychotherapy, showed positive changes in MMPI-2 as well as improvement of the subjective symptoms. Thus, Mentalizing the Rooms of Mind has high clinical use, and it seems that it is necessary to create a manual for this in the future.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.779-783
• /
• 2004

P. pentosaceus CBT SL4균이 생산하는 항균물질 농축건조물은 H. pylori균에 대하여 평판 및 액상배양 조건에서 생육억제 활성이 확인되었고, 사막모래쥐를 사용한 감염실험에서는 감염방어 및 제균작용이, 보균자 인체실험에서는 제균작용이 확인되었다. 최근 3제 요법이나 신규 약물 등에 의하여 자각증세가 있는 위염증 환자에서의 제균율은 크게 향상되었으나, 국내의 경우에는 전체국민의 감염율이 매우 높은 것과 식습관 등의 요인에 의하여 단체 및 사회생활을 통한 신규감염이나 재감염을 방어할 효과적 수단은 없는 상태에 있다. 따라서, 일상적인 섭취가 가능하고, 병원균의 내성개발 우려나 인체에 대한 부작용이 없으며, H. pylori균에 대한 감염방어 및 제균작용을 동시에 지닌 유산균 및 그 항균활성물질을 이용한 식품소재는 국민전체의 H. pylori 감염율을 낮추고, 신규감염과 재감염의 악순환을 방지하기 위한 유용한 방어수단이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 한편, 유산균 배양액에 의한 H. pylori균에 대한 생육억제 현상은 모든 유산균에서 보편적인 현상은 아닌 것으로서 특정한 균주의 배양액에서만 관찰되고 있어 단순히 젖산 등 유기산에 의한 효과로 보기에는 어려움이 있으며 Gram 음성의 병원균들은 외막의 보호작용에 의하여 분자량이 큰 박테리오신 성분에 의해서는 생육이 억제되지 않는 것으로 판단되고 있다. 저자들은 당 균주가 생성하는 H. pylori 생육 억제 물질을 산성의 저분자 물질로 추정하고, 물질 및 작용기작 규명을 위하여 활성물질의 분리 및 구조분석 작업을 진행 중에 있으며, 이러한 연구가 완료되면 분리정제 물질을 활용한 추가적인 산업화 용도 개발이 가능할 것으로 기대하고 있다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.461-474
• /
• 2005

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional medicine. Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract(SSE) have long clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SSE on bone formation in human osteoblastic cell line. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB 1.19) was cultured with DMEM and SSE($1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $1mg/ml$) at $34^{\cdot}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. The proliferation, differentiation of the cell was evaluated by several experiments. Cell proliferation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 3 and 7 days incubation(p<0.05). Cell spreading assay was significantly increased at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE after 3 days and $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 7 days(p<0.05). Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) level was significantly increased in $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). Collagen synthesis was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). A quantified calcium accumulation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE(p<0.05). ALP and osteocalcin mRNA was expressed in $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE by RT-PCR. These results indicate that SSE are capable of increasing osteoblasts mineralization and may play an important role in bone formation.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2017

In addition to its typical use for skin rejuvenation, fractional laser irradiation of early cancerous lesions may reduce the risk of tumor development as a byproduct of wound healing in the stroma after the controlled injury. While fractional ablative lasers are commonly used for cosmetic/aesthetic purposes (e.g., photorejuvenation, hair removal, and scar reduction), we propose a novel use of such laser treatments as a stromal treatment to delay tumorigenesis and suppress carcinogenesis. In this study, we found that non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) irradiation may have a possible suppressive effect on early tumor growth in syngeneic mouse tumor models. We included two syngeneic mouse tumor models in irradiation groups and control groups. In the irradiation group, a thulium fiber based NAFL at 1927 nm was used to irradiate the skin area including the tumor injection region with 70 mJ/spot, while no laser irradiation was applied to the control group. Numerical simulation with the same experimental condition showed that thermal damage was confined only to the irradiation spots, sparing the adjacent tissue area. The irradiation groups of both tumor models showed smaller tumor volumes than the control group at an early tumor growth stage. We also detected elevated inflammatory cytokine levels a day after the NAFL irradiation. NAFL treatment of the stromal tissue could potentially be an alternative anticancer therapeutic modality for early tumorigenesis in a minimally invasive manner.