• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2823-2828
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• 2012

Objective: To explore a new model of in-situ xenograft lymphangiogenesis of human colonic adenocarcinomas in nude mice. Method: On the basis of establishing subcutaneous xenograft lymphangiogenesis model of human colonic adenocarcinoms, in-situ xenografts were established through the in situ growth of the HT-29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line in nude mice. The numbers of lymphangiogenic microvessels, the expression of lymphatic endothelial cell markers lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaloronic acid receptor-1 (LYVE-1), D2-40 and the lymphatic endothelial growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), -D (VEGF-D) and receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) were compared by immunohistochemical staining, Western bolt and quantitative RT-PCR in xenograft in-situ models. Results: Some microlymphatics with thin walls, large and irregular or collapsed cavities and increased LMVD, with strong positive of LYVE-1, D2-40 in immunohistochemistry, were observed, identical with the morphological characteristics of lymphatic vessels and capillaries. Expression of LYVE-1 and D2-40 proteins and mRNAs were significantly higher in xenograpfts in-situ than in the negative control group(both P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 proteins and mRNAs were significantly higher in xenografts in-situ (both P<0.01), in conformity with the signal regulation of the VEGF-C,-D/VEGFR-3 axis of tumor lymphangiogenesis. Conclusions: In-situ xenografts of a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line demonstrate tumor lymphangiogenesis. This novel in-situ animal model should be useful for further studying mechanisms of lymph node metastasis, drug intervention and anti-metastasis therapy in colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

Purpose: Some controversies exist over the prognostic values of lymphatic, venous, and neural invasion in patients with gastric cancer. This study was conducted to confirm the prognostic values of these histopathologic factors in gastric cancer patients who received a gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: Data for clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcomes were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 1,018 gastric cancer patients who received a gastrectomy at Yeungnam University Medical Center between January 1995 and December 1999. A statistical analysis was done using the SPSS program for Windows (Version 10.0, SPSS Inc., USA). The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival analysis. Prognostic factors were analyzed by using a multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Ages ranged from 21 to 79 (median age, 56). A univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, location, gross type, depth of invasion, extent of gastrectomy or lymph node dissection, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, neural invasion, pathologic stage, histologic type, and curability of surgery had statistical significance. Among these factors, lymph node metastasis, curability of surgery, neural invasion, lymphatic invasion, and depth of invasion were found to be independent prognostic factors by using a multivariate analysis. Venous invasion showed no prognostic value in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Neural invasion and lymphatic invasion are useful parameters in determining a prognosis for gastric cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2021

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) typically has a good prognosis, but it frequently metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes. Although survival impact of lymph node metastasis is not clear, complementary treatment is generally added after surgery when lymphatic metastasis exists. Several previous studies have reported that the multifocal PTC is associated with poor prognosis and requires selective neck dissection to prevent regional lymph node metastasis, but they are under controversy. In this study, we present a 24-year-old female patient, diagnosed as PTC with intrathyroidal spread and regional lymph node metastases. Intrathyroidal spread of PTC can only be observed microscopically and is believed to have the similar origin of unicentric multifocal PTC. As multifocal PTC is highly associated with regional lymph node metastasis and requires an additional treatment, PTC with intrathyroidal spread may follow a similar clinical course and treatment plan. Here we report the case with a brief literature review and expect its attribution to further academic interest of treatment choice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.5
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• 2022

An 8-year-old spayed female, mixed dog presented multiple, bloody exudative skin lesions on the bilateral flank which spread 1 week after mastectomy for treatment of mammary gland tumor (MGT). Multiple, ill-marginated, irregular, and heterogeneously thickened cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions and enlarged lymph nodes were identified in ultrasound and computed tomography. Histopathological examination confirmed adenocarcinoma with lymphatic invasion presumed to be metastatic MGT. Clinical signs improved after chemotherapy but died after 1 month. This study suggests that cutaneous metastasis be considered for differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions in dogs with a history of MGT, although skin metastasis from MGT is rare.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.162-166
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• 2011

Purpose: Endoscopic resection is widely accepted as standard treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC) without lymph node metastasis. The procedure is minimally invasive, safe, and convenient. However, surgery is sometimes needed after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)/endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) due to perforation, bleeding, or incomplete resection. We evaluated the role of surgery after incomplete resection. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 29 patients with gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy after incomplete EMR/ESD from 2006 to 2010 at Korea University Hospital. Results: There were 13 incomplete resection cases, seven bleeding cases, three metachronous lesion cases, three recurrence cases, two perforation cases, and one lymphatic invasion case. Among the incomplete resection cases, a positive vertical margin was found in 10, a positive lateral margin in two, and a positive vertical and lateral margin in one case. Most cases (9/13) were diagnosed as mucosal tumors by endoscopic ultrasonography, but only three cases were confirmed as mucosal tumors on final pathology. The positive residual tumor rate was two of 13. The lymph node metastasis rate was three of 13. All lymph node metastasis cases were submucosal tumors with positive lymphatic invasion and no residual tumor in the gastrectomy specimen. No cases of recurrence were observed after curative resection. Conclusions: A gastrectomy is required for patients with incomplete resection following EMR/ESD due to the risk of residual tumor and lymph node metastasis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.478-483
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• 2015

Due to the fact that it reliably results in positive outcomes, lymph node flap transfer is becoming an increasingly popular surgical procedure for the prevention and treatment of lymphedema. This technique has been shown to stimulate lymphoangiogenesis and restore lymphatic function, as well as decreasing infection rates, minimizing pain, and preventing the recurrence of lymphedema. In this article, we investigate possible additional benefits of lymph node flap transfer, primarily the possibility that sentinel lymph nodes may be used to detect micrometastasis or in-transit metastasis and may function as an additional lymphatic station after the excision of advanced skin cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10513-10524
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• 2015

Background: Metastasis is a major reason for poor prognosis in patients with cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A salient feature is the ability of cancer cells to colonize different organs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including metastasis. Materials and Methods: In this study, the lncRNA expression profiles of two HCC cell lines, one with high potential for metastasis to the lung (HCCLM3) and the other to lymph nodes (HCCLYM-H2) were assessed using the Arraystar Human LncRNA Array v2.0, which contains 33,045 lncRNAs and 30,215 mRNAs. Coding-non-coding gene co-expression (CNC) networks were constructed and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify lncRNAs with potential functions in organ-specific metastasis. Levels of two representative lncRNAs and one representative mRNA, RP5-1014O16.1, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8, were further detected in HCC cell lines with differing metastasis potential by qRT-PCR. Results: Using microarray data, we identified 1,482 lncRNAs and 1,629 mRNAs that were differentially expressed (${\geq}1.5$ fold-change) between the two HCC cell lines. The most upregulated lncRNAs in H2 were RP11-672F9.1, RP5-1014O16.1, and RP11-501G6.1, while the most downregulated ones were lincRNA-TSPAN8, lincRNA-CALCA, C14orf132, NCRNA00173, and CR613944. The most upregulated mRNAs in H2 were C15orf48, PSG2, and PSG8, while the most downregulated ones were CALCB, CD81, CD24, TSPAN8, and SOST. Among them, lincRNA-TSPAN8 and TSPAN8 were found highly expressed in high lung metastatic potential HCC cells, while lowly expressed in no or low lung metastatic potential HCC cells. RP5-1014O16.1 was highly expressed in high lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines, while lowly expressed in no lymphatic metastatic potential HCC cell lines. Conclusions: We provide the first detailed description of lncRNA expression profiles related to organ-specific metastasis in HCC. We demonstrated that a large number of lncRNAs may play important roles in driving HCC cells to metastasize to different sites; these lncRNAs may provide novel molecular biomarkers and offer a new basis for combating metastasis in HCC cases.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2012

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most aggressive intracranial tumor and it commonly spreads by direct extension and infiltration into the adjacent brain tissue and along the white matter tract. The metastatic spread of GBM outside of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare. The possible mechanisms of extraneural metastasis of the GBM have been suggested. They include the lymphatic spread, the venous invasion and the direct invasion through dura and bone. We experienced a 46-year-old man who had extraneural metastasis of the G8M on his left neck. The patient was treated with surgery for 5 times, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. He had survived 6 years since first diagnosed. Although the exact mechanism of the extraneural metastasis is not well understood, this present case shows the possibility of extraneural metastasis of the G8M, especially in patients with long survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권14호
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• pp.5557-5563
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• 2014

Background: This study investigated the survival benefit of radiotherapy (RT) of the supra- and infraclavicular lymphatic drainage area in Chinese women with T1-2N1M0 breast cancer receiving mastectomy. Methods: A total of 593 cases were retrospectively reviewed from 1998 to 2007. The relationship between supra- or infraclavicular fossa relapse (SCFR) and post-operative RT at the supra-/infraclavicular lymphatic drainage area was evaluated. Results: The majority of patients (532/593; 89. 8%) received no RT while 61 patients received RT. The median follow-up was 85 months. Among patients without RT, 54 (10. 2%) developed recurrence in the chest wall or ipsilateral SCFR. However, none of the 61 patients who underwent RT demonstrated SCFR. One patient who received RT (1. 6%) experienced recurrence in the chest wall. Univariate analysis revealed that age and molecular subtype (both P < 0. 05) were two prognostic factors related to supraclavicular and infraclavicular fossa relapse-free survival (SFRFS). Multivariate analysis revealed that only Her-2 positive status (P = 0. 011) was an independent predictor of SFRFS. RT had no influence on distant metastasis (P = 0. 328) or overall survival (P = 0. 541). SCFR significantly affected probability of distant metastasis (P < 0. 001) and overall survival (P < 0. 001). Conclusion: Although RT was not significantly associated with SFRFS, postoperative RT was significantly associated with a lower locoregional (i. e., supraclavicular/infraclavicular and chest wall) recurrence rate. SCFR significantly influenced distant metastasis-free survival, which significantly influenced the overall survival of T1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Thus, prophylactic RT is recommended in T1-2N1M0 breast cancer patients, especially those who have Her-2 positive lesions.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.3-6
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Nodal metastasis is one of the prognostic factors in salivary gland cancer. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors of nodal metastasis considered as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with salivary gland cancer. Material and Methods: The authors retrospectively studied 82 patients with salivary gland cancer who underwent surgery from 1992 to 2002. We analyzed age, sex, tumor size, histologic type and 5-year survival rate to compare patients with and without nodal metastasis. Results: Mean age was 55.4 years, with a male-female ratio of 1 : 1.28. The overall 5-year survival rate was 85.5%. Among the 82 patients, 14 patients had nodal metastasis. There was no nodal metastasis in low grade malignancy. In patients without nodal metastasis, mean age was 52.5 years and the overall 5-year survival rate was 94.2%. In patients with nodal metastasis, mean age was 69.4 years and the overall 5-year survival rate was 42.9%. In patients with less advanced cancer (T1-T2 stage), the nodal metastasis was 7.5% and with advanced cancer (T3-T4 stage), 33.3%. Conclusion: Nodal metastasis significantly decreases survival in patients with salivary gland malignancy. High grade malignancy, large tumor size and old age are important risk factors of nodal metastasis. Nodal metastasis is more common in submandibular gland cancer compared with parotid gland cancer.