• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제65권3호
• /
• pp.191-197
• /
• 2008

연구배경: 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 점진적인 폐기능의 악화 및 치료의 장기화는 환자의 삶의 질을 저하시키며 우울증의 발생 가능성을 높인다. 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 우울증의 빈도, 호흡기 증상과 관련된 삶의 질 정도와 우울증과의 관계 및 관련 인자에 관해 알아보았다. 방 법: 대상은 2007년 3월부터 9월까지 영남대학교 의료원 호흡기내과 외래를 방문한 59명의 만성폐쇄성폐질환환자로 하였으며, 이들에서 폐기능 검사 및 해당 설문조사를 시행하였다. 호흡기 증상과 관련된 삶의 질에 대한 평가는 SGRQ (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), 우울증은 우울척도인 CES-D (Center for Epidermiological Studies-Depression Scale)를 사용하였다. 결 과: 연구 결과 만성폐쇄성폐질환자에서 우울증의 유병율은 17.0%로 일반인들의 우울증 유병률보다 높았다.SGRQ 결과 증상, 활동 제한, 영향력 제한, 총 점수 모두 우울증상과 양의 상관관계를 보였다(p=0.010, 0.001, 0.000, 0.046). 폐기능 검사에서 $FEV_1$은 SGRQ 및 우울증상과 음의상관관계를 보였다(p=0.001, 0.000, 0.000, 0.002, 0.006). 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 생활수준이 낮을수록 우울증상은 증가하였고 삶의 질도 저하되었으나 교육 수준, 신뢰도 정도 등과는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론: 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자는 일반인들에 비해 우울증의 유병률이 높았으며 우울증상에 관여하는 의미있는 인자는 폐기능의 감소와 경제적 수준이었다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 1997

Cigarette is the risk factor of Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ischemic heart disease. So I have studied the effect of Macmoondongtang in rat exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-six healthy rat subjects were divided into 6 groups-the control group(sample I), the groups of administration of Platycodi Radix(sampleII), Adenophorae Radix(sampleIII), Liriopsis Tuber(sampleIV), Maximowicziae Fructus(sample V) and Macmoondongtang(sample VI), and expose to cigarette per day for 12 days. 1. On level of leckocyte are significant all the group of sampleII, sampleIII, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 6th day and singificant the groups of sampleIV, sample V on 12th day. 2. On level of hemoglobin are singificant the groups of sample IV, sample V, sample VI, on 6th day, and significant sample II, sample III, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 12th day. 3. On platelet level are significant all the group of sampleII, sample III, sample IV, sample V, sample VI on 12th day. 4. On SOD activity are significant all the groups of sample IV, sample VI, on 6th day, and significant sampleII, sample III, sample VI on 12th day. According to the results, Macmoondogtang is effective to risk of cigarette smoke.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.576-590
• /
• 2023

Machine learning is widely used in various academic fields, and recently it has been actively applied in the medical research. In the medical field, machine learning is used in a variety of ways, such as speeding up diagnosis, discovering new biomarkers, or discovering latent traits of a disease. In the respiratory field, a relative regional air volume change (RRAVC) map based on quantitative inspiratory and expiratory computed tomography (CT) imaging can be used as a useful functional imaging biomarker for characterizing regional ventilation. In this study, we seek to predict RRAVC using various regular machine learning models such as extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). We experimentally show that MLP performs best, followed by XGBoost. We also propose several relative coordinate systems to minimize intersubjective variability. We confirm a significant experimental performance improvement when we apply a subject's relative proportion coordinates over conventional absolute coordinates.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
• /
• 제35권
• /
• pp.26.1-26.15
• /
• 2023

Background: The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in incidence rates of targeted diseases by classification of occupations among construction workers in Korea. Methods: In a subject-based cohort of the Korean Construction Worker's Cohort, we surveyed a total of 1,027 construction workers. As occupational exposure, the classification of occupations was developed using two axes: construction business and job type. To analyze disease incidence, we linked survey data with National Health Insurance Service data. Eleven target disease categories with high prevalence or estimated work-relatedness among construction workers were evaluated in our study. The average incidence rates were calculated as cases per 1,000 person-years (PY). Results: Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes had the highest incidence rate of 344.08 per 1,000 PY, followed by disease of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue for 208.64 and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue for 197.87 in our cohort. We especially found that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was more common in construction painters, civil engineering welders, and civil engineering frame mold carpenters, asthma in construction painters, landscape, and construction water proofers, interstitial lung diseases in construction water proofers. Conclusions: This is the first study to systematically classify complex construction occupations in order to analyze occupational diseases in Korean construction workers. There were differences in disease incidences among construction workers based on the classification of occupations. It is necessary to develop customized occupational safety and health policies for high-risk occupations for each disease in the construction industry.

• Neonatal Medicine
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.7-15
• /
• 2018

We need to understand the outcomes into adulthood for survivors born either extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1,000 g) or extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestational age), particularly their blood pressure and cardiovascular metabolic status,respiratory function, growth, psychological and mental health performance, and functional outcomes. Blood pressure is higher in late adolescence and early adulthood in ELBW/EP survivors compared with controls. In some studies, expreterm survivors have higher insulin and blood lipid concentrations than controls, which may also increase their risk for later cardiovascular disease. ELBW/EP survivors have more expiratory airflow obstruction than do controls. Those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the newborn period have even worse lung function than those who did not have BPD. As a group, they are unlikely to achieve their full lung growth potential, which means that more of them are likely to develop chronic obstructive airway disease in later life. Although they are smaller than term born controls, their weight gradually rises and ultimately reaches a mean z-score close to zero in late adolescence, and they ultimately attain a height z-score close to their mid-parental height z-score. On average, ex-preterm survivors have intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and performance on tests of academic achievement approximately 2/3 SD lower than do controls, and they also perform less well on tests of attention and executive function. They have similar high rates of anxiety and depression symptoms in late adolescence as do controls. They are, however, over-represented in population registries for rarer disorders such as schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. In cohort studies, ex-preterm survivors mostly report good quality of life and participation in daily activities, and they report good levels of self-esteem. In population studies, they require higher levels of economic assistance, such as disability pensions, they do not achieve education levels as high as controls, fewer are married, and their rates of reproduction are lower, at least in early adulthood. Survivors born ELBW/EP will present more and more to health carers in adulthood, as they survive in larger numbers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제57권6호
• /
• pp.584-588
• /
• 2004

수년간의 반복되는 객혈로 내원한 21세 여자환자에서 방사선학적 소견상 진균덩이가 의심되어 흉강경을 이용한 우하엽 절제술을 시행하였으며, 절제한 조직의 병리 조직학적 검사상 기관지 기원 낭내 발생한 국균종과 이에 동반된 방선균증으로 진단된 예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.418-438
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to review the effects of herbal medicine on respiratory diseases induced by the treatment of particulate matter in in vivo animal models. Methods: Literature searches were performed in seven databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, KISS, KTKP, OASIS, and ScienceON). After the searched studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the publication date, origin, used animals, induction of particulate matter models, herbal medicine used for intervention, study design, outcome measure, and results of studies were analyzed. Results: Among a total of 972 studies primarily searched, 34 studies were finally included in our study. Of this number, 29 studies induced animal models by using only particulate matter, and 5 studies induced animal models with respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by using particulate matter and other materials. In the selected studies, the treatments of herbal medicine in particulate matter models suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and blood as well as lung injury in histological analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that herbal medicine is effective in treating respiratory diseases induced by particulate matter. These results are also expected to be useful data for designing further studies. However, more systematically designed in vivo studies related to particulate matter are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제70권6호
• /
• pp.474-481
• /
• 2011

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by air low limitation, which is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There have been many studies on survival rates in the world literature, but there have been few reports regarding the survival rate in Korean patients with COPD. Acute exacerbation is regarded as a risk factor for mortality in patients with COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the survival rate and the effect of acute exacerbations on the survival rate of Korean patients with COPD. Methods: A total of 502 COPD patients who were diagnosed on the basis of history and lung function tests were enrolled in this study. The frequency of acute exacerbations, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulmonary hypertension were analyzed. Results: The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 98% and 83%, respectively. The median survival time was 78 months. The median survival time was 55 months in 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were significantly lower in the 322 patients with one or more acute exacerbations than in those without any. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with CRP>3 mg/L than in those with CRP ${\leq}3$ mg/L (p<0.005); it was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension than in those without it (p<0.01). Conclusion: Because the 5-year survival rate is 83% in Korean patients with COPD, the management of stable patients with COPD should focus on the prevention of acute exacerbations.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제84권2호
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 2021

Background: Many chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients receiving monotherapy continue to experience symptoms, exacerbations and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of direct switch from once-daily tiotropium (TIO) 18 ㎍ to indacaterol/glycopyrronium (IND/GLY) 110/50 ㎍ once daily in COPD patients in Korea. Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, parallel group, 12-week trial in mild-to-moderate COPD patients who received TIO 18 ㎍ once daily for ≥12 weeks prior to study initiation. Patients aged ≥40 years, with predicted post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) ≥50%, post-bronchodilator FEV₁/forced vital capacity <0.7 and smoking history of ≥10 pack-years were included. Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either IND/GLY or TIO. The primary objective was to demonstrate superiority of IND/GLY over TIO in pre-dose trough FEV₁ at week 12. Secondary endpoints included transition dyspnea index (TDI) focal score, COPD assessment test (CAT) total score, and rescue medication use following the 12-week treatment, and safety assessment. Results: Of the 442 patients screened, 379 were randomized and 347 completed the study. IND/GLY demonstrated superiority in pre-dose trough FEV₁ versus TIO at week 12 (least squares mean treatment difference [Δ], 50 mL; p=0.013). Also, numerical improvements were observed with IND/GLY in the TDI focal score (Δ, 0.31), CAT total score (Δ, -0.81), and rescue medication use (Δ, -0.09 puffs/day). Both treatments were well tolerated by patients. Conclusion: A direct switch from TIO to IND/GLY provided improvements in lung function and other patient-reported outcomes with an acceptable safety profile in patients with mild-to-moderate airflow limitation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제65권4호
• /
• pp.313-317
• /
• 2008

저자들은 기침, 우측 흉부 불쾌감을 주소로 내원한 58세 남자 환자에서 기관지내시경 육안 소견상 양성 종양이 의심 되었으나 조직 검사상 지방종을 확진하지 못하였고 악성 종양을 배제할 수 없는 상황에서 종괴에 의한 우중엽과 우하엽의 허탈 및 폐쇄성 폐렴 때문에 수술적 치료를 시행하였으며, 수술 결과 기관지 지방종에 의한 폐허탈과 함께 폐쇄세기관지기질화 폐렴이 발생한 예가 있어 보고하는 바이다.