• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2131-2153
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• 2022

To achieve accurate detection of tuberculosis (TB) areas in chest radiographs, we design a chest X-ray TB area detection algorithm. The algorithm consists of two stages: the chest X-ray TB classification network (CXTCNet) and the chest X-ray TB area detection network (CXTDNet). CXTCNet is used to judge the presence or absence of TB areas in chest X-ray images, thereby excluding the influence of other lung diseases on the detection of TB areas. It can reduce false positives in the detection network and improve the accuracy of detection results. In CXTCNet, we propose a channel attention mechanism (CAM) module and combine it with DenseNet. This module enables the network to learn more spatial and channel features information about chest X-ray images, thereby improving network performance. CXTDNet is a design based on a sparse object detection algorithm (Sparse R-CNN). A group of fixed learnable proposal boxes and learnable proposal features are using for classification and location. The predictions of the algorithm are output directly without non-maximal suppression post-processing. Furthermore, we use CLAHE to reduce image noise and improve image quality for data preprocessing. Experiments on dataset TBX11K show that the accuracy of the proposed CXTCNet is up to 99.10%, which is better than most current TB classification algorithms. Finally, our proposed chest X-ray TB detection algorithm could achieve AP of 45.35% and AP50 of 74.20%. We also establish a chest X-ray TB dataset with 304 sheets. And experiments on this dataset showed that the accuracy of the diagnosis was comparable to that of radiologists. We hope that our proposed algorithm and established dataset will advance the field of TB detection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.791-807
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• 2021

Vasculitis is a systemic disease, characterized by inflammation of the vascular wall. Although rare, it is sometimes life-threatening due to diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage or acute glomerulonephritis. Besides primary vasculitis, whose cause is unknown, numerous conditions such as autoimmune diseases, drugs, infections, and tumors can cause secondary vasculitis. Vasculitis displays various non-specific symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings; hence, diagnosis of the disease requires integration of various results including clinical features, imaging findings, autoantibody tests, and pathological findings. In this review, we have discussed the clinical, radiologic, and pathological features of vasculitis. Further, we elaborated the imaging findings and differential diagnosis of typical vasculitis that frequently involves the lung and introduced a new international classification of vasculitis, the Diagnostic and Classification Criteria in Vasculitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.3
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• pp.262-266
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• 2015

Plasmacytomas are extramedullary accumulations of plasma cells originating from soft tissue. Mediastinal plasmacytoma is a rare presentation. A 67-year-old man recovered after antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. However, on convalescent chest radiography after 3 months, mass like lesion at the right lower lung field was newly detected. Follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an increase in the extent of the right posterior mediastinal mass that we had considered to be pneumonic consolidations on previous CT scans. Through percutaneous needle biopsy, we diagnosed IgG kappa type extramedullary plasmacytoma of the posterior mediastinum.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.511-515
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• 2011

The fat-forming variant of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm that was previously referred to as a lipomatous hemangiopericytoma (L-HPC). The most common affected site is deep soft tissue. Here, we present the first case, worldwide, of a fat-forming variant of SFT of the pleura. A 74-year-old man presented with left lower chest pain. Chest radiographs showed a mass-like lesion at the left lower lung field and chest computed tomography revealed a 12 cm fat-containing enhancing mass that was well-separated, lobulated and inhomogeneous. Radiology findings suggested a liposarcoma. Percutaneous needle biopsy was performed and pathological diagnosis of the mass was a fat-forming variant of SFT. Surgical resection was carried out and there has been no recurrence to date. So, a benign fat-forming variant of SFT must be considered as one of the differential diagnoses of lipomatous tumors of the pleura.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.6
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• pp.504-510
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• 2011

Background: $^{67}Ga$ scintigraphy has been used for years in sarcoidosis for diagnosis and to determine the extent of the disease. The present report is a study of various findings of $^{67}Ga$ scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. Methods: Between 1998 and 2007, 16 patients (male：female, 6:10; age, $35.9{\pm}15.3$ years) with histologically proven sarcoidosis underwent clinical evaluation and $^{67}Ga$ scintigraphy. According to the site of involvement, they were divided into subtypes and analyzed. Results: Sixteen patients with sarcoidosis had involvement of various organs, including lymph nodes (13/16, 81.3%), lung (3/16, 18.8%), muscle (1/16, 6.3%), subcutaneous tissue (1/16, 6.3%), glands (1/16, 6.3%), and bone (1/16, 6.3%). Sites of involved lymph nodes were thorax (12/13, 92.3%), supraclavicular area (5/13, 38.5%), inguinal area (2/13, 15.4%), abdomen (2/13, 15.4%), and pelvis (1/13, 7.7%). Conclusion: Because sarcoidosis frequently involves multiple organs, $^{67}Ga$ scintigraphy is a useful method in for evaluating the whole body. Nuclear medicine physicians should be familiar with the various findings of gallium uptake in sarcoidosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.469-472
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• 2006

We experienced a rare case of trachea diverticula combined with the sequela of tuberculosis and a fungus ball. The patient had complained of coughing and hemoptysis for a long time after experiencing tuberculosis. He was admitted due to hemoptysis and the aggravation of coughing. The CT scan showed a variable sized trachea diverticula combined with tuberculosis sequela and a fungus ball in the right lung fields. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopy and a CT scan. After bronchial artery embolization and conservative treatment, the patient's symptoms improved and the patient was discharged.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6501-6505
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• 2013

To obtain a screening and early detection reference for individuals who have a family history of cancer on the paternal side, we collected and analyzed data from 240 pairs in which both fathers and their children were diagnosed with cancer. Disease categories of fathers and sons were similar to that of the general population of China, whereas daughters were different from general female population with high incidence of breast cancer and gynecological cancer. Sons were more likely than daughters to have the same type of cancer, or to have cancer in the same organ system as their fathers (P < 0.0001). Sons and daughters developed malignant diseases 11 and 16 years earlier than their fathers, respectively (P < 0.0001 for both sons and daughters). Daughters developed malignant diseases 5 years earlier than sons (P < 0.0001). Men with a family history of malignant tumors on the paternal side should be screened for malignancies from the age of 45 years, or 11 years earlier than the age of their fathers' diagnosis, and women should be screened from the age of 40 years, or 16 years earlier than the age at which their fathers were diagnosed with cancer. Lung cancer should be investigated in both men and women, whilst screening should focus on cancer of the digestive system in men and on breast and gynecological cancer (ovary, uterine and cervical cancer) in women.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.502-507
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• 2000

Carcinoma of the prostate is a common malignancy affecting elderly men. Lung metastasis from prostate cancer occurs frequently, but tumor metastasis to the central bronchi that clinically mimics primary bronchogenic carcinoma are very rare. We report a 73-year old man with endobronchial metastasis from prostatic carcinoma presented with respiratory symptom cough. Diagnosis of tissues taken from materials which were used for bronchoscopic biopsy and prostate biopsy and immunohistochemical staining for prostate specific antigen (PSA) confirmed a case of endobronchial metastasis from prostatic carcinoma. Hormonal therapy (LHRH agonist) was applied to this patient.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 2009

Miliary tuberculosis is quite a rare but serious cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, the early detection of military tuberculosis as the underlying cause of ARDS is very important for the prognosis and survival of the patient. We report a case of military tuberculosis mimicking ARDS. A female patient was admitted due to repeated fever and dyspnea. The initial chest CT scan showed diffuse ground glass opacity, without a miliary pattern. The case was considered to be ARDS caused by pneumonia. She showed improvement after being treated with levofloxacin. However, she was re-admitted with fever seven days after discharge. The follow up chest CT scan showed micronodules in both lungs. An open lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of military tuberculosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2009

Bronchogenic cyst arises from anomalous budding of the primitive foregut during embryonic development and it represents a part of the spectrum of bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. Approximately two-thirds of the malformations are found within the mediastinum, and one-third are found in the lung parenchyma. The prevalence of bronchogenic cyst is unknown, presumably because most patients are asymptomatic. Incidentally detected bronchogenic cysts are usually removed at the time of diagnosis. We do not know how and why bronchogenic cysts grow. We recently experienced a case of rapidly growing mediastinal mass in a young adult, and this presented as a huge mass that had newly developed within one year. This mass was pathologically confirmed to be a bronchogenic cyst. We report on this case of a rapidly growing bronchogenic cyst, which is a rare characteristic of this type of cyst.