• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.577-582
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• 2004

In this paper, lumped equivalent circuits for a conventional parallel directional coupler are proposed. This equivalent circuits only have self inductance and self capacitance, so we can design exact lumped equivalent circuit. The equivalent circuit and design formula for the presented lumped element coupler is derived based on the even- and odd-mode properties of parallel-coupled line. By using the derived design formula, we have designed the 3dB and 4.7dB MMIC couplers at the center frequency of 3.4GHz and 5.6GHz respectively. Measurements for the designed MMIC directional couplers show at 4dB and 5.2dB-coupling value at the center frequency of 3.4GHz and 5.6GHz. Excellent agreements between simulation results and measurement results on the designed directional couplers show the validity of this paper

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2002

In this paper, we have designed a small size lumped/distributed hybrid element directional coupler using parallel coupled-line theory. a hybrid lumped equivalent circuit for a conventional parallel directional coupler is proposed. The equivalent circuit and design formula for the presented lumped element coupler are derived based on the even- and odd-mode properties of a parallel-coupled line. By using the derived design formula, we have extracted design parameters and designed the 3㏈ and 10㏈ small size lumped element directional couplers at the center frequency of 2Ghz. Excellent agreements between design theory and simulation on the designed directional couplers show the validity of this paper.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1036-1043
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• 2003

In this paper, novel lumped equivalent circuits for a conventional parallel directional coupler are proposed. This novel equivalent circuits only have self inductance and self capacitance, so we can design exact lumped equivalent circuit. The equivalent circuit and design formula for the presented lumped element coupler is derived based on the even- and odd-mode properties of a parallel-coupled line. By using the derived design formula, we have designed the 3 dB and 10 dB lumped element directional couplers at the center frequency of 100 MHz and 2 GHz, respectively a chip type directional coupler has been designed with multilayer configurations by employing commercial EM simulator. Designed chip-type directional couplers have a 3 dB-coupling value at the center frequency of 2 GHz and fabricated lumped directional coupler on fr4 organic substrate has a 3 dB, 10 dB-coupling values at the center frequency of 100 MHz. Excellent agreements between simulation results and measurement results on the designed directional couplers show the validity of this paper. Furthermore, in order to adapt to multi-layer process such as Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC), chip-type lumped element couplers have been designed by using this method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1180-1185
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• 2009

In this paper, the Low Pass Filter (LPF) using the equivalent circuit of T-junction microstrip line is proposed. And we derived the formulas for lumped-elements of the equivalent circuit of T-junction microstrip line to solve the frequency shift characteristic. T-junction microstrip line is de-embedded by Electromagnetic simulation tool and exact lumped element value of T-junction microstrip line is calculated by the equation of Z-parameter. We can get excellent agreement between lumped-element LPF frequency response and transmission line LPF frequency response.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2002

In this paper, a novel lumped equivalent circuit for a conventional parallel directional coupler is proposed. The equivalent circuit and design formula for the presented lumped element coupler is derived based on the even-and odd-mode properties of a parallel-coupled line. By using the derived design formula, we have designed the 3㏈ and 10㏈ lumped element directional couplers at the center frequency of 100Mhz. Furthermore, a chip type directional coupler has been designed to fabricate with multilayer configurations by employing the Low Temperature CofiredCeramic (LTCC) process. Designed chip-type directional coupler has a 10㏈-coupling value at the center frequency of 2㎓. Excellent agreements between simulations and measurements on the designed directional couplers show the validity of this paper

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07c
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• pp.2028-2030
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• 2004

In this paper, a lumped equivalent circuit for a conventional parallel directional coupler is proposed. The equivalent circuit and design formula for the presented lumped element coupler is derived based on the even- and odd-mode properties of a parallel-coupled line. By using the derived design formula, we have designed the 3dB and 4.7dB lumped element directional couplers at the center frequency of 3.4GHz and 5.6GHz. A chip type directional coupler has been designed to fabricate with MMIC(Monolitic Microwave integrated circuit) process. Excellent agreements between simulations and measurements on the designed directional couplers show the validity of this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2002

This paper presents the design method and performance characteristics of a chip-type quadrature hybrid using LTCC-MLC technology. The design method for a chip-type quadrature hybrid is based on lumped element equivalent circuit of quarter-wave transformer. The chip-type quadrature hybrid was miniaturized to a greater extent using multilayer structure and lumped element. The proposed design method can also reduce the undesirable parasitic effects of the chip-type quadrature hybrid. The proposed chip-type quadrature hybrid was designed and fabricated using the proposed design method and the equivalent circuit model of a quarter-wave transformer. Fabrication and measurement of designed chip-type quadrature hybrid show much smaller size than a conventional distributed quadrature hybrid and a good agreement with simulated results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2001

A lumped electrical circuit is an approximate representation of the field within a curtain frequency range. The finite element modelling is a synonym of the equivalent circuit. The electric conduction field and electric potential wave field have been modelled by an admittance network and an LC low-pass filter network. Here in the present paper, the equivalent magnetic circuit representation is created for a magnetostatic field by the finite element modelling in two dimension.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2003

Abstract: RF Birdcage Resonator는 높은 자장 균질성과 신호 대 잡음비의 특성이 좋음으로 인해 MRI와 MRS 연구에 보편적으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 인체를 비롯한 동물실험을 위한 다양한 실험대상에 따라 코일의 크기를 예측하여 Birdcage Resonator를 개발하였다. Unloaded와 Loaded 상태에서의 전기적인 성향을 Lumped Element Circuit Theory를 따라 일반적인 분석을 하였을 뿐 아니라 실제적인 실험을 통한 분석도 하였다. Introduction: Birdcage Resonator 는 자장 균일성이 뛰어나고 신호대잡음비가 좋아 Magnetic Resonance Imaging과 Spectroscopy에 유용하게 사용되어지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 실험대상에 따른 여러 가지의 Birdcage Resonator를 개발하기 위해 Lumped Element Circuit Theory를 사용한 일반적인 이론적 방법론을 이용하여 코일을 분석하였을 뿐 아니라 실제 제작한 후 실험을 통한 실질적인 영상분석도 병행하여 진행하였다. Method: 실질적인 개발에 앞서 Lumped Element Circuit Theory를 통해 이론적인 분석으로부터 나온 여러 parameter들을 정리하였다. 제작 후 실험적인 분석은 Network Analyzer (HP 4195A, 미국)를 통한 1차적인 분석을 한 후 최종적으로 3T MRI 장비 (메디너스, 한국)에서 수행하였다. 제작된 Birdcage Resonator의 종류는 기본적으로 Low-Pass Filter를 적용한 12-column 구조이다. 각각의 직경과 element의 길이는 다음과 같다. 1) 직경 13cm, element의 길이 22cm, 2) 직경 15cm, element의 길이 22cm, 3) 직경 17 cm, element의 길이 25cm. Result and Discussion: 여러 parameter들을 이론적으로 계산하여 실제 Birdcage Resonator를 제작하여 실험적인 분석을 한 결과 많은 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그 이유는 이론적인 계산에서는 생각되지 않았던 요인들이 실제 제작에 있어서는 많은 영향을 미쳤기 때문인 것이다. Network Analyzer를 통한 1차적인 분석 후에도 실제의 Magnet Field내에서 또 다시 차이가 나는 것 또한 같은 이유에서이다. 그러므로 Birdcage Resonator 제작에 있어서 이러한 여러 요인들을 충분히 고려하여야 할 것이다. Acknowledgement: 본 연구는 2002 년도 한국과학재단 목적기초연구사업 (과제번호 : R0l-2002-000-00294-0 (2002) 지원아래 수행되었다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.374-379
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• 2010

In this paper, we have mathematically analyzed lumped element type negative group delay circuit (NGDC) and derived general design equation. The applicability of the proposed design equation is validated with mathematical and circuit simulation as well as with experimental results for intentional mobile telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) downlink band. As a design example, single branch NGDC with -0.8ns of group delay (GD) for narrow bandwidth of the specific frequency is simulated and fabricated. Finally, $\pi$-network NGDC is proposed and validated to obtain wideband GD response of $-1.7{\pm}0.06$ nsec for 60 MHz.