• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.383-392
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• 1998

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and constitutes one of the most important major pubulic health problems world wide. Therefore, in order to be helped early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, measurement of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is to be needed. Authors has analysed Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of 480 normal adults who visited woo suk unoversity Oriental Meclical Center from April 1998 to July 1998. The aims of this study is to investigate correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and age distribution, to examine the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of age, the peak bone density of lumbar spine was noted around 30 years, and the peak bone density of the femoral neck was noted around 20 years. The age related loss of bone density follows soon after peak density. And the signifficant difference was revealed between lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (p<0.001) 2. In distribution of sex, the bone density in male was signifficantly higher than in female (p<0.001). 3. In the correlation between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Obesity, Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in obese group was signifficantly higher than in non-obese group. Especially, in female from 50 up to 69 years, BMD had a positive correlation with Body mass index(BMI).

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of soymilk and exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) in underweight college women of 19-22 years of age, who had lower bone mass. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured for 52 underweight college women. Among them, 33 subjects, whose t-score value was below -1, were selected. Questionnaire survey, anthropometrical measurements, dietary recall, analysis of BMD, fasting serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were conducted before and after the 10 week study. The 33 subjects were divided into 2 groups： soymilk group (n=19), and soymilk ＋ exercise group (n=14). The soymilk group was given 400$m\ell$ soymilk containing 60mg of isoflavones on a daily basis and the soymilk ＋ exercise group exercised three times a week with a daily intake of 400$m\ell$ soymilk for 10 weeks. The average ages of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group were 21.1 years and 20.4 years, respectively and, there were no significant differences between the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group in the areas of height, weight or Body Mass Index (BMI). At the baseline, the mean daily energy intake of the soymilk group and the soymilk ＋ exercise group was 1,597.9kcal (79.43％ of RDA) and 1,704.2kcal (85.2％ of RDA), respectively. The mean calcium intake of the soymilk group (408.3mg) was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group (389.4mg). Despite the 400$m\ell$ soymilk supplementation, there were no significant changes of nutrient intake in either group after treatment. However, there were significant increases in BMD's of lumbar spine and femoral neck in both groups. There were some increases in the serum osteocalcin level and decreases in the urinary deoxypyridinoline level as well. BMD change of the soymilk group was not significantly different from that of the soymilk ＋ exercise group. In conclusion, supplementary intake of soymilk (containing 60mg of isoflavones) resulted in a significant increase in the BMD's of the lumbar spine and femoral neck in underweight college women with low bone mass. However, exercise did not result in any significant changes in the BMD's, implying the necessity for more intensive and specific long-term physical training for any substantial changes. Further investigation is necessary to determine the exercise that most strongly affects BMD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.394-405
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• 2011

Osteoporosis is a rising problem, as the older age population is increasing due to prolongation of life. Genetic and environmental factors play key roles in bone metabolism, and diet is also an important factor. We investigated the relationship among factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD), including daily food intake and nutrient intake in men aged >50 years. Seventy-eight men, who visited the health promotion center at one of the university medical centers, were divided into normal and osteopenia groups according to their BMD. The body weight of the normal group was significantly higher than that of the osteopenia group. The osteopenia group showed significantly higher carbohydrate intake and lower calcium and vegetable calcium intake compared to those in the normal group. Lumbar spine BMD was negatively correlated with energy, fat, vitamin B1, and sodium intake in the normal group. Additionally, femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with total animal protein, energy, protein, fat, phosphorous, iron, animal iron, potassium, vitamin B1, B2, B6, and niacin intake. Lumbar spine BMD was positively correlated with fruit, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, and vitamin C intake in the osteopenia group. Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with meat, dairy product, total animal protein, plant protein, animal protein, vitamin A, and cholesterol intake. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that several dietary factors affected BMD, including energy, fat, vitamin B1, B2, B6, niacin, sodium, protein, iron, animal iron, phosphorous, potassium, and animal protein in the normal group and zinc, calcium, vegetable calcium, animal calcium, vitamin C, fruit, protein, animal protein, meat, dairy product, carbohydrates, cholesterol, vegetables, mushrooms, and seasonings in the osteopenia group. These results indicate that adequate nutrient intake plays an important role maintaining optimum bone health in middle aged men.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.542-547
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• 2009

In this in vivo study, correlations of lumbar and femoral bone mineral densities (BMDs) with calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) were investigated in 36 osteoporotic women. Areal BMDs of the L2-L4 lumbar spine and the right femoral neck were measured by using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). SOS of the right calcaneus was measured by using ultrasound bone densitometry. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and level of significance (p) were used to evaluate the correlations between measurements. Lumbar BMD was highly correlated with femoral BMD (r=0.81). Lumbar and femoral BMDs exhibited similar comparable negative correlations with age (r=-0.52 and r=-0.55). A moderate negative correlation was found between calcaneal SOS and age (r=-0.45). Calcaneal SOS was significantly correlated with lumbar and femoral BMDs, with a higher correlation with femoral BMD rather than with lumbar BMD (r=0.54 and r=0.62). However, calcaneal SOS may not be an optimum index for the estimation of BMD of the most important fracture sites, such as the lumbar and the femur, because it showed lower correlations with lumbar and femoral BMDs compared to that with calcaneal BMD. Therefore, the development of a quantitative ultrasound technology for the direct measurement of acoustic properties at the lumbar and the femur is required to estimate BMD of these sites more accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4943-4952
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• 2013

This study was conducted among Korean women over aged 60 who participated in Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (the 2nd and 3rd year at the 4th survey, and the 1st year at the 5th survey). The purpose of the study was to figure out a relation between femoral neck and lumbar spine bone mineral density and anthropometry, life style, diet, fracture history, family history of osteoporosis, medical history, menstrual history and reproductive factor. To express the strength of the associations, percent differences were calculated from multiple linear regression models using the formula ${\beta}{\times}$(unit/mean BMD). Unit for continuous variables were chosen to approximate 1 standard deviation(SD). In women aged 60 or older, lean mass(B: 0.257) and fat mass(B: 0.237) greatly influenced bone density in the femoral neck and lumbar spine. Therefore it will be an effective way to prevent osteoporosis for elderly women by increasing lean mass and maintaining proper weight.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.197-207
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• 2021

Relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes is still inconsistent. Recently, many epidemiologic data show that fracture risk is increased in type 2 diabetic patients regardless of BMD status. In this study, we used nation-wide data from 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to analyze the BMD status in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetics. We included subjects aged 50 years or older in men (N=2,959, 2,430 without diabetes, 529 with type 2 diabetes) and postmenopausal women (N=2,902, 2,479 without diabetes, 423 with type 2 diabetes). Subjects with history of medication for osteoporosis or with illness or malignancy affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Data of anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics were collected by trained examiner. Serum was separated from peripheral venous blood samples obtained after 8 hours of fasting. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There was a significant positive association between lumbar spine BMD and type 2 diabetes after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, monthly house income, education level, physical activity, daily calcium intake and vitamin D concentration by multiple regression analysis in all subjects. In the subgroup analysis by gender, this association was maintained both in male and female after adjusting those confounding factors. However, femur BMD was not different between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. In conclusion, lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients aged 50 years or more in men and postmenopausal women compared to non-diabetic subjects.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate how Bone Mineral Density(BMD) and bone mass index(BMI) differ according to classification of blood pressure which JNC 7(The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood pressure) indicated. Methods : We measured BMD and BMI of lumbar spine($L_2-L_4$) and femoral neck of 9816 people, and then we analyzed them according to classification of blood pressure. Results : The number of prehypertension group was the most, and Stage 2 hypertension group was the least. As the hypertension was increasing, BMD of lumbar and femoral neck were decreasing, and BMI was increasing. In men, as the blood pressure was increasing, BMI was increasing. But the BMD was irrelevant. In women, the distribution was similar to the total. Conclusions : As the hypertension was increasing, BMI was increasing and BMD was decreasing. And it was more remarkable in women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.135-150
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• 2009

Objectives : Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and one of the most important public health problems around the world. Obesity rate gradually increases as women grow older. The purpose of the study was to investigate the changes between bond mineral density(BMD) and body mass index(BMI) according to sex and age. Methods : We measured the bone mineral density(BMD) of lumber spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 10000 normal adult, using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA; DPX-alpha). and also measured the body mass index(BMI) in 9810 normal adult. then we analysed the changes of BMD and BMI according to sex and age. Results : 1. As getting older, male's T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of lumbar spine was sharply dropped after 46 years old. 2. As getting older, male's T-score of femoral was slowly decreased. On the other hand, female's T-score of femoral was sharply dropped after 49 years old. 3. Irrespective of age, male's BMI keep up the extent within a definite period of numerical value. As getting older, female's BMI continued its upward trend. Conclusions : Much more attention should be needed for female patient suffering from osteoporosis and obesity than male.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.165-169
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• 2012

To analogize the result of the test through explaining the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) test value between proximal femur and lumbar spine at age. It is based on 62 cases who visited the out-patient department. They were classified into three groups by age, group I (30~40 yr) and II (40~60 yr) and III (60~80 yr). Then we evaluated the average and the degree of correlation between the three groups and analyzed the correlation of the three sites according to the BMD result and T & Z-score through the t-test analysis. The results are listed below, first, if rise in age T-score is lower and over 60age occurred osteopenia, second, compared three groups, the correlation of BMD results was some of the highest between Lumbar spine and Proximal femur of T-score & Z-score. the correlation of BMD results is very high. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.837-846
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• 1999

There were few reports about the fluoride concentration in bone and osteoporotic women. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the urinary fluoride concentration and periodontal condition in osteoporotic old women. Twentyeight postmenopausal women(Test group) and twenty-one premenopausal women(Control group) were examined. Bone mineral density(BMD) of lumbar spine(L2-L4) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). The urine samples were collected at early morning and determined with the help of a fluoride-specific electrode and Tisabbufferd samples. The results were as follows. 1. The mean urinary fluoride concentration in test and control group showed statistically no difference. 2. The bone mineral density(BMD) of the spine in test group was significantly lower than control group(p<0.05). 3. The significant negative correlation was found between BMD level and age after menopause $(p<0.001,\;{\gamma}=-0.526$. 4. The urinary fluoride concentration was not correlated with age, age after menopause and bone mineral density. 5. The urinary fluoride concentration was not correlated with periodontal condition.