• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.495-501
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• 2002

A difference based current transformer (CT) saturation detection algorithm uses the third difference of a secondary current to detect the instants of the beginning/end of saturation. The third difference of a secondary current contains high frequency components when a CT is saturated. Thus, an effect of an anti-aliasing lowpass filter implemented in digital protection relays on the detection algorithm should be studied. This paper describes performance analysis of a lowpass filter on the CT saturation detection algorithm. The cutoff frequency of the lowpass filter is normally set to be half of a sampling frequency. In this Paper, two sampling frequencies of 3,840 (Hz) corresponding to 64 sample/cycle (s/c) and 1,920 (Hz) corresponding to 32 (s/c) are studied; the cutoff frequencies of the lowpass filters are set to be 1,920 (Hz), 960 (Hz) and 960(Hz), 480(Hz), respectively. And the proposed algorithm is verified by experiment. A 2nd order Butterworth filter is designed as a lowpass filter. The test results and experiment results clearly indicate that the saturation detection algorithm successfully detects the instants of the beginning/end of saturation even though a secondary current is filtered by the designed lowpass filters.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.324-326
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• 2009

We present the design of a compact microstrip lowpass filter with a wide stopband which is up to ten times the cutoff frequency. The filter is based on a coupled-line configuration and shunt open stubs. The open stubs create additional transmission zeros, which are used to extend the stopband of the filter without any additional components or cascaded units. A prototype lowpass filter with a 3 dB cutoff frequency of 0.428 GHz and a 15 dB stopband extended up to 4.77 GHz is fabricated to validate the theoretical predictions.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1995

In this paper, we propose a postprocessing method that neatly removes blocking effect but retains visually important image details and edges. The iterative thresholded lowpass filter is basically a low pass filter whose ouput depends on three variable elements. I.e. iteration number, threshold value and passband width. The threshold value restricts the difference between the output of the proposed filter and the original input independent of the iteration number. With this property, the iterative thresholded lowpass filter can retain most of the image details while smoothing the block boundaries. The other two variable elements, i.e. iteration number and passband width, can determine the convergence speed of the proposed filter. In this paper, we also propose several adaptive filtering techniques based on the iterative thresholded lowpass filter with their simulation results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.48-58
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• 1997

Using high quality high-$T_c$ superconducting (HTS) YBCO thin films, we designed and fabricated 3-pole, 5-pole, and 7-pole lowpass filters consisting of microstrip transmission lines and open-stub lines. We measured the microwave response of the filters in the temperature range of T=85 K to 27 K. AtT=30 K, the observed inband insertion loss was 0.14dB and 0.02dB for the 5-pole and 7-pole filters, respectively. The cut-off frequency was 4.7 GHz for the 5-pole filter and 7.9GHz for the 7-pole filter. To the authors' knowledge, the measured inband insertion losses are the best values reported so far for the open-stub line type HTS multipole lowpass filters. The skirt property of the 5-pole filter showed a large improvement over that of the 3-pole filter as predicted from the simulation. We found that, to obtain a stable performance, the HTS multipole lowpass filters should be operated at the temperatures between 60% and 70% of $T_c$.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.644-652
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 급전면의 개방스터브와 접지면의 슬롯으로 구성되어 있는 초광대역의 저지대역을 갖는 저역통과 여파기 단위 구조를 캐스캐이드한 저역통과 여파기를 설계하였다. 초광대역의 저지대역을 갖는 저역통과 여파기 단위 구조는 급전면 개방 스터브에 의해 통과대역 특성을 결정하는 여파기 구조와 이러한 여파기의 dual 구조로 접지면 슬롯에 의해 통과대역 특성을 결정하는 여파기 구조가 있으며, 각각의 단위구조를 캐스캐이드함으로써 단일 여파기보다 더욱 향상된 저지대역과 skirt 특성을 얻을 수 있었다. 개방 스터브에 의해 통과대역 특성이 결정되는 구조와 dual 구조의 캐스캐이드 여파기는 각각 1.035㎓와 1.286㎓에서 -3㏈ 차단 주파수를 가지며 저지대역은 두 구조 모두 -20㏈ 기준으로 20㎓ 이상의 광대역을 이루었다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제33A권10호
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• pp.81-89
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• 1996

In this paper, a very efficient CAD algorithm is proposedd where rhodes formulae combined with distributed lowpass prototype filter in order to design the corrugated waveguide harmonic rejection filters accurately. The proposed algorithm resolves effectively the problem of proximity effect without any optimiation or iterative design process by using the internally convexed corrugated structure. A 13-section tapered corrugated lowpass filter has been designed by the proposed algorithm and fabricated. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.1078-1082
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• 2002

두 스텁이 커플된 마이크로스트립 계단 임피던스 저역통과 필터의 전송선로의 폭과 edge 캐패시턴스의 변화에 따른 삽입손실 특성을 연구하였다. 이 구조에서 커플링효과는 전송선로의 폭과 스텁의 갭 간격에 의존하며 적절한 조건에서 3개의 감쇄폴이 생겨 넓은 저지대역을 가진다. 또한, 두 스텁 사이에 존재하는 edge 캐패시턴스는 3개의 감쇄폴을 가지기 위해서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이것을 [S] 파라피터를 구하여 확인했다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.981-984
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• 2011

A novel lowpass filter with a very sharp transition band and wide stopband is proposed. The proposed filter is based on T-shaped patches which are etched in symmetrical structures and folded open stub. To obtain a wide stopband, we have used stub loaded semi-circle stepped-impedance structures. By designing the resonator with high inductance and capacitance, a very sharp transition band is achieved. The proposed filter has a 3-dB cutoff frequency at 2.37 GHz and a 40-dB rejection at 2.44 GHz. The stopband with an attenuation level better than -13.2 dB is up from 2.4 GHz to 16 GHz, and consequently we have reached the high and wide rejection in stopband with compact size. Good agreements between the simulated and the measured results are presented.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.716-726
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• 2024

An ultrawide stopband lowpass filter is reported using three stepped impedance resonators with high selectivity. The filter extends the stopband frequency range and attenuation, and two quarter-wave open stubs and three circular ground slots are introduced. The lumped and distributed equivalent models are derived and analyzed. The corresponding results are validated experimentally in a fabricated prototype. The prototype lowpass filter has a 3 dB cutoff frequency (f_c) of 2.9 GHz, and the stopband is extended up to 35 GHz (12.07f_c), with an attenuation level better than 20 dB throughout. The passband-to-stopband transition (3 dB-20 dB) bandwidth is 0.18 GHz, and the roll-off factor is 135 dB/GHz at 30 dB. The insertion loss is 0.3 dB at 1.6 GHz. The normalized circuit size of the proposed filter with respect to the guided wavelength is 0.04.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.331-334
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 광 대역 저지대역특성을 가지는 저역통과필터를 마이크로스트립 선로를 이용하여 설계 및 제작하였다. 개방회로 스터브를 이용한 L-C ladder형 저역통과 필터의 입 출력단에 길이가 $\lambda_g/4$인 개방 스터브를 부가함으로써, 광대역 차단특성을 가지는 필터를 개발하였다. 필터의 전체길이를 줄이기 위해 고 임피던스 마이크로스트럼 라인을 미앤더(meander) 구조로 제작하였다. 제작된 필터는 차단주파수가 2.3 GHz인 저역통과필터였고, 측정된 결과는 전산모의실험에서 예측된 값들과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다.