• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.929-934
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• 2012

This study was carried out to analyze the dynamic characteristics of laser tailor-welded blanks (TWBs) made of dissimilar materials. The analysis was performed using Hyper Works 10.0 with Solver LS-DYNA v.971. 2D-Shell was used as the modeling element, and the number of elements and nodes was 35,641 and 36,561, respectively. The impact speed was 10 km/h. To analyze the impact characteristics according to the height of the weld line for the upper and lower parts of the center pillar, the length of the lower part was set as 300 and 400 mm. When the lower part was made of SPFC980 steel with a length of 300 mm, the deformation was the smallest and the absorbed energy of the impact force was the largest. On based the lower part of center pillar, the position of TWB shows the shorter and the better value. In other words, the performance depended on the proportion of the upper part made of high-strength SABC1470 steel. A lower part made of SPFH590 steel showed large deformation. In contrast, a lower part made of SPFC980 steel showed significantly lesser deformation. Therefore, the impact performance of a lower part made of SPFC980 steel with a length of 300 mm showed the best analysis result.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.318-327
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analysis of subjective well-being in the affects university life adaptation of department security programs in university. The subjects in this study were randomly sampled in Kyeong gi do in areas and 332 of department security programs student in university were finally selected. Analyses made by SPSS 17.0 have been applied to following outcomes. The findings of the study were as follows: First, The external situation and psychological physical which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in life satisfaction appeared with positive effects. The qualitative of education which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in life satisfaction appeared with negative effects. Second, The external situation and psychological physical which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in negative emotion appeared with positive effects. The qualitative of education which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in negative emotion appeared with negative effects. Third, The psychological physical which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in positive emotion appeared with positive effects. Fourth, The external situation and psychological physical which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in happy appeared with positive effects. The university study of education which is a university life adaptation lower part variable in happy appeared with negative effects.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1449-1466
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• 2015

Mixed structures consist of two parts: a lower part and an upper part. The lower part is usually made of concrete while the upper part is made of steel. Analyzing these structures is complicated and code-based design of them has many associated problems. In this research, the seismic behavior of mixed structures which have reinforced concrete frames and shear walls in their lower storeys and steel frames with bracing in their upper storeys were studied. For this purpose, seventeen structures in three groups of 5, 9 and 15 storey structures with different numbers of concrete and steel storeys were designed. Static pushover analysis, linear dynamic analysis and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) using 15 earthquake records were performed by OpenSees software. Seismic parameters such as period, response modification factor and ductility factor were then obtained for the mixed (hybrid) structures using more than 4600 nonlinear dynamic analysis and used in the regression analysis for achieving proper formula. Finally, some formulas, effective in designing such structures, are presented for the mentioned parameters. According to the results obtained from this research, the response modification factor values of mixed structures are lower compared to those of steel or concrete ones with the same heights. This fact might be due to the irregularities of stiffness, mass, etc., at different heights of the structure. It should be mentioned that for the first time, the performance and seismic response of such structures were studied against real earthquake accelerations using nonlinear dynamic analysis, andresponse modification factor was obtained by IDA.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2014

In this study, before and after sunset carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature were observed in two points of atmosphere (lower observation point of the GL + 0.1 m, the upper observation point of GL + 1.0 m) on the foreshore at located in Suncheon Bay and their variations were analyzed. Observation was performed on the foreshore on 2~4 August 2010. Instrument (VAISALA, GMP343) was set two hours before sunset and then observation was made continuously for six hours. In three days, observed carbon dioxide concentration was 375~419 ppm, and the air temperature was in the range of $28.7{\sim}32.5^{\circ}C$. The average concentration of carbon dioxide was 388~399 ppm in the upper observation point and 386~396 ppm in the lower observation point. It was higher in the upper observation point and its fluctuations were similar in two observation points. Correlation coefficients between carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature in the upper observation point were in the range of -0.64~-0.88, and were calculated -0.65 to -0.90 in the lower observation point. For the carbon dioxide concentration, correlation coefficients between the upper part and the lower part were very high as 0.98 in three times. For the air temperature, correlation coefficients between the upper part and the lower part were very high as 0.97 and 0.99. In the same observation time, the slope of the linear regression function as carbon dioxide concentration in the lower observation point for the upper observation point was in the range of 0.97~1.01. Carbon dioxide concentration was slightly higher in the upper observation point. Because carbon dioxide in the lower observation point was closer on the surface of the foreshore and absorbed from atmosphere to the foreshore. In this study, it was showed that the vertical variation of carbon dioxide concentration was insignificant in the several meter scale of atmosphere on the surface of the foreshore.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of lower extremity alignment according to plantar surface compliance in standing status. The thirty normal adults (15 men and 15 women) aged between 20 and 29 were assigned to 3 groups: control group, experimental groups (AHPS group, ASPH group). The lower extremity alignment was examined before and after adaptation with corresponding foam types. The results of this study were as follows : 1. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the control group which any change did not exist in plantar surface compliance, there were not significant differences in the angle A, B, C, D, E of right and left(p>0.05). 2. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the AHPS group which forefoot part of plantar surface is hard and rear foot part is soft, there were not significant differences in the angle A of right and left(p>0.05). But, there were significantly decreased in the angle B, C, D, E of right and left(p<0.05). 3. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment before and after test of the ASPH group which forefoot part of plantar surface is soft and rear foot part is hard, there were not significant differences in the angle A of right and left(p>0.05). But, there were significantly increased in the angle B, C, D, E of right and left(p<0.05). 4. As the result of comparing lower extremity alignment of the control group, AHPS group and ASPH group, there were not significant differences in the angle A, B, C, D, E of right and left before test(p>0.05). But, there were significant differences in the angle C, D of right and left after test(p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: The vigorous shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy leads to poor fruit quality and flower bud formation in lower part of canopy. So, this study was conducted to develop the proper control method about the shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trunks of 'Fuji'/M9 apple trees were cut (back pruned) to 2.5 m in tree height on 11 February (dormant) or 12 April (full bloom). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was applied at 2.0% to cut surface when trunk was pruned. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) was sprayed at 250 mg/L above 2.0 m in tree height at 23 April (petal fall). The NAA or Pro-Ca application after trunk was pruned at dormant (TR-2 and TR-3) significantly reduced shoot growth in upper part of canopy compared with the control (tree was only pruned at dormant, TR-1), but the percent of shoots showing the secondary growth of TR-3 was higher over 2 times than that of TR-2. The reduction of shoot growth in upper part of canopy by TR-2 and TR-3 increased the fruit red color from the lower part in the treating year and blooming of the lower part in the following year. CONCLUSION: Applying 2.0% NAA to cut surface of pruned apple trunk at dormant was the most effective way for stabilization of the tree vigor in upper part of the canopy in a high density apple orchard.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

1. Objectives Among many symptoms that the climacteric patients complain of, the major subjective symptom is both heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body(e.g foot, knee, and leg). We use DITI as a method to prove the symptoms of climacteric patients such as both heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body, diagnose these symptoms, and follow up the progress of the clinical treatments. 2. Subjects and Methods We compare the subcutaneous heat of the climacteric patients with the symptom of heat in the upper part and cold in the lower part of the body with young women without any specific disease. The age distribution of the experimental group is 28 patients in 40's, and 22 in 50's. The mean age of the experimental group is $48.5{\pm}4.25$. The age distribution of the control group is 17 patients in teen, 26 in 20's, 7 in 30's. The mean age of the control group is $23.31{\pm}6.45$. We measure the subcutaneous heat on the cheeks, upper arms, palms, thighs, knees, dorsum pedis, lower back, hip, upper abdomen, lower abdomen of both groups and analyse the results. 3. Statistical methods All the results are statiscally analysed using student T-test of Microsoft Exel program. Statistically significant value by the analysis of variance procedure is P<0.05. 4. Results 1. The subcutaneous heat of the whole body of the experimental group shows hypothermia compared with control group, and the hypothermic pattern gets severe on the periphery. ${\Delta}T$ between the right and left side of the body in experimental group is larger than that of control group. 2. ${\Delta}T$ between the cheeks and the hypogastric in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold face. 3. ${\Delta}T$ between the upper arms and the palms in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold hand. 4. ${\Delta}T$ between the thighs and the knees in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold knee. 5. ${\Delta}T$ between the thighs and the feet in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold foot. 6. ${\Delta}T$ between the hip and the lower back in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group. That shows the Lower back is warmer than the hip. 7. ${\Delta}T$ between the upper and the lower abdomen in the experimental group is significantly larger than that of the control group, which shows cold hypogastric.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.769-782
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• 2014

This study considers the correlation between model pose and clothes in Patrick Demarchelier's fashion photos as well as expression characteristics. The conclusions of the study are as follows. The type of model pose in Patrick Demarchelier's fashion photos can be categorized into five types: maximized type of upper and lower body part, minimized type of upper and lower body part, maximized type of upper body and minimized type of lower body part, minimized type of upper body and maximized type of lower body part, basic type of upper and lower body part. In case of having examined the correlation between body movement and costume, the clothes in the model pose included in the maximization of the body were formed mainstream by silhouette, which was formed by decorative elements or full drapery. In the model poses included in the reduction of the body, the costume tended to expose many parts of the body to provide a simple or structural silhouette form. The costume was expressed in colorful form and poses assumed without body movements. The expression characteristics of the model poses in Patrick Demarchelier's fashion photos were sensuality, dynamicity, and simplicity. First, sensuality was expressed as feminine sensuality accompanying an erotic mood by naturally emphasizing a woman's breast or leg by reducing the body. Second, dynamicity provided a vividness to the image as if directly living and moving by highlighting the rhythmic aspect of the body. Simplicity aroused the effect of paying attention to clothes or other incidental elements rather than the image expressed by the body of a model by excluding body movement.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1502-1513
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• 2006

This study analyzes the design and part load performance of a power generation system combining a micro gas turbine (MGT) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Design performances of cycles adopting several different organic fluids are analyzed and compared with performance of the steam based cycle. All of the organic fluids recover greater MGT exhaust heat than the steam cycle (much lower stack temperature), but their bottoming cycle efficiencies are lower. R123 provides higher combined cycle efficiency than steam does. The efficiencies of the combined cycle with organic fluids are maximized when the turbine exhaust heat of the MGT is fully recovered at the MGT recuperator, whereas the efficiency of the combined cycle with steam shows an almost reverse trend. Since organic fluids have much higher density than steam, they allow more compact systems. The efficiency of the combined cycle, based on a MGT with 30 percent efficiency, can reach almost 40 percent. hlso, the part load operation of the combined system is analyzed. Two representative power control methods are considered and their performances are compared. The variable speed control of the MGT exhibits far better combined cycle part load efficiency than the fuel only control despite slightly lower bottoming cycle performance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

The existing discomfort glare models are based on research that was conducted exclusively with uniform luminance sources. It is impossible to apply the models to windows of non-uniform luminance. For evaluating discomfort glare from windows, the method selecting glare source on a window plane is necessary. This study was carried outto propose a practical method to choose glare source from anon-uniform window plane. In the experiment, the perception of glare source according to the luminance difference is examined using a simulated windowof non-uniform luminance. The surface of the window is divided into two or three parts, and different luminance is setting on each surface. The observers were asked to decide whether the lower part of the window can be perceived as a glare source or not. The result shows that the lower part is perceived as a glare source when the lower part has over 37% of the luminance of the upper part of the window divided into two parts, and when it has over 51% of the luminance of the upper part of the window divided into three parts. the results may be applicable to select the glare source in awindow.