• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on TGF-$\beta$1 expression and healing of rat femur penetrating fractures. Methods: Rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine. Using aseptic technique, we exposed the lateral right femoral diaphysis with removal of the periosteum. We made one hole along its long axis with an electrically-driven 1.8 mm diameter drill bit. Postoperatively, rats were divided into two groups (a control group, n=15; an experimental group, n=15). The experimental group was treated with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (pulse rate: 1:4, 0.5 W/$cm^2$, 10 minutes, 1 time per day) for 3 weeks. The control group was treated with sham ultrasound (with the US unit turned off). Results: The experimental group achieved more callus formation and TGF-$\beta$1 expression than the control group at the $7^{th}$, $14^{th}$ and $21^{st}$ days after low intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment. Conclusion: This study suggests that low intensity pulsed ultrasound facilitates bone fracture repair, possibly via increased TGF-$\beta$1 expression.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of low-intensity muscle training on neurotransmitters associated with depression and emotion regulation disorders in survivors with stroke who were diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder. Methods : Survivors of chronic stroke diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder (n = ) were included in the study. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured before and after. Low-intensity muscle training was performed once a day for 50 minutes, 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Result : Levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine improved significantly after intervention (p < .05). Conclusion : These results confirm that low-intensity muscle training has a positive effect on neurotransmitter concentrations in survivors with stroke diagnosed with depression and emotion regulation disorders. Future studies should analyze the changes in neurotransmitters in more detail using various exercise methods and intensities to investigate their effects on depression and emotion regulation disorders.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a low-intensity combined exercise program on daily physical fitness parameters such as balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and fear of falling of elderly women in the community. METHODS: This study assigned 30 elderly women randomly into two groups: The control and experimental groups. The control group (n = 15) underwent routine gait. The experimental group (n = 15) underwent the low-intensity combined exercise. The exercise program in this study comprising combined exercise, including balance, flexibility, muscle strength training, and the exercise program using props was conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The average age of the control and experimental groups was 77.27 years and 78.33 years, respectively. There were significant differences in static balance (t = -4.167, p < .001), dynamic balance (t = 2.463, p < .001), (t = -3.870, p < .001), (t = -2.262, p < .001), (t = -5.732, p < .001), (t = -6.573, p < .001), and fear of falling (t = -5.129, p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results show that low-intensity combined exercise is an effective intervention that improves physical health fear of falling in older women. The combined exercise program was found to be more effective in terms of physical function and fall-related psychological function compared to the control group that only walked.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review health-care program using the recent robotic horse-riding technology and its clinical effects for chronic low back pain. Research design, data and methodology: Recent clinical articles were determined under three inclusion criteria for in-depth review: 1) article that is published within 1 year, 2) article that includes the detailed explanation of health-care program using robotic horse-riding, 3) the article that deals with chronic low back pain during more than 6 months. Results: As a result, the finally-determined two articles demonstrated the clinical effects of robotic horse-riding statistically on pain intensity, low back muscle strength, spinal alignment, and fear-avoidance belief. Conclusions: After in-depth review, I concluded that health-care program using robotic horse-riding for chronic low back pain needs to be provided at low-intensity (e.g. less than 6km/h horse walking program) in the beginning of health-care for improving their motor control ability, then, at the increased intensity for strengthening core muscles.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2014

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of low-intensity treadmill training in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat models. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: In this study, we randomly divided them into four groups. The normal group included non-cardiotoxicity normal control (n=10), the control group included non-treadmill training after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), the experimental group I included low-intensity treadmill training (3 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10), and the experimental group II included low-intensity treadmill training (8 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (n=10). Rats in the treadmill training group underwent treadmill training, which began at 2 weeks after first intraperitoneal injection. We determined the body weight change for each rat on days 1 and 21. Biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], creatine kinase [CK], glutathion, aspartate transaminase [AST], and alanine transaminase [ALT]) concentration in the serum change of rats from all four groups was examined at the end of the experiment. Results: The results showed that the experimental group I and II showed a significant increase in body weight as compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). We observed that the biochemical markers (LDH, CK, glutathion, AST, and ALT) were improved in the experimental group I than the experimental group II (p<0.05). There was no difference between the experimental groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our data suggest that low-intensity treadmill training applied after doxorubicin treatment protects against cardiotoxicity following treatment, possibly by enhancing antioxidant defenses and inhibiting cardiac muscle cell apoptosis.

• 지질동맥경화학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical benefits between high-intensity and low-to moderate-intensity statin therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: A total of 1,230 patients in the Korea AMI Registry (KAMIR) were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the dosage of statin for the secondary prevention after AMI. The primary endpoint was composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) including cardiac death, non-fatal MI, repeat revascularization during the 12 months of clinical follow-up. Result: The primary endpoint occurred in 101 patients (11.3%) from the low-to moderate-intensity statin group and 45 patients (13.4%) from the high-intensity statin group. The cumulative incidence of MACEs during 12-month follow-up was not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.323). After multi-variate analysis, MACEs-free survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: High-intensity statin therapy did not show additional clinical benefit over low-to moderate-intensity statin therapy after AMI.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 경피신경전기자극을 저빈도-저강도, 저빈도-고강도, 고빈도-저강도, 고빈도-고강도 네 개의 치료조건으로 나누어 만성요통환자에게 적용하였을 때 각기 다른 주파수 빈도와 강도가 만성요통환자의 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상은 평균연령 39.19(${\pm}12.96$)세, 발병기간 8.57(${\pm}3.07$)개월인 요통환자 32명이었다. 치료기간은 2주 횟수는 총 10회로 1일 1회 15분간 시행하였으며 치료부위는 통증이 가장 심한 요추주변 부위에 시행하였다. 치료 전 후의 변화를 평가하기 위해 요통정도(요통장애지수)와 요추부 유연성을 측정하였다. 각 군간 윌콕슨, 맨-휘트니 검정을 하였고, 통계적 유의성은 p< .05로 하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 네 군 모두 실험 후 요통장애지수와 요추부 유연성에 유의한 결과가 나왔으며, 저빈도군에서는 고강도가, 고빈도군에서는 고강도가 보다 효과적이었다. 고빈도-고강도가 요통장애지수와 요추부 유연성에 유의한 차이는 없었지만 가장 효과적이었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2011

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 저강도의 저항운동과 유산소 운동 훈련을 적용하여 혈액학적 특성인 혈중 지질에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중으로 6개월 이상 장애를 가진 37명의 환자가 연구에 참여하였고, 저강도의 저항운동군 19명과 유산소운동군 18명으로 나뉘었다. 저강도 저항운동군은 저강도의 저항운동 훈련을 이용하여 50분씩 주 5회, 8주간 실시하였다. 운동 전과 후의 혈액학적 특성인 혈중 지질을 측정하여 본 연구의 효과를 비교하였다. 유산소운동군은 순수하게 유산소 운동만을 실시하였다. 통계처리 방법으로 실험 전. 후 차이를 검증하기 위하여 대응표본 t 검정을 실시하였다. 모든 통계적 유의수준은 .05로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과 저강도의 저항운동군은 혈액학적 특성에서 TG, TC HDL-C, LDL-C에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고(p<.05), 유산소 운동군에서는 TC와 LDL-C만 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 향후 만성 뇌졸중 환자에게 흥미를 유발하고 기능회복의 효과를 강화할 수 있는 저강도의 저항운동과 유산소성 운동 훈련을 환자의 시기별, 등급별로 적용 가능한 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia, and it corresponds highly with exercise intensity. Here, we induced AF in mice using acetylcholine (ACh)-CaCl₂ for 7 days and aimed to determine the appropriate exercise intensity (no, low, moderate, high) to protect against AF by running the mice at different intensities for 4 weeks before the AF induction by ACh-CaCl₂. We examined the AF-induced atrial remodeling using electrocardiogram, patch-clamp, and immunohistochemistry. After the AF induction, heart rate, % increase of heart rate, and heart weight/body weight ratio were significantly higher in all the four AF groups than in the normal control; highest in the high-ex AF and lowest in the low-ex (lower than the no-ex AF), which indicates that low-ex treated the AF. Consistent with these changes, G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K⁺ currents, which were induced by ACh, increased in an exercise intensity-dependent manner and were lower in the low-ex AF than the no-ex AF. The peak level of Ca²⁺ current (at 0 mV) increased also in an exercise intensity-dependent manner and the inactivation time constants were shorter in all AF groups except for the low-ex AF group, in which the time constant was similar to that of the control. Finally, action potential duration was shorter in all the four AF groups than in the normal control; shortest in the high-ex AF and longest in the low-ex AF. Taken together, we conclude that low-intensity exercise protects the heart from AF, whereas high-intensity exercise might exacerbate AF.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.483-497
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• 2016

본 연구는 8주간의 복합트레이닝 운동 강도가 지적장애 청소년의 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1(IGF-1), 신체조성에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구의 대상은 경도 지적장애 청소년 총 26명으로 고강도운동 집단 9명, 중강도 운동 집단 9명, 저강도 운동집단 8명을 선정하였다. 복합 트레이닝 운동강도에 따른 차이를 비교하기 위해 트레이닝 처치 전 사전 값을 공변인으로 하고 각각의 운동 강도를 독립변인으로 하였으며, 렙틴, 성장호르몬, 인슐린유사성장요인-1, 신체조성에 대한 변화를 종속변인으로 하였다. 자료 분석은 공변량 분석을 실시하였으며, 효과크기 ${\eta}^2$(eta)를 산출하였다(p<.05). 분석된 자료를 통하여 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성장기에 있는 지적장애 청소년들에게 동일한 운동량이 주어졌을 때 운동 강도별에 따라 렙틴은 중강도에서 가장 많이 감소하고, 성장호르몬의 증가는 중강도에서 가장 많이 증가하며, IGF-1의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 많이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 신체조성에 있어 체지방량의 증가는 저강도가 가장 효과적이며, 체지방량의 감소는 중강도에서 가장 효과적이고, 골밀도의 증가는 저강도에서 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 후속저인 연구에서는 성별, 개인별 운동수행 능력에 따른 구분을 통한 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.