• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

At the end of the 19th century, a battle known as the War of the Currents was fought over how electricity would be generated, delivered, and utilized. In this day and age, there has been a growing interest in Green Growth policies as countermeasures against global warming. As a result of these policies, the use of new and renewable energy needed a power converter to replace fossil fuels has expanded. To reduce power consumption through high efficiency of conversion, Low Voltage DC (LVDC) distribution systems are suggested as an alternative. In a DC distribution system, DC loads are very efficient due to decrease the stages of power conversion. If the LVDC distribution system is adopted, not only DC load but also existing AC loads should be connected with LVDC system. Thus, the modeling of two loads is needed to analyze the DC distribution system. This paper, especially, is focused on the modeling of resistive load and electronic load including power electronic converters using ElectroMagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) software.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Recently, new Low Voltage DC (LVDC) power distribution systems have been constantly researched as uses of DC in end-user equipment are increased. As in conventional AC distribution system, High Impedance Fault (HIF) which may cause a failure of protective relay can occur in LVDC distribution system as well. It, however, is hard to be detected since change in magnitude of current due to the fault is too small to detect the fault by the protective relay using overcurrent element. In order to solve the problem, this paper presents an algorithm for detecting HIF using accumulated energy in LVDC distribution system. Wavelet Singular Value Decomposition (WSVD) is used to extract abnormal high frequency components from fault current and accumulated energy of high frequency components is considered as the element to detect the fault. LVDC distribution system including AC/DC and DC/DC converter is modeled to verify the proposed algorithm using ElectroMagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) software. Simulation results considering various conditions show that the proposed algorithm can be utilized to effectively detect HIF.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2019

We introduce a vision-based object detection method for real-time video surveillance system in low-end edge computing environments. Recently, the accuracy of object detection has been improved due to the performance of approaches based on deep learning algorithm such as Region Convolutional Neural Network(R-CNN) which has two stage for inferencing. On the other hand, one stage detection algorithms such as single-shot detection (SSD) and you only look once (YOLO) have been developed at the expense of some accuracy and can be used for real-time systems. However, high-performance hardware such as General-Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Unit(GPGPU) is required to still achieve excellent object detection performance and speed. To address hardware requirement that is burdensome to low-end edge computing environments, We propose sub-frame analysis method for the object detection. In specific, We divide a whole image frame into smaller ones then inference them on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based image detection network, which is much faster than conventional network designed forfull frame image. We reduced its computationalrequirementsignificantly without losing throughput and object detection accuracy with the proposed method.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

무선 센서 네트워크의 발전은 다양한 응용 사례에 의하여 기인하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 응용 사례는 네트워크 수명의 증가, 높은 처리율, 낮은 지연시간과 같은 에너지 효율적인 무선 센서 네트워크를 요구하고 있다. 무선 시스템과 네트워크 분야에서 네트워크 수명의 증가에 대한 무선 센서 네트워크의 설계에 많은 연구가 주목되고 있다. 모바일 에드 혹 네트워크와 달리 무선 센서 네트워크의 설계는 데이터 처리율의 최대화나 지연의 최소화보다는 각 노드의 생존에 관심이 집중되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 OSI 모델에서 데이터 링크, 즉 매체 접근 제어 계층을 다룬다. 에너지를 자각하는 MAC 프로토콜의 개발은 물리계층의 무선 분야를 제어하기 때문에 전체적인 에너지 소모와 노드의 수명에 큰 영향을 준다. 본 논문에서 에너지 소모를 줄이기 위한 분석적인 방법을 적용하여 MAC Layer ARQ 관리에 따른 효율적인 에너지 소모를 통한 네트워크 종단간 데이터 도착 확률의 증가를 보였다.

• 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.18-29
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• 2019

동적 적응 스트리밍 서버는 일시에 많은 양의 트랜스코딩 연산을 처리하기 때문에 높은 프로세서 전력을 소모한다. 많은 연산량을 위하여 다중 프로세서 구조가 필요하고, 이에 대한 효과적인 트랜스코딩 태스크 분배가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 2 티어 (프론트엔드 노드 (frontend node)와 백엔드 노드 (backend node)) 트랜스코딩 서버의 전력 상한을 보장하고 스트리밍 되는 비디오의 인기도 및 품질을 고려한 트랜스코딩 서버의 설계 및 구현 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 1) 각 백엔드 노드에 트랜스코딩 태스크 분배, 2) 백엔드 노드에서의 태스크 스케줄링, 3) 프론트엔드와 백엔드 노드 통신 기법들을 구현하고, 테스트베드를 구축하였다. 실제 테스트베드에서의 예상 소모 전력과 실제 소모 전력을 비교하는 실험을 진행함으로써 본 시스템의 효용성을 확인했다. 또한 본 시스템이 각 노드의 부하를 감소시킴으로써 트랜스코딩에 사용되는 전력 및 시간 최적화가 가능함을 보였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2023

Lightweight face recognition models, as one of the most popular and long-standing topics in the field of computer vision, has achieved vigorous development and has been widely used in many real-world applications due to fewer number of parameters, lower floating-point operations, and smaller model size. However, few surveys reviewed lightweight models and reimplemented these lightweight models by using the same calculating resource and training dataset. In this survey article, we present a comprehensive review about the recent research advances on the end-to-end efficient lightweight face recognition models and reimplement several of the most popular models. To start with, we introduce the overview of face recognition with lightweight models. Then, based on the construction of models, we categorize the lightweight models into: (1) artificially designing lightweight FR models, (2) pruned models to face recognition, (3) efficient automatic neural network architecture design based on neural architecture searching, (4) Knowledge distillation and (5) low-rank decomposition. As an example, we also introduce the SqueezeFaceNet and EfficientFaceNet by pruning SqueezeNet and EfficientNet. Additionally, we reimplement and present a detailed performance comparison of different lightweight models on the nine different test benchmarks. At last, the challenges and future works are provided. There are three main contributions in our survey: firstly, the categorized lightweight models can be conveniently identified so that we can explore new lightweight models for face recognition; secondly, the comprehensive performance comparisons are carried out so that ones can choose models when a state-of-the-art end-to-end face recognition system is deployed on mobile devices; thirdly, the challenges and future trends are stated to inspire our future works.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 2014

The CRT monitor display system for SONAR signal that are commonly used in ships or naval vessels uses vector scanning method. Therefore the processing circuits of the system are complex. Also the purchase of parts is difficult as well as high-cost because the production had been shut down. FPGA-based embedded system is flexible to various digital applications because it can be able to simplify processing circuits and to make a easy customized design for end user, and it provides low-cost high-speed performance. In this paper, we describe an implementation of FPGA embedded system for real-time SONAR signal display using the triple buffering method to overcome some weakness of existing CRT system. Our system provides real-time acquisition and display capability of SONAR signal, and removes afterimage effect that is a critical problem of the system proposed in the preceding study.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2019

Flow uniformity in aftertreatment system is an important factor in determining uniform catalytic reaction and filtration. In this study, variety types of DOC-DPF system design were analyzed to increase flow uniformity. For this analysis, ANSYS Fluent was used with porous media setup for DOC and DPF. Turbulent flow was modeled by standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model excepting porous media. Uniformity index was utilized to evaluate the flow uniformity quantitatively. Reference design showed low velocity region because two large vortex were generated before baffle. When radius of DOC-DPF system was increased, exhaust pressure acting on the inlet decreases and velocity distribution was shifted to one side. When inlet pipe was set to axial center of DOC-DPF system velocity distribution was symmetric. However, flow was not dissipated until the front end of DOC and showed higher uniformity index. When the volume of DOC was reduced while fixed volume of entire DOC-DPF system and baffle plate is located downstream of the DOC-DPF system, there was improvement in uniformity index.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2007

3G 이후의 통신 시스템은 무선 접속을 위하여 100 Mbps 이상을 제공해야 한다. 스마트 안테나 외에도 무선 멀티 홉 네트워크는 셀 크기와 처리율을 증가시키는 방식이다. 예를 들어 지그비 기술은 기기 사이의 저 가격과 저 전력 연결을 제공하며 블루투스에서 제공하는 네트워크 구성보다 큰 메쉬 네트워크를 구축할 수 있다. 무선 메쉬 네트워크를 이용한 홈 임베디드 시스템은 지그비 응용을 위한 큰 시장중의 하나이다. 만약 LOS 경로가 보장되지 않고 높은 주파수를 사용하면 AP와 마지막 노드사이에 직접 연결은 불가능하다. 따라서 멀티 홉 릴레이 기법을 사용하게 되면 AP와 마지막 노드사이의 연결은 가능하게 된다. 본 논문은 AP와 마지막 노드사이의 데이터 릴레이 방식을 연구하였으며 멀티 홉 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 DSSS/BPSK 시스템의 처리율과 PER 성능을 분석하였다.