• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.889-902
• /
• 2011

The purposes of this study were to identify point makeup purchasing and using behavior according to the personal color awareness. Most women considered their favorite color first when purchasing lipsticks and skin color when purchasing cheek powder or foundation. They considered makeup concept first when applying lipsticks, eye shadows, and cheek powder but skin color applying foundations and manicures. Factors of personal color awareness were preferences & utilization awareness, other's advice, and direct awareness, and were segmented into PC intermediate group, high PC group, and PC retard group. PC intermediate group were in the late 20's and the early 30's, average incomes with high education, and patronized discount stores for point makeups, used fashion color as a criterion when selecting lipsticks, foundations, and manicures, apparel color when applying eye shadows, skin color when applying cheek creams, and preferred imported lipsticks and manicures. High PC group were among unmarried women in the early 20's, university students, high income households with medium level of pocket money, spent more for point makeup, and patronized department stores and internet shopping mall, used skin color or fashion color as criteria when selecting point makeup, referenced makeup concept when applying point makeup, preferred imported point makeup. PC retard group were among married women in the late 30's with low education and low income, spent less for point makeup and pocket money, and selected domestic point makeup, used their favorite color as a criterion when selecting point makeups and apparel color when applying lipsticks and cheek creams.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1980

The purpose of this study was to assess dietary intake and food habits of low-income person aged 60 years or eldary. The hundred fifty persons from the suburbs of Jeonju were surveyed between August 1 to 20,1979. Results were as follows: Family environment Approximately 90% of elderly persons surved, lived with their children and grand-children: 5.2% together as a couple; and 4.4%, widowed, lived alone. Nearly 40% of the households has a average monthly incomes of W40,000 to W100,000. Average food expediture accounted for 50 to 70% of total monthly income, thus indicating that the subject families belonged to the lowest socioeconomic level. As pocket money, 74.5% of male subjects had more than W5,100 per month. whereas, 51.4% of female had less than W5,000. Anthropometric measurements: 97.6% of subjects has heights greater than 90% of the Korean standard for their age group, whereas 45.2% of the subjects were 60 to 89% of standard weight. 88% had an arm circumferences only 60 to 89% of the standard. Nutrient intake: Intake of the majority of nutrients was below the recommended allowances, especially for energy, protein, calcium and iron. The energy input ratio of carbohydrate: protein: fat was 73.1-80.9. 13.3-15.8: 4.5-11.5, showing very heavy dependence on carbohydrates for energy needs. The contribution of animal protein was 24.3% of total protein intake, indicating an improper protein diet. Other factors influenced on the nutrient intake: Poor teeth, illness, and poor appetite were always associated with inadequate intake of energy and nutrients. The larger the family size, the lesser intake of nutrients was observed among those elderly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.549-558
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Poor complementary feeding practices have consistently contributed to the burden of child undernutrition in Indonesia. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predictors of the time of the introduction of solid, semi-solid, and soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD). Methods: We analyzed 4804 last-born infants aged 6-23 months from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, which employed multistage cluster random sampling. The outcomes were calculated based on the 2021 World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund guidelines. The predictors of the 4 complementary feeding indicators were assessed using multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders and study design. Results: The prevalence of ISSSF, MDD, MMF, and MAD was 86.1%, 54.3%, 71.8%, and 37.6%, respectively, with younger children less likely to meet 3 out of the 4 outcomes. Parental education, the presence of a birth attendant, and maternal media consumption were among the predictors of MDD and MAD. Children from families with higher income were more likely to meet MDD than those from low-income households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.28). Living in an urban area was positively associated with MMF (aPR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15) and MAD (aPR, 1.12; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.24). In eastern regions, the prevalence of children achieving MDD and MAD was lower than in those living in Java and Bali. Conclusions: It is crucial that more attention and efforts are made to improve the recommended practices throughout Indonesia, since the prevalence of adequate complementary feeding practices remains low.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.366-377
• /
• 1991

저소득층 영유아의 식이형태가 linear growth에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하기 위하여 1987년 3월부터 1988년 1월까지 대전시, 춘천시, 그리고 춘성군 보건소에서 만 2세 미만의 영유아 679명과 그 어머니들을 대상으로 영양조사를 실시하였다. 조사방법은 어머니들을 대상으로 식이섭취를 중심으로한 설문조사를 실시하였고 대상아들의 체중과 키를 측정 하였으며 보건소 기록을 이용하여 대상아들의 출생시 체중의 키값을 구하였다. 대상아들은 한국 소아 발육표준치를 이용한 표준 편차점수(Z-score)로 볼 때 체중, 신장 모두 월령 7, 8개월부터 성장지체를 보였다. 출생체중/신장과 질병효과를 통계적으로 조정하였을 때, 이유식을 먹는 대상아들이 모유나 우유만 먹는 경우보다 더 크지않았으며 각종 보충식을 자주 먹는 대상아들이 가끔 먹거나 거의 안 먹는 경우보다 더 크지 않았다. 일일 열량섭취량 분석도 같은 결과를 보였다. 즉 식이 형태나 식품섭취 빈도가 열량섭취량으로 연결되지 않았다. 이같은 현상은 월령 8개월 이후의 대상아에게서 더 두드러지게 나타났다. 따라서 이유에 관한 영양교육 내용은 기존의 빠른 보충식 도입의 강조 차원 보다는 이시기의 빠른 성장을 뒷받침할 만한 다양한 식품 및 충분한 열량섭취에 관한 보다 자세한 정보가 growth monitoring 함께 어머니들에게 전달되도록 변화되어야할 것으로 생각된다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.181-205
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate some Influencing factors related to the wealth perception and property increase of 519 women in Seoul. The research was conducted from the end of February 15 to the beginning of January 20, 2009. The figures obtained were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, x-test, t-test, F-test, chi-square, and Duncan's F-test with SPSS pc+ The major findings of who study are summarized as follows: l.There were significant differences between the wealth recognition (economic plan affirmative and negative perception of wealth) for women according to social and psychological variables; economic plans have a higher value for married women, older women, those who have followed a postgraduate university course, those with higher income and expenditure, higher life satisfaction, and high and middle satisfaction with their economic life. In particular, economic plans varied significantly according to expectation of wealth in old age, and future economic prospects in the middle group. 2. Increased wealth and economic according to social and psychological variables (marital status, age, education, income, expenditure, life satisfaction, satisfaction with economic life, expectation of wealth in old age, future economic prospects) were shown to be associated with the following methods of increasing property: use of savings banks (p<.001) showed a rate of deposit of 20%-40% (p<.001) saving and thrift was a practice (p<001) that was related to the cost of living; and education expenditure (p<.001) as a property preparation period was exhibited in women aged 25-30 (p<.001). 3. There were significant differences in the recognition of wealth according to strategies for increasing wealth. There were no significant differences between mean of property acquisition and point of expenditure or the property preparation period in the perception of wealth. The related variables in rate of deposits were under 20% according to economic plan and negative wealth perception. In contrast, in the middle and high group, the economic plan and negative wealth perception were 20%-40% in relation to the rate of deposits. Variables related to the action of saving and thrift and property acquisition were practiced in the low and middle group of affirmative wealth recognition and the high group of negative wealth perception. The high group for wealthrecognition and the low group for wealthnegation exhibited little savings, thrift, and property accumulation. Those variables which point an expenditure the cost of living were education expenditure in all groups of negative wealth perception. The women in the study practiced more soundness economic planning according to their increased wealth and economic strategy. This study suggests that women should have positive wealth perception in their lives.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2012

A rental housing has a key role to supply the living space to non-ownership. A public rental housing is particularly aimed at providing the living space for the low-income households with a low rent fee. Therefore, the local government would try to maintain the facilities of the rental housing and to get the decent living condition. For getting the required living condition, it should make a maintenance plan, which contains the repair time, repair scope and targeted component and finishings. This study is aimed at providing the optimal repair time in 12 components and components of the rental housing which is controlled by the local government. The optimal repair time has two steps to get the final result. First, it would draw the 1'st repair time with the probabilistic and empirical approach. Second, comparing the drawn data and the service life, the optima repair time would be provided with considering the components' attributes. Result are as follows : First, the optimal repair time would be considered with the component attributes. There are user's convenience, its safety and physical aspect. Second, the kitchen utensils, elevator and water tap has a optimal time of 16, 19, 17 years respectively which is considered with physical aspect. In addition, the optima repair time of the wiring appliance and lighting equipment are 12 years and 10 years respectively.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2023

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 in the early 2020, Korea has attempted to reinforce the existing rent controls to help the low-income households. From July 2000, the tenants' right of lease renewal came into effect, as a policy tool to enforce the upper bound percentage of rent increases within Korea. Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of rent control on the uncontrolled rents in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Research design, data and methodology: The study regresses the monthly panel data from 58 municipalities in SMA from January 2020 to March 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The data indicates that the policy had the effect of lowering rents for a period of two months, and subsequently monetary policy including quantitative easing and low interest rates, coupled with asset market bubbles lead to rent increases. During the sample data period, the quantity of money supply increased by 12.6% and CPI rose by 3.0%, these phenomena collectively increased the rents by up to 14.7%. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the findings of earlier studies in part: namely, that rent control without the government's steps to stabilize the property price may have an undesirable effect on rental tenants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 5기의 2010~2012년 자료로 독립이 가능한 20세 이상 남녀 14,914명의 24시간 회상법 자료를 이용하여 1인가구와 다인가구의 비염장채소와 과일, 과일, 김치를 적게 섭취할 위험도를 비교하였다. 1인가구 남성에서 미혼의 비율이 41.5%인 반면에 1인가구 여성에서 미혼비율이 9.2%로 여성 1인가구의 90%는 기혼인 것으로 나타났다. 1인가구와 다인가구의 가구소득은 남성에서 100만원 미만이 1인가구는 42.3%, 다인가구는 12.7%를 나타내었으며, 여성에서 1인가구는 100만원 미만이 70%, 다인가구는 11.9%로 1인가구에서 저소득층이 많은 것을 알 수 있다. 1인가구와 다인가구의 교육수준은 남성에서 6년 미만이 1인가구는 20.7%, 다인가구는 15.1%를 나타내었으며, 여성에서 1인가구는 6년 미만이 66.4%, 다인가구는 24.6%로 남성에서는 큰 차이가 없지만 여성의 교육수준에서는 1인가구와 다인가구의 큰차이를 보여주었다. 20세 이상 성인남녀에서 미혼인사람보다 기혼인사람의 채소과일 섭취량이 많고, 소득수준과 교육수준이 증가 함에따라 비염장채소와 과일섭취가 400 g 이상인 사람의 비율이 증가하였다. 가구 구조에 따른 채소 과일섭취량의 관계에 대해 분석한 결과 나이와 가구소득, 총에너지 섭취량을 보정한 후 남성에서는 1인가구가 다인가구에 비해 기준치보다 적게 비염장 채소와 과일을 섭취할 위험도, 그리고 김치 섭취에서는 적게먹을 위험도의 차이가 없었다. 그러나 여성에서 김치섭취에서 보정 후에도 다인가구에 비해 1인가구가 더 적게 먹을 위험도의 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해서 남성 1인가구는 다인가구에 비해 채소와 과일을 적게 섭취할 위험도의 차이가 유의하지 않지만, 여성에서는 1인가구가 다인가구에 비해 김치를 적게 먹을 위험도가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.163-173
• /
• 2014

This study investigates the dietary risk factors in elderly individuals in rural Korea by focusing on the development of service programs that can improve their health. The sample included 1,000 free-living elderly individuals aged 65 and over in rural Korea. A three-stage stratified random sampling method based on 2010 Korean census data was employed. Data on the dietary status and the need for assistance in meal management were collected through face-to-face interviews. The dietary status was evaluated based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI) checklist, and the outcomes for three groups classified base on their family type were examined. According to NSI scores, more than 70% of the subjects faced some nutritional risk. The activities most requiring assistance in meal management included preparing meals (18.3%) and purchasing food items (11.7%). More than half of the subjects reported that having meals at community senior centers at least once a week. The results indicate that those subjects from single-individual households were most likely to face some nutritional risk and require, assistance in purchasing food items and preparing meals. In addition, these subjects were least likely to be satisfied with their health and dietary management. To improve the dietary status of elderly individuals in rural Korea, any service programs should facilitate their daily activities by focusing on improving their diet, particularly that of those from low-income, single-individual households.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.163-176
• /
• 2013

This paper investigates housing defects and housing satisfaction of the aged according to the personal characteristics and their housing environment. Personal interview was made on the 280 senior persons living in Jeonbuk area. Research results are following. Low levels were found in education, self privately-owned property, monthly income. Most of them live in a detached house that is outdated and obsolete. The facility defects of housing were the most serious level in case of the female senior citizen who lives alone. Their house aging was old but had the high deviation among households. Main influencing factors on facility defects of housing were perceived economic status and ownership of house, the next was age of the aged. Main influencing factors on the housing satisfaction were perceived economic status. Housing satisfaction was higher, the better economic level of the aged was, male than female, the less the age was, in case of hot-water usage in bathroom, owner of houses, no difference in floor level, larger storage space of kitchen was. According to the empirical results, we propose the supporting policy of hosing safety for the aged in order to reduce the risk and social cost. Especially the rate of population aging, the aged household, and the detached houses are higher in Jeonbuk rural areas than the other area. Housing facility defects of the elder who lives alone and house aging of theirs are serious level. Local government should have supporting system that considers local difference and characteristics of the aged housing.