• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2015

The appeal of sauna is caused by the fact that through that, one can feel Korea's unique temperament and culture; however, because of its being a public facility and flooding of businesses due to excessive supplies of various additional features such as washing, playing, eating, sleeping and health care functions, issues of social resources and environment come to the fore, so it has reached a situation of red ocean that it is difficult to enter the market anymore. Taking these into account, this study focused on developing a thermal technology and design of the housing of an environment-friendly mobile home sauna, making the most use of the sauna's fundamental purpose and settling it as a tourist product, analyzing the marketing research on the existing sauna and considering the recent housing trends and lifestyles for a new concept sauna. Thus, regarding its characteristics and utilization, it was designed smaller than $10m^2$ (3 pyeong) so that it would be easy to install in any space and convenient to move. It can be installed in separate buildings and rest spaces such as country houses, resorts, pensions, camping grounds as well as outdoor houses, custom produced for a measure of pyeong that customers want so as to match up with the Enforcement Ordinance of the Agricultural Land Act in a concept of the farmer's hut and kitchen, bathroom and bathroom can be installed inside according to an option. In addition, regarding its efficacy, in order to give environment-friendly healing effects, materials such as Hinoki Cypress, red clay and hardwood charcoal were used, a fixed indoor temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ was maintained by heating methods such as electromagnetic wave free, energy saving and low-power boiler, and it was made to have excellent effects on fatigue recovery, relieving stress, skin care and diet through far-infrared emission.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

Since the seventies and the oil crisis, energy-saving measures have led to a reduction in the ventilation of room. The use of synthetic materials which emit various chemical substances had led to an increase in the concentration of indoor pollutants. "Sick building syndrome (SBS)" and "Sick house syndrome (SHS)" are worldwide problems. Also, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs (Volatile organic compound) and HCHO (Formaldehyde) has increased. It is important that evaluating and understanding emission of indoor air pollutant from building materials. The object of this study was to evaluate emission test method for flooring such as wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile, and to determine emission of TVOC and form-aldehyde. The quantity of TVOC and carbonyl compounds emission were sampled and measured by Tenax TA and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MSD), 2,4-DNPH cartrige with ozone scrubber and high performance liquid from flooring. The TVOC concentration emitted from carpet tile was ($7.419\;mg/m^2 h$) the highest among 5 groups of test materials. In wood based flooring and PVC tile, the emitted concentration of toluene was high. And the dodecane emission was highest in carpet. The concentration of TVOC decreased by an increase in emission test period. After 7 days, the concentration of TVOC from floorings were about 50% below of the concentration at the first day. TVOC emission from wood based flooring, carpet tile, rubber tile, PVC sheet and tile were decreased in 28 days and remained steady after about 15 days. The concentration of formaldehyde emission from floorings showed extremely low.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-107
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• 1989

In this study one aspect of consumer behavior in household equipment utilization was investigated the pattern, frequency, rate of washer use and their relation to the following factors a) Washer related factors : extent of the presence of desired characteristics, the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features and related household facilities. b) Psycho-social factors : attitude of energy conservation, preference & ability to wash by hand, standard of washing of the respondent homemaker. c) Socio-demographic factors : age, education level and employment status of homemaker, house-hold income, the presence of children under seven years, size of family, the presence of a paid help. The subjects of this study were 286 homemakers with washer in Seoul. Analysis methods were used to fuequency, one-way ANOVA, Gamma test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test and multiple regression of SPSS program. The major findings are the following; 1) The pattern, frequency, rate of washe use appeared various in every household. 2) Extent of the presence of desired characteristics was very low and respondents evaluated their washer's intrinsic features moderate. 3) The pattern of washer use was affected by the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features, preference & ability to wash by hand, wife's employment and household income. The frequency of washer use was affected by family size and preference & ability to wash by hand. The rate of washer use was affected by extent of the presence of desired characteristics, the evaluation of washer's intrinsic features and preference & ability to wash by hand. Therefore, washing by hand is major substitute for washer. If more desired characteristics are added to washer, intrinsic features are improved, and maintenance costs are reduced or household income is raised, every houshold with washer will use washer more than washing by hand in washing ask so that it may gain more utility from washer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2002

In order to provide basic data for the means to improve food situation and nutritional status of those supported by the National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS), we examined household food insecurity and nutritional status of children under the support of NBLSS. This study included 209 children aged 3-12 years (99 boys and 110 girls) and their caretakers. We measured house food insecurity using Radimer/cornell Scale, children's body sizes and nutrient intake by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and caretakers' nutritional management skills. Only 9.6％ of the households were in food secured (FS) while 8.1％ were in household food insecured, but without hunger (HFI), 42.1％ were in adult food insecured with hunger (AFI), and 40.2％ were in child hungry (CH). Important predictors of food security were nutritional management skills of the caretakers as well as their education, but neither income nor food expenditure of the households. Mean energy intake of the children was 86.0％ of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Intakes of protein, phosphorous, vitamin A and B$_1$ were relatively high ranging from 112.3％ to 124.4％ of the RDAs while those of calcium, iron, niacin, vitamin C were low showing 74.8-83.3％ of the RDAs. Height, weight and weight/height ratio were close to the reference levels. Lower nutrient intakes of children were observed as the households were more food insecured. However, nutrient intakes and body sizes of children did not differ as a function of household socioeconomic status representing by income, food expenditure and caretakers' education. Results of this study suggest the importance of food security and nutritional management skills for the children's nutrient intakes. Concerning this matter, a need for nutrition education in the program for NBLSS was discussed.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권17호
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• pp.123-160
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• 1996

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2012

Wood biomass including forest residues, waste wood, and construction residuals has been widely generated in Korea, but forest biomass from the National Forest Management Operation Project plays a big role in generating wood biomass. Unfortunately the promotion policy of woody energy organized by the Forest Service in Korea concentrates more on demand creation rather than on supply expansion. Therefore, in order to utilize insufficient wood resources effectively, it is greatly required to develop uses for maximizing their added value. In particular, more attention to the use of the second generation biomass has been paid in foreign countries because there is a threshold that the first generation biomass cannot produce enough biofuel without threatening food supplies and biodiversity. In Korea, wood pellets are regarded as the alternative clean fuels to oils and coals that emit green house gases into the atmosphere. However, using wood as pellet raw materials can not be an economic way because the value of wood disappears right after burning in the boiler in spite of its contribution to the decrease of carbon emission. Differently from wood pellets, kraft pulping process using woody biomass produces black liquor as a by-product which can be used to generate electricity, bioenergy and biochemicals through gasification. Thus, it can be more economical to make a torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass such as low-quality wood and agricultural leftovers as raw materials of pellets.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2227-2235
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 마이크로파를 이용하는 무선 전력전송시스템의 간단한 구성과 측정한 동작 특성을 제시한다. 마이크로파 전력전송시스템은 건물 안, 회의실과 같은 좁은 공간내에서 저전력을 이동 단말 기기에 공급하는 것을 목표로 한다. 실험실 수준에서 프로토타입 시스템의 제작 및 측정이 용이하도록 각 구성 회로 소자들을 직접 설계 및 제작, 측정하였는데, 마이크로파 발진기, 고출력증폭기, 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나, 저역통과여파기, 검파 및 정류회로이다. 마이크로파 무선전력전송 시스템은 중심주파수 2.4GHz에서 고정 전력 29.3dBm을 생성하여 전송하고, 수신측 패치 안테나를 수신한 전력을 정류기를 통해서 DC 전력으로 변환한다. 두 안테나간 이격 거리에 따라 측정되는 DC 전압값의 차이를 제시하고, 각 거리별로 수신측에 전달되는 DC전력량이 서로 다름을 측정값으로 제시한다.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2017

본 연구는 복합지열시스템의 효율성 평가를 위하여 필요한 부분인 대수층의 수리지질학적 분석을 위하여 수행되었다. 복합지열시스템은 개방형 지열시스템과 밀폐형 지열시스템을 결합하여 지열의 효과적 이용을 목적으로 제안되었으며, 연구지역인 충주시 금가면의 수막재배 지역에 소구경 복합지열시스템과 대구경 복합지열시스템이 설치되었다. 연구 지역 대수층의 수리지질학적 특성 분석을 위하여 양수시험과 단계양수시험을 포함하는 현장수리시험 결과, 대수층의 투수량계수는 $13.49{\sim}58.99cm^2/sec$의 범위를 가지며, 저유계수는 $1.13{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}5.20{\times}10^{-3}$의 범위로 분석되었다. 또한, 지구화학적 분석에서 지하수 성분 중 $Ca^{2+}$이온과 ${HCO_3}^-$ 이온이 우세한 것으로 나타났고, 랑겔리어 지수 및 리즈나 지수 분석에서 지하수 내의 탄산염 광물의 침전 가능성이 낮게 평가되었다. 수직적 수온 변화 분석에서는 평균 증온률이 $2.1^{\circ}C/100m$로 평가되어 지열 특성이 충분한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 연구지역에서는 지하수의 양이 풍부하고 지중열을 안정하게 사용할 수 있으며 탄산염 광물의 침전에 의한 열에너지 효율 저하가 발생할 가능성이 낮으므로 복합지열시스템 설치가 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.216-224
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• 1997

냉축열 잠열재로 $Na_2$SO$_4$.10$H_2O$를 선정하여 냉축열을 위한 잠열축열 온도 수준을 NH$_4$Cl과 KCI을 잠열온도 조절제로 활용하여 16$^{\circ}C$에서 -0.3$^{\circ}C$까지 조절하였으며, 상변화 사이클에 의한 열특성 변화 추이와 물성의 안정성을 실험 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 냉축열재로 선택한 $Na_2$SO$_4$.10$H_2O$는 물성이 불안정한 상변화 잠열 재였으나, 조핵제로 BRX를, 증점제로 CBP를 첨가하여 물성을 안정시켰으며, NH$_4$Cl과 KCl을 상변화 온도조절제로 선택하여 상변화 온도를 조절할 수 있다. 2. SSD＋NH$_4$Cl서 NH$_4$Cl을 g~21wt%로 증가시킴에 따라 상변화 온도는 16~-0.3$^{\circ}C$로 조절할 수 있었으며, 잠열축열량은 30kca1/kg에서 23.4kca1/kg으로 감소하였고, 상변화 온도조절제, KCl을 l7wt%에서 25wt%로 증가시킴에 따라 상변화 온도를 14$^{\circ}C$에서 4$^{\circ}C$까지 조절할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.962-968
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• 2013

화석연료의 고갈에 따른 연료유의 가격상승과 세계온난화에 따른 그린하우스가스(Green House Gas, GHG)등의 문제가 주목받고 있다. 이러한 이유로 해상운송사업은 연료의 소비를 줄이고 환경보호를 위해 온실가스를 줄이기 위한 친환경선박(Green ship) 기술에 대하여 관심을 보이고 있다. 선박의 전력시스템은 안전한 운항을 위한 가장 주요한 요소 중 하나이다. 이러한 이유로 선박 설계에 있어 대부분의 선박은 바우 스러스터(Bow thruster, B/T), 크레인 등의 장비사용에 따른 피크부하로 인하여 큰 용량의 발전기를 사용하고 있다. 이러한 이유로 선박의 항해에 있어 대부분의 선박의 발전기는 저부하 운전구간에서 운전되게 된다. 50%또는 그 이하의 운전율인 저부하 운전에서는 발전기의 운전효율이 저하하게 되어 많은 연료유를 소비하며 발전기 수명에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 입출항이 비교적 많이 있는 컨테이너선박에 이차전지 적용방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 이차전지를 적용하여 항해 중 발전기 운전율을 높이므로 연료 소비를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.