• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.363-368
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• 1999

The parallel operation system of multiple uninterruptible power supplies(UPSs) is used to increase power capacity of the system or to secure higher reliability at critical loads. In the parallel operation of the two UPSs, the load-sharing control to maintain the current balance between them is a key technique. Because a UPS has low output impedance and quick response characteristics, in case of an unbalanced load inverter output current changes very rapidly and thereby can instantaneously reach an overload condition. In this study, high precise load-sharing controller is proposed and implemented for the parallel operation system of two UPSs with low impedance characteristics and this controller controls the frequency and the voltage to minimize the active power component and the reactive power component which are gotten from the current difference between two UPSs. And then a good performance of the proposed method is verified by experiments in the parallel operation system with two 40KVA UPSs.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.36-38
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• 2011

As the increase of the fuel oil price, the demand for saving of the ship running cost is growing. To meet the needs of the shipowners, the method for low load operation has been developed by engine licenser. As one of low load operation, the turbocharger cut-out system can be utilized flexibly both full and part load operation. It can be possible to optimize fuel consumption at both full and part load operation. Tests by engine licenser with 12K98MC engine have proven that the fuel oil consumption can be reduced approximately 5%. In this paper we will study the application of main engine turbocharger cut-out system onboard a vessel. One of four turbochargers with MAN Diesel & Turbo 12K98MC-C and 12K98ME-C engine is cut out with swing gate valve. The fuel oil consumption is measured during sea trial and engine shop test.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.508-513
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• 2014

Heavy load start but light load operation is a common case in practical drive applications. When an induction motor is employed for such applications, its rated power is usually chosen according to the heavy load start. Then, during light load operation, its efficiency and power factor are low. To solve this problem, it is proposed to adjust the motor windings from the startup to the normal operation conditions. In this paper, arrangement of the adjustable windings is introduced, air gap field with different windings is investigated, and steady state operation performance under various loads is examined. It can be seen that by using proper winding arrangement both startup and operation performances are satisfactory.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1087-1095
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• 1994

Chain drive power transmission system was developed for a low head hydro-turbine which generates power by energy transformation on the turbine blades attached to chains. Also, experimental and theoretical analysis for the sprocket wheel tooth load distribution were performed. The tooth load was measured by the specially designed load sensor. It was found that the tooth load distribution for the steady state operation was in good accordance with the quasi-static state results showing the peak load at the final meshing tooth. The trend of the experimental results agreed with the theoretical results based on the spring model analysis and difference in the magnitude of the maximum tooth load was considered to be the effect of the variable spring constant due to the moving contact point between the roller and sprocket wheel tooth.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.587-592
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• 2017

In the three-phase four-wire low-voltage power distribution equipment, single-phase and three-phase load have been used mainly mixed. Also linear and nonlinear loads have been used together in the same conditions. In a three-phase four-wire distribution line, the current distribution of three-phase linear load is almost constant in each phase during driving or stopping, but the single-phase load is different from each other for each phase in accordance with the operation and stop. So that the voltage unbalance is caused by the current difference of each phase. In the three-phase four-wire distribution system, non-linear load is used with linear load. The presence of single-phase nonlinear loads can produce an increase in harmonic currents in three-phase and neutral line. It can also cause voltage unbalance. In the present study, we analyzed for the voltage unbalance fluctuations by the operation pattern of the single and three-phase linear and non-linear load in three-phase four-wire low voltage distribution system.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2015

For effective distribution planning and operation, we need a reliable estimation of operation capacity. But it is difficult to ensure reliability due to the low accuracy of section load data, which is used as a basis in estimating the operation capacity. This paper discusses how to improve the accuracy of section load data by analyzing the existing method of estimating the section load, using statistical techniques to adjust the acquired data, and using the section load estimation algorithm to estimate the section load based on the adjusted data.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.307-318
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• 2010

In this work, an accurate analysis of low frequency current ripple in residential fuel cell power generation systems is performed based on the proposed residential load model and its unique operation algorithm. Rather than using a constant dc voltage source, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model is implemented in this research so that a system-level analysis considering the fuel cell stack, power conditioning system (PCS), and the actual load is possible. Using the attained results, a comparative study regarding the discrepancies of low frequency current ripple between a simple resistor load and a realistic residential load is performed. The data indicate that the low frequency current ripple of the proposed residential load model is increased by more than a factor of two when compared to the low frequency current ripple of a simple resistor load under identical conditions. Theoretical analysis, simulation data, and experimental results are provided, along with a model of the load usage pattern of low frequency current ripples.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2013

Cycle-to-cycle variation has long been recognized as limiting the range of operating conditions of spark ignition engines, in particular, under lean and highly diluted operation conditions. At a part load, some of the cycles tend to knock, while others may have incomplete combustion by the time the exhaust valve opens. An experimental study has been performed in order to evaluate the relative contribution of several relevant parameters on the cyclic variability in spark ignition engines. In general, the stability of engine operation is improved with fuel injector according to the optimal injection timing, but the stability of engine operation at idle is not improved compared with a practical gasoline engine. In this study, we investigated the relationship of the effect of operating conditions for the stability at low speed and load.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2005

In a parallel operation of UPS, there are two types of circulating currents between UPS. One is the low order circulating current with a fundamental frequency caused by the amplitude and phase differences of UPS output voltages, and the other is the harmonic circulating current with PWM switching frequency caused by non-synchronized PWM waveforms among UPS. The elimination of the low order circulating current is essential for optimal load sharing in parallel operations of UPS, which can be accomplished by the phase and magnitude control at each UPS. The harmonic circulating current may cause troubles and deteriorate in performance of the controller for optimal load sharing in parallel operation of UPS. This paper presents a PWM synchronizing method to eliminate the harmonic circulation current in parallel operation of UPS. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme has been investigated and verified through experiments by a 50kVA UPS.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.695-702
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• 2009

Dynamic behavior of Libr-water absorption system using low-temperature hot water was investigated numerically. Thermal-hydraulic model of single-effect/double-lift 100 RT chiller was developed by applying transient conservation equations of total mass, Libr mass, energy and momentum to each component. Transient variations of system properties and transport variables were analysed during start-up operation. Numerical analysis were performed to quantify the effects of bulk concentration and part-load operation on the system performance in terms of cooling capacity, coefficient of performance, and time constant of system. For an absorption chiller considered in the present study, optimum bulk concentration was found to exist, which resulted in the minimum time constant with stable cooling capacity. COP and time constant increased as the load decreased down to 40%, below which the time constant increased abruptly and COP decreased as the load decreased further.