• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.12a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2015

Agreeable to the latest enviromental problem, CCS(Carbon Capture&Storage) technology is more significant. As these issues, Oxy-Combustion is one of the technology that realize the CCS technology and large scale field test proceeding at other places. The aims of this research were to evaluate the combustion characteristics of pressurized oxy-combusition that is attract attention as the next generation power plant. The experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale pressuized oxy-combustor. The fuel used was low calorific value syn-gas that is mainly composed of CO(60%), $H_2$(27%). The burner was used co-axial burner, to investigate combustion characteristics, temperature in the reactor and the flue gas compositions were measured.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

저발열량 가스(LCVG : low calorific value gases)는 석탄 가스, coke oven gas, carbon black waste gas, 화학공정 폐가스, 휘발성 유기화합물(VOC) 등 다양하다. 발열량 150~2,000㎉/m$^3$정도의 가스를 말하며 주요 조성은 H$_2$, CO, CH$_4$ 등이다. 화학공정 폐가스나 휘발성 유기물질 배출공정에서는 저농도(LEL 25% 이하)의 유기물질이 주 조성이다.(중략)

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low calorific value gases (LCVG) emitted from chemical processes such as painting booth, dye works and drying processes etc. Characteristics of VOCs are low calorific values less than 150 kcal/$m^3$, high activation energy for ignition and low energy output. These characteristics usually make combustion unstable and its treatment processes needs high-energy consumption, The cyclone combustion system is suitable for LCVG burning because it can recirculate energy through a high swirling flow to supply the activation energy for ignition, increases energy density to make a combustion temperature higher than usual swirl combustor and also increases mixing intensity, This research was conducted to develop optimized cyclone combustion system for thermal oxidation of VOCs. This research was executed to establish the effect of swirl number with respect to the combustion temperature and composition of exhausted gas in the specific combustor design.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.89-93
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• 1999

Experimental studies are conducted to investigate the flame stability and the thermal/fuel NOx formation characteristics of the low calorific value(LCV) gas fuel. Synthetic LCV fuel gas is produced through mixing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia on the basis that the thermal input of the syngas fuel into a burner is identical to that of natural gas, and then the syngas mixture is fed to and burnt with air on flat flame burner. Flame behaviors are observed to identify flame instability due to blow-off or flash-back when burning the LCV fuel gas at various equivalence ratio conditions. Measurements of NOx in combustion gas are made for comparing thermal and fuel NOx emissions from the LCV syngas combustion with those of the natural gas one, and for analyzing ammonia to NOx conversion mechanism. In addition, the nitrogen dilution of the LCV syngas is preliminarily attempted as a NOx reduction technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1129-1135
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• 2013

In this, three types of natural gas were employed to investigate the effect of low-calorific natural gas on the performance of and emissions from a heavy-duty CNG engine. The performance and emission characteristics were analyzed by conducting a full-load test, WHSC mode test, and WHTC mode test. The results showed that the torque of low-calorific natural gas with $9,800kcal/Nm^3$ of higher heating value decreased by 4.4 compared to that of the current natural gas with $10,400kcal/Nm^3$ of heating value. With low-calorific fuels, CO, $CO_2$, and $NO_x$ emissions decreased. However, THC emissions increased. According to the WHSC and WHTC mode test results, the thermal efficiency increased and the emission characteristics showed a similar trend to the full-load test results. Low-calorific natural gases cause a decrease in torque at full-load operation conditions and an increase in hydrocarbon emissions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.23-29
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• 1999

Experimental studies are conducted to investigate the flame stability and the thermal/fuel NOx formation characteristics of the low calorific value (LCV) coal derived gas fuel. Synthetic LCV fuel gas is produced by mixing carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and ammonia on the basis that the thermal input of the syngas fuel into a burner is identical to that of natural gas. The syngas mixture is fed to and burnt with air on flat flame burner. With the variation of the equivalence ratio for specific syngas fuel, flame behaviors are observed to identify the flame instability due to blow-off or flashback and to define stable combustion range. Measurements of NOx content in combustion gas are made for comparing thermal and fuel NOx from the LCV syngas combustion with those of the natural gas one. In addition, the nitrogen dilution of the LCV syngas is preliminarily attempted as a NOx reduction technique, and its effects on thermal and fuel NOx production are discussed.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.452-459
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• 2010

This study is aimed to investigate changes of combustion characteristics and heat efficiency when syngas from gasification process using low-rank fuel such as waste and/or biomass is applied partially to an industrial boiler. An experimental study on syngas co-combustion was performed in a 0.7 MW (1 ton steam/hr) water tube boiler using heavy oil as a main fuel. Three kinds of syngas were used as an alternative fuel: mixture gas of pure carbon monoxide and hydrogen, syngas of low calorific value generated from an air-blown gasification process, and syngas of high calorific value produced from an oxygen-blown gasification process. Effects of co-combustion ratio (0~20%) for each syngas on flue gas composition were investigated through syngas injection through the nozzles installed in the side wall of the boiler and measuring $O_2$, $CO_2$, CO and NOx concentrations in the flue gas. When syngas co-combustion was applied, injected syngas was observed to be burned completely and NOx concentration was decreased because nitrogen-containing-heavy oil was partially replaced by the syngas. However, heat efficiency of the boiler was observed to be decreased due to inert compounds in the syngas and the more significant decrease was found when syngas of lower calorific value was used. However, the decrease of the efficiency was under 10% of the heat replacement by syngas.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

The low caloric LNG, which didn't meet the gas interchangeability of Korea, has been imported from 2005 winter season. Amount of this LNG imports has been increased from year to year. In the near future, very low caloric LNG (calorific value ${\leq}$ 9,500 kcal/$Nm^3$) such as CBM, Shale LNG will be imported large amounts. For this reason, we need a method for monitoring live calorific values(CV) of LNG in each storage tank to supply gasified LNG with interchangeable CV at LNG receiving terminal. This study was conducted to develope the method for measuring the live CVs of LNG in each storage tank using LNG densitometer. For this purpose, the accurate correlation between CV and density of LNG was derived and the uncertainty of this method was evaluated and also the measuring system for CVs was constructed at LNG receiving terminal. To verify this method, the results of measurement using this method were compared with the field data of LNG analysis and the results showed that the deviations were 0.17~0.47%.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.12a
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• pp.57-59
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• 2015

A method to measure heating value of natural gas using sound velocity and thermal conductivity is proposed to solve the low heating value issues of imported natural gas in South Korea. Natural gas generally consists of methane, butane, ethane, and inert gases. Heating value changes as the gas material properties, such as density, wobbe index, etc., varies. It is highly important to measure heating values of natural gases accurately because measuring the heating value depends on the given natural gases' components. Therefore, sound velocity and thermal conductivity is measured to estimate indirectly heating value of Natural gas with their changed components.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

Sandwich panel is composed of the facing sheets which support the external load, the cellular core with the low thermal conductivity and the adhesive agent to bond them. The cellular core was produced by binding lightweight cellular aggregates with cement and two types of acrylic base St/BA emulsion were added with a view to improving the workability ion due to high absorption of light weight aggregate and to develope more strength, respectively. This investigation is to comprehend the effect of the addition of two types of St/BA on thermal conductivity, calorific value and exhaustion content of noxious gas in addition re compressive and flexural strength. Flexural strength of the specimen made with St/BA-2 ranged 20kgf/cm2 to 25kgf/cm2 and was about 50% to 100% as high as that of the non-fiber specimen. Thermal conductivity was recorded from 2.0 to 3.0 kcal/mh$^{\circ}C$ and calorific value of St/BA modified specimen was much lower than that of commercial sandwich panel core of EPS and urethane. Careful caution has to be taken because generation of noxious gas such as CO, NO and SO2 tend to increase with addition of polymer cement ratio.