• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

Recently, many human-friendly communication methods have been studied for human-machine interface(HMI) without using any physical devices. One of them is the vision-based gesture recognition that this paper deals with. In this paper, we define some gestures for interaction with objects in a predefined virtual world, and propose an efficient method to recognize them. For preprocessing, we detect and track the both hands, and extract their silhouettes from the low-resolution hand images captured by a webcam. We modeled skin color by two Gaussian distributions in RGB color space and use blob-matching method to detect and track the hands. Applying the foodfill algorithm we extracted hand silhouettes and recognize the hand shapes of Thumb-Up, Palm and Cross by detecting and analyzing their modes. Then, with analyzing the context of hand movement, we recognized five predefined one-hand or both-hand gestures. Assuming that one main user shows up for accurate hand detection, the proposed gesture recognition method has been proved its efficiency and accuracy in many real-time demos.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5446-5451
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• 2014

Because there are some mistakes by hand in processing electronic maps using a navigation terminal, this paper proposes an automatic offline recognition for traffic signs, which are considered ingredient navigation information. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), which have been used widely in the field of 2D face recognition as computer vision and pattern recognition applications, was used to recognize traffic signs. First, using PCA, a high-dimensional 2D image data was projected to a low-dimensional feature vector. The LDA maximized the between scatter matrix and minimized the within scatter matrix using the low-dimensional feature vector obtained from PCA. The extracted traffic signs under a real-world road environment were recognized successfully with a 92.3% recognition rate using the 40 feature vectors created by the proposed algorithm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.262-270
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• 2014

Considering that few studies had paid attention to the living characteristics and social environment surrounding amblyopes, the present study surveyed the parents of children aged 3 to 12 and diagnosed-with amblyopia to analyse the time when the children were first diagnosed-with amblyopia, the characteristics of their living environment and the socio-environmental factorsand to delve into correlations. For the purpose of this study, 104 parents of patients in 4 hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon consented to participate in the survey from September 2 to November 23: 2013. As for the time when the children were first diagnosed with amblyopia: the age of 4 accounted for the highest percentage(28.8%). The older the parents were: the later the children were diagnosed with amblyopia (p<.01). The higher the education of parents, the earlier the diagnosis of amblyopia(p<.05). The present findings-will be conducive to decreasing the number of patients who have no choice but to live-with low vision for life by missing some timely visual acuity tests and ophthalmological examination and particularly to developing a social safety net that can realize national medical welfare for the low-income families and the socially disadvantaged class.With the help of information technology.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.863-877
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze clarify the relationship of transformational leadership of higher-ranking officers and work satisfaction of lower-ranking officers for the government employees in education administration. The main conclusions were as the followings. First, looking into the analysis result on the transformational leadership of higher-ranking officers, there is a noticeable difference for each position, grade 6 shows noticeably low difference than grade 8 and grade 9 in overall position, and for each service agency, the government employees in board of education show noticeably higher difference than the government employees in elementary schools on entire serve agencies. Second, looking into the analysis result on the work satisfaction of lower-ranking officers, for each position, grade 6 and grade 7 government employees show noticeably low difference than grade 8 and grade 9 in personnel territory and education and training territory, and for each service agency, government employees in the board of education show noticeably higher difference than the government employees in elementary and middle schools on agencies. And third, looking into the analysis result on the relationship of work satisfaction of lower-ranking officers and the transformational leadership of higher-ranking officers, the statistically noticeable level of static correlation has been shown for vision setting and growth-striving territory from the lower domain of the transformational leadership of higher-ranking officers in personnel, compensation, working environment and so forth, efficiency territory of operation, cohesion territory of department and charisma leadership territory in personnel domain, cohesion territory of department in personnel domain, human respect territory in duty, personnel, and compensation domain.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

The Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is a part of the active safety system, providing optimized vision to the driver during night time and other poor-sight conditions of the road by automatic adaptation of lighting to environmental and traffic conditions. Basically, an AFS provides four different modes of the passing beam as designated in an United Nations Economic Commission for Europe regulation (ECE324-R123): neutral state or country light (Class C), urban light (Class V), highway light (Class E), and adverse weather light (Class W). In this paper, we first present an optics design for an AFS system capable of producing the Class C/V/E/W patterns requiring only on/off modulation of multi-array LEDs with no need for any additional mechanical components. The AFS optics consists of two separated modules, cutoff and spread; the cutoff module lights a narrow central area with high luminous intensity, satisfying the cutoff regulation, and the spread module forms a wide spread beam of low luminous intensity. Each module consists of two major parts; the first converts a discretely positioned LED array into a full-filled area emitting light source plane, and the second projects the light source plane to a 25 m away target plane. With the combination of these two optics modules, the four beam patterns are formed by simple on/off modulation of multi-array LEDs. Then we report the development of a prototype that was demonstrated to provide the four beam patterns.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify appearance management behavior related to well-being lifestyle of women. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The factors relating to a well-being lifestyle were personality and value, fashionable appearance, leisure activity, healthy food, brands, social activities, reasonable consumption, environmental protection, and individuality. The factors of appearance management behavior were weight management and skin care, apparel and accessory management, dietary treatment, bathing, make-up and hair styling, underwear management, using hospitals, beauty salons, and identity kits. 2. Women were classified into 4 kinds of groups: well-being, reasonable value pursuit, ostensible consumption, and bad-being. 3. The members of the well-being group were generally married, highly educated, had a high income, and spent a lot of money for their appearance management. They had a high level of appearance management in terms of weight and skincare, apparel and fashion accessories management, dietary treatment, bathing, make-up and hairstyling, underwear management, and in the use of hospitals and beauty salons. The members of the reasonable value pursuit group were generally married, less educated, with a medium income, and spent little for their appearance management. Members of the ostensible consumption group were generally unmarried, with a low income but spent lot of money for sundries and appearance management. They also had a high level of appearance management with regard to weight training and skin care, apparel and fashion accessory management, underwear management, the use of hospitals and beauty salons, and using identity kits. Members of the bad-being group were generally unmarried, had low incomes, little disposable income, spent little on appearance management, and didn't manage their appearance as a whole.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

Recently Korean government announced the vision for low-carbon green growth. Quantifying of the carbon storage, distribution, and change of urban trees is vital to understanding the role of vegetation in the urban environment. In the city planning the carbon storage estimation has become an important factor. In this paper, KOMPSAT-2 satellite imagery was used to develop a method to predict the urban forest carbon storage from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) computed from a time sequence image data. The total carbon storage change by trees in the 6 administrative zonings of Jinju was estimated using the image data in 2007 and 2009. Therefore the paper presents a method based on the satellite images, which can estimate the spread of urban tree and carbon storage variation using KOMPSAT-2.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1676-1689
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• 2014

At present, the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system has become a hot research topic in the computer vision field. In the CBIR system, the accurate extractions of low-level features can reduce the gaps between high-level semantics and improve retrieval precision. This paper puts forward a new retrieval method aiming at the problems of high computational complexities and low precision of global feature extraction algorithms. The establishment of the new retrieval method is on the basis of the SIFT and Harris (APISH) algorithm, and the salient region of interest points (SRIP) algorithm to satisfy users' interests in the specific targets of images. In the first place, by using the IPDSH and SRIP algorithms, we tested stable interest points and found salient regions. The interest points in the salient region were named as salient interest points. Secondary, we extracted the pseudo-Zernike moments of the salient interest points' neighborhood as the feature vectors. Finally, we calculated the similarities between query and database images. Finally, We conducted this experiment based on the Caltech-101 database. By studying the experiment, the results have shown that this new retrieval method can decrease the interference of unstable interest points in the regions of non-interests and improve the ratios of accuracy and recall.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.44-49
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• 2020

One of display trends today is development of high pixel density. To get high PPI, a small size of pixel must be developed. RGB pixel is arranged by evaporation process which determines pixel size. Normally, a fine metal mask (FMM; Invar alloy) has been used for evaporation process and it has advantages such as good strength, and low thermal expansion coefficient at low temperature. A FMM has been manufactured by chemical etching which has limitation to controlling the pattern shape and size. One of alternative method for patterning FMM is laser micromachining. Femtosecond laser is normally considered to improve those disadvantages for laser micromachining process due to such short pulse duration. In this paper, a femtosecond laser drilling for thickness of 16 ㎛ FMM is examined. Additionally, we introduce experimental results for controlling taper angle of hole by vibration module adapted in laser system. We used Ti:Sapphire based femtosecond laser with attenuating optics, co-axial illumination, vision system, 3-axis linear stage and vibration module. By controlling vibration amplitude, entrance and exit diameters are controllable. Using vibrating objective lens, we can control taper angle when femtosecond laser hole drilling by moving focusing point. The larger amplitude of vibration we control, the smaller taper angle will be carried out.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.179-190
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• 2011

The swirling flow developing in Francis turbine draft tube under part load operation leads to pressure fluctuations usually in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 times the runner rotational frequency resulting from the so-called vortex breakdown. For low cavitation number, the flow features a cavitation vortex rope animated with precession motion. Under given conditions, these pressure fluctuations may lead to undesirable pressure fluctuations in the entire hydraulic system and also produce active power oscillations. For the upper part load range, between 0.7 and 0.85 times the best efficiency discharge, pressure fluctuations may appear in a higher frequency range of 2 to 4 times the runner rotational speed and feature modulations with vortex rope precession. It has been pointed out that for this particular operating point, the vortex rope features elliptical cross section and is animated of a self-rotation. This paper presents an experimental investigation focusing on this peculiar phenomenon, defined as the upper part load vortex rope. The experimental investigation is carried out on a high specific speed Francis turbine scale model installed on a test rig of the EPFL Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines. The selected operating point corresponds to a discharge of 0.83 times the best efficiency discharge. Observations of the cavitation vortex carried out with high speed camera have been recorded and synchronized with pressure fluctuations measurements at the draft tube cone. First, the vortex rope self rotation frequency is evidenced and the related frequency is deduced. Then, the influence of the sigma cavitation number on vortex rope shape and pressure fluctuations is presented. The waterfall diagram of the pressure fluctuations evidences resonance effects with the hydraulic circuit. The influence of outlet bubble cavitation and air injection is also investigated for low cavitation number. The time evolution of the vortex rope volume is compared with pressure fluctuations time evolution using image processing. Finally, the influence of the Froude number on the vortex rope shape and the associated pressure fluctuations is analyzed by varying the rotational speed.