• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.478-481
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• 2001

The spent petrochemical catalyst used in the manufacturing process of terephthalic-acid contains valuable metals such as cobalt and manganese. To recover these metals, sulfuric acid leaching was performed with hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. Low extractions of Mn, Co and Fe were obtained by sulfuric acid leaching without reducing agent. With adding hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent, the high extraction of these metals could be obtained. Different from general leaching experiment, the extraction rates of metal components were decreased with increasing reaction temperature in this case. Under the optimum condition, the extraction rates of Mn, Co and Fe were 93.0%, 87.0% and 100% respectively.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2020

본 연구는 Cu/CeO2-X 촉매의 저온 CO 산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 촉매의 구조적 특성, 반응 특성을 통해 확인하였다. 사용된 촉매는 습윤 함침법으로 제조되었으며, 각기 다른 소성온도(300~600 ℃)에서 형성된 CeO2 (지지체)를 이용하여 Cu (활성금속)를 담지함으로써 Cu/CeO2-X 촉매를 제조하였다. 제조된 Cu/CeO2-X 촉매는 저온 CO 산화 활성을 평가하였다. 125 ℃에서 Cu/CeO2_300 촉매는 90% 이상의 활성을 나타냈으며, CeO2의 소성온도가 증가됨에 따라 활성이 점차 감소하여, Cu/CeO2_600 촉매는 65%를 나타냈다. 다음으로 촉매의 물리/화학적 특성을 Raman, BET, XRD, H2-TPR, XPS 분석으로 확인하였다. XPS 분석 결과, CeO2-X의 소성온도가 낮을 수록 불안정한 Ce3+ 종(비 화학양론 종) 비율이 증가하였다. 증가된 Ce3+종은 Cu와 결합함으로 써 치환결합을 형성하였으며 Raman 분석의 CeO2 peak 변화와 H2-TPR 분석의 치환결합 구조의 환원 peak를 통해 확인하였다. 결과적으로 Cu와 CeO2의 치환 결합 형성은 촉매의 redox 특성 및 저온 CO 산화 활성을 증진시켰다고 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.865-871
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• 2005

Submicron thick solid electrolyte membrane is essential to the implementation of low temperature solid oxide fuel cell, and, therefore, development of new electrode structures is necessary for the submicron thick solid electrolyte deposition while providing functions as current collector and fuel transport channel. In this research, a nickel membrane with multi-stage nano hole array has been produced via modified two step replication process. The obtained membrane has practical size of 12mm diameter and $50{\mu}m$ thickness. The multi-stage nature provides 20nm pores on one side and 200nm on the other side. The 20nm side provides catalyst layer and $30\~40\%$ planar porosity was measured. The successful deposition of submicron thick yttria stabilized zirconia membrane on the substrate shows the possibility of achieving a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2015

Ceramic foams are prepared as positive images corresponding to a plastic foam structure which exhibits high porosities (85-90%). This structure makes the ceramic foams attractive as a catalyst in a dry reforming process, because it could reduce a high pressure drop problem. This problem causes low mass and heat transfers in the process. Furthermore, the reactants would shortly contact to catalyst surface, thus low conversion could occur. Therefore, this research addressed the preparation of dry reforming catalysts using a sol-gel catalyst preparation via a polymeric sponge method. The specific objectives of this work are to investigate the effects of polymer foam structure (such as porosity, pore sizes, and cell characteristics) on a catalyst performance and to observe the influences of catalyst preparation parameters to yield a replica of the original structure of polymeric foam. To accomplish these objectives industrial waste foams, polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) foams, were used as a polymeric template. Results indicated that the porosity of the polyurethane and polyvinyl alcohol foams were about 99% and 97%. Their average cell sizes were approximate 200 and 50 micrometres, respectively. The cell characteristics of polymer foams exhibited the character of a high permeability material that can be able to dip with ceramic slurry, which was synthesized with various viscosities, during a catalyst preparation step. Next, morphology of ceramic foams was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and catalyst properties, such as; temperature profile of catalyst reduction, metal dispersion, and surface area, were also characterized by $H_2-TPR$ and $H_2-TPD$ techniques, and BET, respectively. From the results, it was found that metal-particle dispersion was relatively high about 5.89%, whereas the surface area of ceramic foam catalysts was $64.52m^2/g$. Finally, the catalytic behaviour toward hydrogen production through the dry reforming of methane using a fixed-bed reactor was evaluated under certain operating conditions. The approaches from this research provide a direction for further improvement of marketable environmental friendly catalyst production.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts are prepared by deposition-precipitation method for the preferential CO oxidation In order to investigate the effect of pH on the Ru dispersion and particle size, the pH of precursor solution is adjusted to between 5.5 and 9.5. 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH of 6.5 has high Ru dispersion of 17.9% and small particle size of 7.7nm. In addition, 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH 6.5 is easily reduced at low temperatures below $150^{\circ}C$ due to high dispersion of $RuO_2$ particle and shows high CO conversion over 90% in the wide temperature range between $100^{\circ}C$ and $160^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the deposition-precipitation is a feasible method to improve the Ru dispersion as compared to the impregnation method. The 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared by deposition-precipitation exhibits higher CO conversion than 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts prepared by impregnation due to higher metal dispersion and better reducibility at low temperature.

• 청정기술
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2023

대표적인 비암모니아성 선택적 촉매환원반응기인 H₂-SCR의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 Ce를 조촉매로 활용한 PtNi/CeO₂-W-TiO₂의 촉매 분말을 합성하고 다공성 금속 구조(porous metal structure, PMS)에 코팅하여 선택적 촉매 환원에 의한 NOx 제거 특성을 평가하였다. CeO₂를 조촉매로 사용한 H₂-SCR은 CeO₂를 사용하지 않은 경우에 비해 더 높은 NOx 제거 효율을 나타내었으며, CeO₂ 담지율 10 wt%에서는 반응온도 90℃에서 가장 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 한편, 촉매구조체인 PMS의 촉매 코팅량이 증가함에 따라 NOx 제거효율은 90℃ 이하에서는 향상되었으나, 120℃ 이상에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였고 공간속도를 4,000 h^-1에서 20,000 h^-1로 변경한 경우, 120℃이상의 온도에서 NOx 제거 효율이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2022

최근 촉매 소각 공정은 휘발성 유기 화합물을 저온(< 450 ℃)에서 고효율(> 95%)로 산화 및 분해하기 위해 상당한 주목을 받고 있다. 많은 귀금속 촉매 물질이 잘 연구되어 사용되고 있으나 단가가 비싸고 위험하다. 본연구에서는 Cu와 Mn 전구체의 공침법을 활용하여 간단하고 손쉬운 합성 방법을 개발함으로써 고활성 및 저비용의 Cu-Mn 바이메탈 촉매를 제조하였다. 촉매 합성은 Cu와 Mn의 조성비를 조절하여 최적화하였다. 최적화된 촉매는 메조포러스 구조로 230.8 m²/g의 넓은 표면적을 나타냈다. 촉매 성능을 입증하기 위해 에틸 아세테이트의 산화 반응에 대해 Cu-Mn 촉매를 테스트했으며, 250 ℃의 저온에서 100%의 높은 전환 효율을 나타내었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2013

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is a power generation system to convert chemical energy of fuels and oxidants to electricity directly by electrochemical reactions. As a catalyst support for PEMFCs, carbon black has been generally used due to its large surface area and high electrical conductivity. However, under certain circumstances (start up/shut down, fuel starvation, ice formation etc.), carbon supports are subjected to serve corrosion in the presence of water. Therefore, it would be desirable to switch carbon supports to corrosion-resistive support materials such as metal oxide. $TiO_2$ has been attractive as a support with its stability in fuel cell operation atmosphere, low cost, commercial availability, and the ease to control size and structure. However, low electrical conductivity of $TiO_2$ still inhibits its application to catalyst support for PEMFCs. In this paper, to explore feasibility of $TiO_2$ as a catalyst support for PEMFCs, $TiO_2$ nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning and calcinated at 600, 700, 800 and $900^{\circ}C$. Effects of calcination temperature on crystal structure and electrical conductivity of electrospun $TiO_2$ nanofibers were examined. Electrical conductivity of $TiO_2$ nanofibers increased significantly with increasing calcination temperature from $600^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$ and then increased gradually with increasing the calcination temperature from $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$. It was revealed that the remarkable increase in electrical conductivity could be attributed to phase transition of $TiO_2$ nanofibers from anatase to rutile at the temperature range from $600^{\circ}C$ to $700^{\circ}C$.

• 공업화학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2007

망간계 금속산화물을 이용한 저온 선택적 촉매 환원 반응에 대하여 연구하였다. 망간계 금속산화물은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이하의 저온에서 우수한 탈질 특성을 보인다. 온도에 따른 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 변화 실험을 통하여 미반응 암모니아의 배출은 몰비가 증가하고 온도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, $NO_2$의 발생은 반대의 현상을 보였다. $NO_2$는 NO가 촉매 표면에 흡착된 후 nitrate종으로 산화되어 생성되는 것으로 보인다. 촉매 표면에 생성된 nitrate종과 흡착된 암모니아가 반응하기 때문에 $NH_3/NOx$ 몰비 1.0 이상에서도 미반응 암모니아의 배출이 없었다. 담지된 금속산화물의 영향은 Zr은 산화상태를 증가시켜 $NO_2$의 배출이 증가하였으며, Ce를 첨가시킨 경우 $NO_2$ 발생량이 감소하였다. 그러나 금속산화물의 첨가는 전체적으로 NOx 전환율을 감소시켰다

• 폴리머
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.410-414
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• 2002

중심 금속을 안정화시킬 수 있는 ferrocene-based diimine 리간드를 가지고 낮은 산소 친화성을 가진 후전이금속인 Pd 촉매를 합성하여, 극성 단량체인 메틸메타크릴레이트 (MMA)의 중합에 사용하였다. 중합계 내의 impurity scavenger로 triisobutylaluminium (TIBA)를 사용하였을 때에, 중합온도와 [TIBA]/[Pd] 몰비가 생성 중합체(PMMA)의 수율 및 유리전이온도 ($T_g$)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. PMMA의 수율은 40~$50^{\circ}C$의 중합온도 및 2000~3000의 [TIBA]/[Pd] 몰비에서 가장 높았다. PMMA의 $T_g$는 중합온도에는 크게 영향을 받지 않으나, [TIBA]/[Pd] 몰비에 의존한다는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. PMMA의 $T_g$의 변화를 PMMA의 미세구조와 연관시켜 조사한 결과, PMMA의 $T_g$ 이소탁틱도와 직선적 관계를 가짐을 알았다.