• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2003

디지털 영상의 저작권 보호를 위해 PIM을 이용한 웨이블릿 패킷 기반의 새로운 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 웨이블릿 패킷 계수를 블록으로 나누고 PIM을 이용하여 각 블록의 복잡도를 계산한다. 인간의 시각 특성은 복잡한 영역에서는 변화에 둔감하므로 복잡도를 나타내는 PIM에 의해 선택된 계수에 워터마크를 삽입하여 비가시성을 높인다. 실험결과는 제안된 알고리즘을 이용한 워터마킹이 JPEG, SPIHT와 같은 손실 영상 압축, 미디언 필터링 등의 일반적인 영상처리에도 견고함을 보여준다. 특히 고주파 성분이 많이 포함되어 있는 영상을 고압축하는 경우에 좋은 성능을 보여준다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

Papillary immature metaplasia (PIM) of the uterine cervix (Immature condyloma) is a subset of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) which is frequently associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6 and 11. The histologic features of PIM include filiform papillae lined by evenly spaced immature metaplastic-type cells with frequent nucleoli, mild anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index. To characterize the cytologic changes associated with PIM, we analyzed 14 cases of PIM from our file. We reviewed biopsy slides and the cervicovaginal smears taken proximate to the time of blopsy. Histologically, nine cases had either flat condyloma (7 cases) or high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (2 cases). Cytologic changes included cells in various stages of maturation with karyomegaly (14 cases), cells with irregularities in the nuclear membrane (13 cases), intermediate cells with karyomegaly(13 cases), cells with binucleatlon (13 cases), and aborted koliocytes (11 cases) Cervicovaginal smears from all cases were interpreted as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), NOS or ASCUS, rule out squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or LSIL in two cases with flat condyloma or HSIL in a case with severe dysplasia. PIM is a distinct histologic entity that can present with a spectrum of cytologic findings, but cytologic findings may resemble variable reactive conditions and immature HSIL. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose PIM by cytology alone. However, the meticulous efforts for making the cytologic diagnoses which can Induce active management of patients are recommended because PIM is a variant of LSIL and frequently has a flat condyloma or HSIL.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2003

We studied how the passive intermodulation (PIM) power arising in air cavity filters could be calculated and how the design of the filter could be optimized in order to reduce the amplitude of the PIM signal. To do this, using simulated results, we optimized the various parameters of a filter. PIM in an air cavity filter depends on the power dissipated in its cavities. A reduction of this power loss therefore decreases the PIM power in the air cavity filter. Our experimental results confirm that it is possible to design and produce air cavity filters that generate low PIM signals.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2005

Powder Injection Molding(PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape and small core pin (diameter=0.6mm), with the help of computer-aided analysis of powder injection molding process was developed. Computer-aided analysis for dental scaler tip mold was implemented by finite element method with non-Newtonian fluid, modified Cross model viscosity, PvT data of powder/binder mixture. Compter-aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, air vent position prediction were compared with experimental result, and eventually have been shown good agreement. The core pin (diameter=0.6mm) deflection analysis of dental scaler tip PIM mold during PIM filling process was also investigated before mold fabrication.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part2
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• pp.761-762
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• 2006

W-Cu alloy was very useful material for a heat sink, high electric contact and EDM electrode. Powder injection molding (PIM) is the optimum manufacturing technology to provide W-Cu components with low-cost and high-volume. We used various compositions of tungsten coated copper powders (W-Cu with 10 to 80 wt-% of copper) to manufacture W-Cu components by PIM. The optimum mixing, injection molding, debinding and sintering conditions to provide the high performance W-Cu components were investigated. The thermal and mechanical properties of W-Cu parts by PIM were measured. Finally, we can verify the high performance of W-Cu components by PIM with the tungsten coated copper.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1158-1164
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• 2008

목 적: 저자들은 중환자실에 입원하는 환아들에 대한 소아사망률지표 2 (pediatric index of mortality 2, PIM2)와 소아사망위험도 III (pediatric risk of mortality III, PRISM III)의 유효성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2003년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 단일 기관 중환자실에 입실하여 치료받았던 환아의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 중환자실에 입실하여 2시간 이내에 사망하거나 절망적인 상태의 퇴원인 경우는 제외하였다. 환아들의 일반적인 특성에 대해서 Student's t-test와 ANOVA를, PIM2와 PRISM III 항목에 대해서 생존한 환아와 사망한 환아 사이에 상관분석을 시행하였다. 또한, 사망률 예측의 정도에 대한 정확성을 위해서 Hosmer-Lemeshow 적합도에 대한 다중회귀분석과 수용자 작업특성곡선을 사용하였으며 예측사망율의 과대 또는 과소 평가는 표준화된 사망비를 이용하여 검증하였다. 결 과: 193 증례의 의무기록을 검토하였으나 3예가 중환자실에 입실한 2시간이내에 사망하여 190예에 대하여 분석을 시행하였다. PIM2의 항목들은 수술이나 술기 후에 입원한 경우와 저위험군의 항목을 제외하고 생존과 연관성이 있었다. PRISM III에서는 심혈관/신경계 징후, 동맥혈가스분석의 항목이 관련성이 있었으나 생화학과 혈액학적 검사소견은 연관성이 유의하지 않았다. 수용자 작업특성곡선으로 확인한 예측도는 모두 의의가 있었으며 PIM2의 곡선하면적이 0.858 (95% 신뢰도: 0.779-0.938), PRISM III가 0.798 (95%신뢰도: 0.686-0.891)이었다. 또한, 표준화된 사망비는 두 가지 지표 모두 1에 가까웠으며 다중회귀분석을 이용한 Hosmer-Lemeshow 적합도에서 PRISM III가 ${\chi}^2(13)=12.899$, P=0.456이었으며, PIM2는 ${\chi}^2(13)=14.986$, P=0.308이었다. 그러나 PIM2가 가능도비검정에서 PRISM III보다 유의한 특성을 가지고 있었다(${\chi}^2(4)=55.3$, P<0.01). 결 론: 저자들은 중환자실에 입실하는 소아 환자에서 사망률을 예측하는 두 가지 지표(PIM2, PRISM III)가 의미가 있다는 사실을 확인하였다. 저자들은 PIM2가 PRISM III보다 보다 정확하고 적절하다고 생각된다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.205-206
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• 2006

A ball-shape alumina arc-tube for low-wattage lamp was developed by the PIM process. An ultra high purity translucentgrade alumina powder was used. In injection molding process, a hot-runner type mold was developed. The translucent-grade alumina powder was extremely sensitive to contamination so that the injection molding condition and atmosphere control in the furnace should be taken care of with extreme caution. Contamination sources were pinpointed with EPMA. The arc-tube was molded in half and two halves were bonded in the middle by a new bonding technique at room temperature developed in this study.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.497-498
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• 2006

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry. With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape, with the help of computer-aided analysis for powder injection molding process was developed. Compter aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, and air vent position prediction were investigated and eventually showed good agreements with experimental results.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The fabrication process of micro pattern structure with high precision and high aspect ratio using powder injection molding (PIM) is developed. In the PIM process, the metal powder is mixed with the binder systems and the mixture is injected into the metal mold. The injection molded green parts are debinded and sintered to reach final shape and properties. In this method, the optimization of physical properties such as fluidity and strength of the binder system is essential for perfect filling the high aspect ratio micro-pattern. For this purpose, the correlation between the properties of the binder system and feedstock and ${\mu}-PIM$ process was investigated, and a binder system with low viscosity at low temperature(about $110^{\circ}C$) and high strength after cooling was investigated and applied. Employing this process, high precision parts with line type micro pattern structure which has pattern size $160{\mu}m$ and aspect ratio more than 2 can be manufactured.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4536-4544
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크에서 다양한 운영체제 플랫폼을 위한 노드 소프트웨어를 효율적으로 개발하기 위한 개발 도구를 제안한다. 제안하는 도구는 그래픽 모델 다이어그램 작성, PIM 및 PSM 설계, 코드 자동 생성, 배포 파일 자동 생성 등을 위한 모듈로 구성된다. 제안하는 도구를 통하여 사용자들이 전체적인 센서 네트워크 모델을 작성하고, 속성값을 설정함으로써 각 노드 소프트웨어에 대한 PIM과 타겟 플랫폼에 대한 PSM을 설계하면, PSM에 대한 정보와 타겟 플랫폼에 대한 코드 템플릿을 바탕으로 소스코드가 자동으로 생성된다. 그리고, 응용 소프트웨어 코드를 바탕으로 각 노드에 설치할 수 있는 배포파일을 자동으로 생성할 수 있다. 제안하는 도구는 사용자들이 센서 네트워크에 대한 low-level의 정보를 상세히 알지 못하더라도 손쉽게 다양한 플랫폼에 대한 노드 소프트웨어를 생성할 수 있도록 해준다.