• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2016

Improving farming activity competence of farm households has recently been considered one of the most important factors for increasing farm income. However, few studies examine the relationship between farm income and farming activity competence of farm households directly due to the lack of an available dataset. In this study, we examine the relationship between farm household technical managerial competence and farm household income based on the nearly 30,000 farm households consulting data gathered by the Rural Development Administration, RDA. The major findings of this study are as follows: firstly, statistically significant differences in agricultural and farm household income exist between farm households categorized by farm activity competence levels in terms of technique and management. Secondly, a technically and managerially competent farm household group (high-rank farm household) has 2.2 times higher agricultural income and 1.9 times higher farm household income than the technically and managerially incompetent farm household group (low-rank farm household). Thirdly, farm household technical-managerial competence is one of the major factors that affect agricultural and farm household income. Regarding technical competence, agricultural income and farm household income increased by approximately 1,390,000 won and 1,530,000 won, respectively, as technical points increased by one point. However, with respect to managerial competence, agricultural income and farm household income increased by approximately 1,320,000 won and 2,070,000 won, respectively, as managerial points increased by one point.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.61-85
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• 2014

최근 들어 노인 빈곤층문제가 심각한 사회적 이슈로 대두됨에 따라, 중장년층 은퇴 전후 세대들의 소득과 소비를 중심으로 재정안정성 문제를 살펴보았다. '고령화연구패널조사'자료를 활용하여, 은퇴자그룹과 비은퇴자그룹을 나누고, 연령별 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구의 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 은퇴자그룹의 개인총소득은 비은퇴자그룹의 개인총소득에 비해 소득이 3배 이상 낮았다. 둘째, '공적연금소득' 수급비율은 은퇴자그룹은 전체의 30%에 불과하고, 공적연금의 비중은 개인총소득의 40% 이하로 나타났다. '개인연금소득'은 두 그룹 모두 수급비율이 1%내외로 매우 낮은 것으로 조사되었고, 은퇴자그룹에서는 '사적이전소득'이 전체소득에서 차지하는 비중이 크다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 소득이 줄어든 만큼 소비는 은퇴를 하더라도 크게 줄지 않기 때문에, 연령이 증가함에 따라 재정안정성이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 국가로부터의 노후생활 지원에 대한 기대감은 양 그룹 모두 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 다섯째, 은퇴자그룹의 공적연금소득에 미치는 영향요인을 비은퇴자그룹 개인 총소득에 미치는 주요 요인과 비교한 결과, 성별, 연령, 학력, 건강상태가 주요 요인으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 은퇴 전후 세대의 노후소득보장을 위한 정부차원에서의 공적연금 확대와 개인연금 활성화 지원의 필요성을 제안한 점에서 기여도가 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.65-82
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• 1987

Product characteristic approach and hedonic method were explained and applied to demand behavior of housing for 360 households sampled from four districts of Seoul. Th major findings are: 1) Housing prices are determined by housing characteristics, i.e., basic structure, interior space, interior quality, and neighborhood quality. 2) as income increase , the demand for basic structure, interior space, interior of quality, and neighbor hood quality increases. As compared to the counties that have advanced housing financial systems, income elasticity form housing characteristics was low. 3) householder's educational level has insignificant effects on the demand for neighborhood quality. 4) the housing need of family is different to a family life cycle. In the first stage, the increase of income enhances the demand for basic structure. interior space, and interior quality, but inversed with neighborhood quality. In the second and third stages, the demand for basic structure, interior space, and interior quality increases as the income increases. 5) It is predicted that the larger the family size, the more housing space is required. But in the low-income group, an increase in family size results in a decrease in the demand for interior space because expenses for food and education are indispensable ones. In the middle -income group the demand for interior space, interior quality increases as the family size increases, In the high-income group, the larger the family size the more interior quality is demanded. As mentioned above, the demand for housing is derived form characteristics and the demand behavior far housing characteristics is varied with individual household's characteristics. Therefore, the fact that different housing needs according to various income groups should be considered in housing policy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.435-445
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• 2017

본 연구는 단순 의료이용의 차이를 확인하거나 제한적인 의료필요와 의료이용지표를 활용하여 의료이용의 형평성을 연구한 선행연구의 한계를 극복하기 위하여 수행되었다. 구체적으로 의료필요지표로 활동제한여부, 만성질환이환여부와 수, 주관적 건강상태를 활용하였고 의료이용지표로 외래와 입원, 응급이용횟수와 진료비를 활용하였다. 아울러 의료필요를 고려한 의료이용의 형평성을 분석하기 위하여 집중지수와 집중곡선, Le Grand계수를 활용하였다. 주요 분석결과, 첫째 단순한 의료이용 집중정도로 볼 때 저소득층의 의료이용량이 고소득층에 비해서 많은 것이다. 특히, 저소득층 입원이용이 외래나 응급이용에 비해서 크게 많았다. 둘째, 저소득층에게 의료필요가 집중된 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 저소득층의 건강상태가 좋지 않은 것이다. 셋째, 의료필요를 고려한 의료이용의 형평성을 확인하기 위하여 Le Grand계수를 산출하였다. 의료필요를 고려하더라도 고소득층의 의료이용량이 많았다. 즉, 단순한 양적인 의료이용은 저소득층의 이용이 많았지만, 의료필요를 고려한 의료이용횟수는 고소득층이 많은 것이다. 또한, 전체진료비는 활동제한여부와 만성질환수를 고려했을 때는 고소득층의 의료이용이 많았으며 주관적 건강상태와 만성질환이환여부를 고려하였을 때는 저소득층의 의료이용이 많았다. 따라서 대체로 저소득층이 건강상태에 비해 의료이용을 충분히 하지 못하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 저소득층의 주관적 건강상태와 만성질환이환여부 관련 의료필요에 비해 의료비지출이 많았는데 이는 저소득층이 스스로의 건강상태와 만성질환이환에 대한 인식을 소극적으로 함으로써 의료필요가 과소평가된 것이 원인으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2012

Purpose: From the holistic environmental perspective, individual and environmental influences on low-income children's questionable development were identified and examined as to differences in the influences according to the child's developmental stage of infancy (age 0-35 months) or early childhood (age 36-71 months). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional comparative design using negative binominal regression analysis to identify predictors of questionable development separately for each developmental stage. The sample was comprised of 952 children (357 in infancy and 495 in early childhood) from low-income families in South Korea. Predictors included individual factors: child's age and gender; proximal environmental influences: family factors (family health conditions, primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationship, depression in primary caregiver) and institution factors (daycare enrollment, days per week in daycare); and distal environmental influences: income/resources factors (family income, personal resources and social resources); and community factors (perceived child-rearing environment). The outcome variable was questionable development. Results: Significant contributors to questionable development in the infancy group were age, family health conditions, and personal resources; in the early childhood group, significant contributors were gender, family health conditions, grandparent as a primary caregiver, child-caregiver relationships, daycare enrollment, and personal resources. Conclusion: Factors influencing children's questionable development may vary by developmental stage. It is important to consider differences in individual and environmental influences when developing targeted interventions to ensure that children attain their optimal developmental goals at each developmental stage. Understanding this may lead nursing professionals to design more effective preventive interventions for low-income children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.346-358
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find differences in dietary patterns through menu analysis by economic status. The data was obtained from the 1998 and 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Korea. The main variables were economic status, sex, and area by urbanization. The economic status was classified into low, middle, high, and top classes using a poverty line based on the 1998 and 2001 minimum standard cost of living. The areas were divided into metropolis, small city, and rural areas. The dishes of 3 meals were classified into 29 categories by cooking method. The most frequent pattern was "rice + soup + kimchi". The frequency of this Korean basic dietary pattern was the lowest in the top income class and metropolis areas, while the highest in the low income class and rural areas. The frequency of Korean recommended dietary pattern, that is, "rice + soup or stew + kimchi + side dish" was the highest in the top income class. The metropolis group preferred side dishes using meat and a cooking method that saved time, but the rural group preferred side dishes using vegetables and cooking methods that take a longer time. In comparison of dietary pattern between male and female by economic status, the higher economic status, the male's dietary patterns showed more side dishes than those of female. But the main side dish was kimchi in male low class. Consequently, the major dietary pattern in Korea is rice-style, though the western pattern is increasing in the top income class, especially in metropolis areas. Therefore, to make a better dietary pattern, we should develop and spread low-priced recipes of various side dishes and teach financial skills such as ability to make a food budget for lower income classes. Also, we should emphasize the importance of the balance between meat and vegetables and traditional diet and western diet for the top income class, especially in the metropolis areas.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제53호
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• pp.117-159
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• 2016

연구는 월계종합사회복지관 이혼 한부모 자조집단 징검다리의 발전과정 및 성과, 그리고 발전과정과 성과에 관련된 요인을 심층적으로 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하는 사례연구로, 관련 문서, 회원 및 담당자 중간관리자 심층면접, 참여관찰 등 다양한 방법으로 자료를 수집하고 질적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 징검다리의 발전과정은 태동, 토대 구축, 성장, 확장과 독립의 4단계로 구분되었다. 성과는 '개인, 가족, 공동체에서 역량을 키우고 성장함', '징검다리의 울타리를 넘어서 지역사회로'의 2개 범주에서 6개 하위범주, 31개 개념이 도출되었다. 발전과정 및 성과 관련 요인으로는 '이런 저런 문제에도 불구하고 동병상련으로 함께 하는 회원들', '탁월하고 안정적인 리더십', '부족하지만 최선을 다하는 담당자의 헌신', '기관의 확고한 의지를 바탕으로 효과적으로 기능하는 저소득 이혼 한부모 가족 지원의 허브', '조심스러우나 시너지 효과를 내는 혼성집단', '저소득 이혼 한부모 자조집단 운영의 딜레마와 자조집단 운영설명서 부재' 등 6개 범주에서 20개 하위범주, 61개 개념이 도출되었다. 이를 토대로 저소득 이혼 한부모 자조집단 운영에 대해 논의하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the interaction effects of individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation on the onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: Korean National Health Insurance Service National Sample Cohort data from 2002 to 2013 were used. A total of 50,954 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2004 to 2012 and aged 30 years or above were included. We classified patients into six groups according to individual income level and neighborhood deprivation: 'high in advantaged,' 'high in disadvantaged,' 'middle in advantaged,' 'middle in disadvantaged,' 'low in advantaged,' and 'low in disadvantaged.' We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of onset of diabetes complication and diabetes-related hospitalization using the Cox proportional hazard model, with the reference group as diabetes patients with high income in advantaged regions. Results: In terms of the interaction effects of individual income level and regional socioeconomic level, even with the same low individual income level, the group with a high regional socioeconomic level (low in advantaged) showed low HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.08) compared to the 'low in disadvantaged' group (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.16). In addition, the 'high in advantaged' group showed slightly higher HRs for the onset of diabetes complication (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00-1.11) compared to the 'low in advantaged' and it appeared to be associated with slight mitigation of the risk of diabetes complication. For the low-income level, the patients in disadvantaged regions showed the highest HRs for diabetes-related hospitalization (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.19-1.41) compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Although we need to perform further investigations to reveal the mechanisms that led to our results, interaction effects individual socioeconomic status and regional deprivation might be associated with on onset of diabetes complications and diabetes-related hospitalization among type 2 diabetes patients.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the functional status and long-term care services for the community-dwelling low-income elderly. Method: A descriptive research design was used in this study. The functional status of the participants was obtained using Minimum Data Set-Home Care Version 2.0 and the long-term care services were identified via Michigan's choice. Total of 154 persons aged 65 years or older completed Korean Minimum Data Set-Home Care Version 2.0 on the community dwelling low-income elderly. Results: The average of Activities of Daily Living was 4.19, and the range was 0-55, while the average of Instrument of Activities of Daily Living was 4.85 and the range was 0-56. Among the subjects, 46.1% belonged to the Information and Referral group and 1.3% to the Nursing Home group. Severe daily pain was reported by 14.9%, and 76.6% of the participants had impaired vision. The Activities of Daily Living was difference according to living with, education, vision, and depression. The long-term care services differed according to gender, pain, vision, hearing, and depression. Conclusion: The support policy for the elderly needed to focus on impaired visual and depression to enhance the activities of daily living. Moreover, there is a need for the Information and Referral group to arrange and develop nursing intervention resources.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2017

본 연구는 가구소득의 불평등에 민간보험수입과 의료비본인부담지출이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하기 위하여 2015년 의료패널조사데이타에 대하여 소득계층별 집중지수와 집중곡선 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가구소득 집중지수가 0.3580으로 소득이 고소득층에 집중되어 있어서 불평등 정도가 상당히 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 민간보험수입이 고소득층에 집중하여 적지만 고소득층 가구의 소득집중현상을 강화시킨다. 셋째, 저소득층의 의료비 본인부담지출이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 가구소득에서 전체 의료비본인부담지출을 제외한 소득에 대한 집중지수가 0.3676으로 나타나서 의료비본인부담지출 후에도 소득이 고소득층에 크게 집중되어 있었다. 따라서 민간보험수입과 의료비본인부담지출은 모두 가구소득불평등을 심화시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있어서 융 복합적 연구 및 정책방안 마련을 통한 개선이 요구된다.