• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.2 s.31
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• pp.127-131
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• 1977

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the insect-proof netting, chemical sprays, application of attractants, fruit bagging and light trapping as the control methods of the fruit piercing moths in the orchards on reclaimed land in Sugyeri, Goksung, Chonnam Province, during June to October in 1976. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Insect-proof. netting effectively decreased fruit damage, compared as to the control, down to $9.4\%$ from $38.3\%$ in plum, $2.5\%$ from $53.0\%$ in peaches and $10.0\%$ from $29.0\%$ in grapes. 2. The control effects of chemicals varied significantly among the 7 insecticides tested: Deoclean, Naphthalene, and Thiometon were more effective to the fruit damages as low as $2.0\%,\; 3.6\%,\;and\;5.9\%$ respectively. while the fruit damage was rather high, $9.8\%$ for Demeton, $10.1\%$, for Takju +lead arsenate and $14.2\%$ for Padan. ,3. In the test with 7 attractants, the largest number of moths attracted and killed was 416.by Takju+brown sugar and the next was 307 by Takju+venegor while this number was 141 by mixed solution (see text) which is rather lower than expectation The fruit damage was lowest in Takju+honey and$5.2\%$, the next was $5.60\%$ for Takju+venegor and the highest was $12.0\%$, Takju alone. 4. Fruit bagging with polyethylene film effectively decreased the fruit damage from the inserts but brought about severe fruit rot and delay ripening. Meanwhile, paper bagging was less effective in preventing insects, resulting in $17.5\%$ fruit damage, however, gave no adverse effect other than slight Belay in ripening. 5. Light trapping was hardly expected to be a method of controlling these fruit piercing moths. However, the number of collected moths swarmed by electric light was 10.8 for can-descence, 0.95 for blue, and 0.22 for yellow light.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.331-339
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• 1975

This experiment was carried out to obtain some imformations about the ecological variations of the heading time of the newly breeded Indica x Japonica varieties/pedigrees according to the seasonal changes of the seeding date. day length and temperature. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1) At all varieties. days to heading showed a straight reduction according as the seeding time was delayed. 2) At the group of Japonica varieties. the days to heading of early maturing varieties were much shortened and that of medium or late maturing varieties were little or not shortened under high temperature condition but at the group of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica va rieties/pedigrees. days to heading were significantly elongated under high temerature condition. 3) At the group of Japonica varieties. the effect of the short day condition on the days to heading was significantly high at the medium and the late maturing varieties than at the early maturing varieties. however. the short day effect on the reduction of days to heading was not related with the earlyness of each varieties at the group of Indica ${\times}$ Japonica varieties/pedigrees. 4) Days to heading of all varieties under the high temperature condition were longer than that under the ordinary culture. On the other hand, the days to heading of Japonica varieties under the short day treatment were shorter than the days to heading of ordinary culture but at the group of Indica x Japonica varieties/pedigrees. the days to heading under the short day treatment were longer than ordinary culture. 5) At both varieties groups. the days to heading at each seeding time were significantly correlated with days to heading at ordinary cultivation. fl) At the group of Japonica varieties. relatively high correlation(p=0.1) was recognized between the days to heading by delay of seeding time, but at the group of Indica ${\times}$ Japonicava rieties/pedigrees, correlation between the ordinary heading date and the shortening rate of days to heading was very low.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1975

The newborn human is the only mammalian whose mother does not have a food supply ready for it's offspring at birth. From two to four days usually elapse before the mother's supply If milk appears, and during this period, some kind of artificial feeding should be supplied to the infants. Because of this factor, there has been continued debate fog the past hundreds of years as to when the first feeding should be started Accordingly, many experiments were carried out by scholars and because of these, Pre-lateral feedings were believed to be necessary. Many types of pre-lateral feedings were tried and the conclusion was reached that glucose water was the best food for the first infants'feedings. Traditionally, This has been started 12 hours after birth. The causes for the 12 hours delay were thought to (1) provide rest for the infants: (2) prevent regurgitation ana vomiting which tended to be prevalent during this tine: (3) in cases of low weight infants, prevention of aspiration pneumonia. From recent studies of newborn physiology and as pediatric medicine has been rapidly advancing, many studies hare been carried out concerning the improvement of infant nutrition and the early feeding of infants has been emphasized. This author believes it would be very beneficial to try two different kinds of feedings for the infant. (1) experimental feedings ana (2) comparative feeding, and during this period to investigate and compare the infants blood sugar level, hematocrit, gamma globulin level weight changes and to observe the infant reaction ill order to search for a more desirable feeding program. This study was conducted from January to March 1974 with data related to 40 healthy newborn infants (male 21, female 19: weight, 2.79∼4.20㎏ : gestation, 39∼40 weeks) born at Ewha Womens University Hospital and the results obtained were as follows : 1. At time of birth the blood sugar level from the cord sample averaged 88.99㎎/100㎖, but the blood sugar level rapidly dropped after 2 to 3 hours and reached the lowest point after 10 to 11 hours (54.48㎎/100㎖) and rose again by the 24 hour time period (76.80㎎/100㎖). Changes in the blood sugar level of the experiments: groups and the compare-five group was not significantly different until the 6 to 7 hour period, but by the 10 to 11 hour period the blood sugar levels of the experimental group (49,10㎎/100㎖) and the comparative group (49.70㎎/100㎖) were lower than the remainder of the experimental groups. 9. There ware no significant weight changes between the two groups. Average weight at birth was 3.35㎏, but at the 24 hours period birth weight averaged 3.29㎏. (1.8% reduction of birth weight). It continually lowered until at 48 hours, average weight was 3.26㎏ (2.7% reduction from birth weight.) 3. Hematocrit readings showed no significant difference between the groups. Hematocrit, the average value at birth, was 28.07% and abruptly elevated to average 64.35% at the 2 to 3 hour period, then slowly lowered to an average of 59.67% at the 6 to 7 hour period, 55.10% at the 10 to 11 hour period, ana 53.70% at the 24 hour period. 4. At birth, average gamma globulin value averaged 1,39㎎/100㎖. and at the 24 hour period averaged 1,52㎎/100㎖ revealing no significant difference between the two feeding groups. 5. Such factors as voiding, passing of meconium, regurgitation and vomiting showed no significance between the two feeding groups. However, the number of infants voiding and passing meconium in the experimental groups during the first 12 hours was slightly greater. In general there was an increased tendency for regurgitation and. vomiting among a small group of the infants during the first 24 hours which thereafter decreased. 6. Fluid intake averaged 24.38cc at the first feeding and increased to average 30.48cc at the third feeding and further increased to 73. 00cc at the fifteenth feeding. Finally it was suggested that the most reasonable method of early feeding is to give less than 25cc of 5% glucose water and/or 8% powdered milk at 8 to 9 flours after birth in order to prevent hypoglycemia and dehydration.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-105
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• 2005

Climatological characteristics in the variation of soil temperatures in Korea were investigated using Korea Meterological Administration's observation data. And the impacts of soil moisture on the variation of soil temperature were examined using observed precipitation data. The climatological averages of soil temperatures are ranged from 14.4 to $15.0^{\circ}C$ regardless of depths. And they showed an latitudinal gradient with a warm temperature at the southern region and 'U' shape as in the air temperature with a high value along the coastal region. The relatively higher heat capacity and low conductivity of soil compared to those of the air resulted in the significant delay of the maximum and minimum date with depth. As a results, soil acts as a heat source during winter while a heat sink during summer. Global warming and urban heat island have increased the soil temperatures with an average rate $0.3\~0.5^{\circ}C/10-year$ as in the air temperature during last 30 years $(1973\~2002)$. However, the warming rate is maximized during spring contrary to the winter in the air temperature. The temporal variation of soil temperatures is strongly affected by that of soil moisture through an modification of the heat capacity and heat convection. In general, the increased soil moisture clearly decreased the temporal variations and increased the deep layer soil temperatures during cold season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the situation of ICT apply to plastic greenhouse, and the results be apply to design of new one. A CFD analysis were conducted to monitering the ventilation and energy saving of the single span greenhouse newly designed. The causes of delay to apply ICT to plastic greenhouse are the high cost for installation(24%), insufficiency of after services(19%), often disorder(16%), unskillful management of soft ware(15%), insufficient ICT efficiency(13%) and unsatisfying of income increase(12%). The parts of problem occurred in ICT plastic greenhouse are the structure, actuator, environmental control system and sensor(approximate 14%, respectively), remote control technique(13%), plant management technique(12%), energy saving technique(10%) and utilization of software(8%). In the condition of lateral window closed, the average wind speed changed to slow, but it was faster in the condition of leeward side window opened than in the condition of lee and winward side window opened. The air movement in the condition of lateral window closed occur by air moving fan not by out air. It is not affect the room temperature but effective the uniformity of room temperature. The average temperature of low height greenhouse was uniform than high height one. The average temperature in condition of 3rd curtain opened become same with outside temperature after 2 hours, but take more 5 hours in condition of 3rd curtain closed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Ethernet based audio distribution system with a new L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme not only offers guaranteed low latency and jitter characteristics that are essentially required for the distribution of high-quality uncompressed audio traffic, and but also provide an efficient transmission of data traffic on the Ethernet environment. The audio distribution system with a proposed scheme consists of a master node and a number of relay nodes, and all nodes are mutually connected as a daisy-chain topology through up and downlinks. The master node generates an audio frame for each cycle of 125us, and the audio frame has 24 time slotted audio channels for carrying stereo 24 channels of 16-bit PCM sampled audio. On receiving the audio frame from its upstream node via the downlink, each intermediate node inserts its audio traffic to the reserved time slot for itself, then relays again to next node through its physical layer(L1) transmission - repeating. After reaching the end node, the audio frame is loopbacked through the uplink. On repeating through the uplink, each node makes a copy of audio slot that node has to receive, then play the audio. When the audio transmission is completed, each node works as a normal L2 switch, thus data frames are switched during the remaining period. For supporting this L1/L2 hybrid switching capability, we insert a glue logic for parsing and multiplexing audio and data frames at MII(Media Independent Interlace) between the physical and data link layers. The proposed scheme can provide a good delay performance and transmission efficiency than legacy Ethernet based audio distribution systems. For verifying the feasibility of the proposed L1/L2 hybrid switching scheme, we use OMNeT++ as a simulation tool with various parameters. From the simulation results, one can find that the proposed scheme can provides outstanding characteristics in terms of both jitter characteristic for audio traffic and transmission efficiency of data traffics.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 2007

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) which is the most serious threat to cultured shrimp around the world has given enormous economic damages to shrimp culture industry every year since it was found from the shrimp ponds in the west coast of the South Korea in 1993. WSSV has strong infectivity as well as virulence and it can be rapidly transmitted among shrimps in ponds by cannibalism of infected ones. Polyculture of shrimps with carnivorous fish has been applied in commercial shrimp farms to suppress or delay the viral outbreak because the fish may selectively eat the moribund shrimps infected by virus. To determine the selective predatory effect of a carnivorous fish, river puffer Takifugu obscurus on white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, polyculture trials in laboratory scale of WSSV-infected and non-infected shrimps with river puffer were conducted in concrete round tanks of $28.26\;m^2$ in surface area as followings: 1) juvenile shrimps (B. W. 0.62 g) with 5 months old puffer (B. W. 11.60 g) cultured for 8 days, and 2) sub-adult shrimps (B. W. 6.84 g) with 16 months old puffer (B. W. 85.82 g) cultured for 5 days in order to know the effects according to size difference of cultured animals. In polyculture of juvenile shrimp with 5 months old puffer, survival rates of infected and non-infected shrimps were 46.0% and 89.1% respectively and in that of sub-adult shrimp with 16 months old puffer those were4% and 48% respectively. The results showed that puffer tends to selectively prey on virus infected shrimps among infected and non-infected ones in a limited space with although there is difference in predatory rate with age and density of animals. Regardless of different densities and ages of animals as well as health condition of shrimps, however, there were low differences in daily biomass of shrimp consumed per kg body weight of puffer. This finding suggests that puffer preys on healthy shrimps when moribund shrimps were not sufficient. Therefore, farmers should consider the total biomass of puffer as well as density and stocking time when they stock puffer into shrimp ponds for polyculture.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 2011

Nowadays there are a lot of issues about copyright infringement in the Internet world because the digital content on the network can be copied and delivered easily. Indeed the copied version has same quality with the original one. So, copyright owners and content provider want a powerful solution to protect their content. The popular one of the solutions was DRM (digital rights management) that is based on encryption technology and rights control. However, DRM-free service was launched after Steve Jobs who is CEO of Apple proposed a new music service paradigm without DRM, and the DRM is disappeared at the online music market. Even though the online music service decided to not equip the DRM solution, copyright owners and content providers are still searching a solution to protect their content. A solution to replace the DRM technology is digital audio watermarking technology which can embed copyright information into the music. In this paper, the author proposed a new audio watermarking algorithm with two approaches. First, the watermark information is generated by two dimensional barcode which has error correction code. So, the information can be recovered by itself if the errors fall into the range of the error tolerance. The other one is to use chirp sequence of CDMA (code division multiple access). These make the algorithm robust to the several malicious attacks. There are many 2D barcodes. Especially, QR code which is one of the matrix barcodes can express the information and the expression is freer than that of the other matrix barcodes. QR code has the square patterns with double at the three corners and these indicate the boundary of the symbol. This feature of the QR code is proper to express the watermark information. That is, because the QR code is 2D barcodes, nonlinear code and matrix code, it can be modulated to the spread spectrum and can be used for the watermarking algorithm. The proposed algorithm assigns the different spread spectrum sequences to the individual users respectively. In the case that the assigned code sequences are orthogonal, we can identify the watermark information of the individual user from an audio content. The algorithm used the Walsh code as an orthogonal code. The watermark information is rearranged to the 1D sequence from 2D barcode and modulated by the Walsh code. The modulated watermark information is embedded into the DCT (discrete cosine transform) domain of the original audio content. For the performance evaluation, I used 3 audio samples, "Amazing Grace", "Oh! Carol" and "Take me home country roads", The attacks for the robustness test were MP3 compression, echo attack, and sub woofer boost. The MP3 compression was performed by a tool of Cool Edit Pro 2.0. The specification of MP3 was CBR(Constant Bit Rate) 128kbps, 44,100Hz, and stereo. The echo attack had the echo with initial volume 70%, decay 75%, and delay 100msec. The sub woofer boost attack was a modification attack of low frequency part in the Fourier coefficients. The test results showed the proposed algorithm is robust to the attacks. In the MP3 attack, the strength of the watermark information is not affected, and then the watermark can be detected from all of the sample audios. In the sub woofer boost attack, the watermark was detected when the strength is 0.3. Also, in the case of echo attack, the watermark can be identified if the strength is greater and equal than 0.5.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.731-744
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• 2005

Ninety Hanwoo steers(initial BW=167.2$\pm$13.4kg) were used to determine the effect of energy concentrations in concentrates and slaughter age on performance, carcass characteristics. Steers were allotted by BW to one of eighteen pens. Eighteen pens were randomly allotted to a low(70-70-71-72% for the growing, the early, the middle or the late fattening periods), medium(70-71-72-73%) or high(70-72- 73-74%) TDN level of concentrates. Five steers for each treatment of energy level were slaughtered every one month from 26 month of age to 31 month of age. Concentrates was fed restrictedly to achieve a predicted gain of 0.7-0.9kg from growing stage to middle fattening stage. All steers were fed orchard grass(Dactylis glomerata L.) hay as roughage during the growing period, fed rice straw gradually substituted for orchard grass hay during the early fattening period, and fed rice straw only thereafter. Overall body weight and feed intake were not affected by TDN levels of concentrates. Average daily gain for all treatments was higher than 0.9kg/d during the 19-21 month of age and decrease thereafter, but sustained above 0.7kg/d. Mean concentrates intake for all treatments was 1.0-1.3% of live BW during the growing period and 1.5% during the early fattening. Thereafter, it decreased up to 1.4% during the middle fattening and 1.0% during late fattening period. Delay of slaughter end point resulted in a gradual increase of rib-eye area, back fat thickness and marbling score, especially after slaughter age of 29 month there was significant increases(P<0.05). The appearance rate of 1+ and 1 grade related to the slaughter ages was 100% at 29, 30 and 31 months of age, whereas those at 26, 27 and 28 months were 93, 86 and 80%, respectively. Dressing rate was significantly(P<0.05) increased and rate of retailed cut weight significantly(P<0.05) decreased when slaughter age increased. In economic analysis, there was pronounced increase in net income up to 32-46% after slaughter age of 29 months. Under the conditions of this study, high TDN intake is not necessarily required for high quality Hanwoo meat production and slaughter age of 29 month might be the optimum for Hanwoo steers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.219-223
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• 2010

Purpose: To test the radiosensitizing effect of the newly synthesized novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, SK-7041 in vivo. Materials and Method: The RIF-l cell line was implanted into the back of a 6-week-old female C3H mouse, intradermally, The mice were grouped into control, drug, radiation (RT), and RT+drug group. SK-7041, 4 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally for six cycles every 12 hours for mice in the drug and RT+drug group, An identical volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered at the same frequency to mice in the control and RT groups. A single 5 Gy fraction was delivered to mice in RT and RT+drug group 6 hours after the fourth delivery. The volume of the implanted tumor was measured every 2~3 days to formulate the growth delay curve. Results: For the control, drug, RT, and RT +drug groups, the average duration for implanted tumor to reach a volume of $1,500mm^3$ was 10 days, 10 days, 9 days, and 12 days, respectively. Moreover, the tumor volume on D14 was $276.7mm^3$, $279.9mm^3$, $292.5mm^3$, and $185.5mm^3$, respectively (p=0.0004). The difference for the change in slope for the control and drug versus the RT and RT+drug groups were borderline significant (p=0.0650). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that SK-7041 has a radiosensitizing effect for the RIF-1 cell line in vivo at a low concentration and this effect may be synergistic. Implementing this result to clinical trial is warranted.