Journal of Aquaculture (한국양식학회지)

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국양식학회)
권호 표지

Selective Predatory Effect of River Puffer on WSSV-infected Shrimp in Culture of Shrimp with River Puffer under Laboratory Scale

황복과 새우의 복합사육시 황복에 의한 흰반점바이러스(WSSV) 감염 새우의 선택적 포식 효과

  • 장인권 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 조영록 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 이재용 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 서형철 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 김봉래 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 김종식 (국립수산과학원 서해특성화연구센터) ;
  • 강희웅 (국립수산과학원 서해수산연구소 증식연구팀)
  • Published : 2007.12.31
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Abstract

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) which is the most serious threat to cultured shrimp around the world has given enormous economic damages to shrimp culture industry every year since it was found from the shrimp ponds in the west coast of the South Korea in 1993. WSSV has strong infectivity as well as virulence and it can be rapidly transmitted among shrimps in ponds by cannibalism of infected ones. Polyculture of shrimps with carnivorous fish has been applied in commercial shrimp farms to suppress or delay the viral outbreak because the fish may selectively eat the moribund shrimps infected by virus. To determine the selective predatory effect of a carnivorous fish, river puffer Takifugu obscurus on white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, polyculture trials in laboratory scale of WSSV-infected and non-infected shrimps with river puffer were conducted in concrete round tanks of $28.26\;m^2$ in surface area as followings: 1) juvenile shrimps (B. W. 0.62 g) with 5 months old puffer (B. W. 11.60 g) cultured for 8 days, and 2) sub-adult shrimps (B. W. 6.84 g) with 16 months old puffer (B. W. 85.82 g) cultured for 5 days in order to know the effects according to size difference of cultured animals. In polyculture of juvenile shrimp with 5 months old puffer, survival rates of infected and non-infected shrimps were 46.0% and 89.1% respectively and in that of sub-adult shrimp with 16 months old puffer those were4% and 48% respectively. The results showed that puffer tends to selectively prey on virus infected shrimps among infected and non-infected ones in a limited space with although there is difference in predatory rate with age and density of animals. Regardless of different densities and ages of animals as well as health condition of shrimps, however, there were low differences in daily biomass of shrimp consumed per kg body weight of puffer. This finding suggests that puffer preys on healthy shrimps when moribund shrimps were not sufficient. Therefore, farmers should consider the total biomass of puffer as well as density and stocking time when they stock puffer into shrimp ponds for polyculture.

흰반점바이러스(WSSV, white spot syndrome virus)는 세계적으로 새우양식산업에 가장 심각한 피해를 주는 질병으로 우리나라에는 1993년 서해안에서 처음 보고된 이래 해마다 축제식 새우양식장에 반복적으로 대량폐사를 가져오고 있다. WSSV는 전염성이 매우 강한 바이러스로서 새우양식장에 내에서 감염된 새우들 간에 공식에 의하여 빠르게 감염이 확산될 수 있다. 황복과 같은 육식성 어류는 감염새우 혹은 약한 새우를 선택적으로 포식함으로써 바이러스의 발병을 지연 혹은 억제시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있어 양식현장에서 새우와 함께 복합적으로 양식이 시도되고 있지만 황복의 감염새우에 대한 선택적 포식의 정도와 효과에 대해서는 보고되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 WSSV에 감염된 새우와 비감염된 건강한 새우를 대상으로 사육생물의 연령과 크기에 따른 황복의 선택적 포식효과를 조사하기 위하여 흰다리새우 Litopenaeus vannamei의 치하와 5개월산 황복, 중형 새우와 16개월산 황복으로 구분하여 원형수조($28.26\;m^2$)에서 사육실험을 실시한 결과, 치하와 5개월산 황복의 복합사육의 경우 건강새우와 감염새우의 생존율은 각각 89.1%, 46.0%였으며 중형새우와 16개월산 황복의 실험에서는 건강새우와 감염새우의 생존율이 각각 48%, 4%로서 모두 감염새우가 건강새우에 비해 생존율이 크게 떨어져 황복은 건강새우보다는 감염새우를 선택적으로 포식하는 것으로 나타났다. 황복은 크기에 관계없이 단위체중당 하루에 포식하는 새우의 총 중량은 크게 차이가 나지 않으며 새우의 크기와 밀도의 차이에 따라서도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 황복은 감염새우를 선택적으로 포식하기는 하지만 감염새우가 부족할 경우에는 새우의 건강상태와는 무관하게 일정량의 새우를 포식하기 때문에 새우양식장에 황복을 넣을 때는 황복의 입식시기와 밀도 뿐 아니라 황복의 총중량도 충분히 고려되어야 한다.

Keywords

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