• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.522-528
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• 2011

Artificial basilar membranes made of PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) are manufactured using microfabrication processes. The mechanical behavior of PVDF artificial basilar membrane was measured to evaluate its performance as a mechanical frequency analyzer using scanning LDV(laser Doppler vibrometer). The experimental setup consists of the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane, a loud speaker connected to an amplifier for generating acoustic pressure of specific spectral pattern, and a scanning LDV with controlling unit for measuring the displacement of the membrane on the incoming acoustic stimulation. The microfabricated artificial basilar membrane was attached tightly upon a package containing a chamber which can be filled with silicone oil before placed on the experimental setup stage. The experiment results showed that the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane has a property as a mechanical frequency analyzer.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

The noise levels on board ship recognized at Europe in the early 1970s and the noise regulations on board ship began to put in a statutory form. After that, in 1982 "International Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships" adopted by IMO and it became standard to the newly built ship and remain so to this day. Especially, the ship engine room, which have huge main engine and various kinds of subsidiary machines, is under an extremely loud condition and so the worker who works in it is easy to lose his hearing. Recently, each nation regulates the allowable noise exposure time by law to protect the industrial employee from the occupational hardness of hearing. In our country, the allowable noise exposure time is regulated by the labor standard law but the international provisions regulated by IMO have been applied in case of the ship engine room. In this paper, the cabin's noise levels of cargo-passenger ships plies south-west coast line were investigated.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.46.3-46.3
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• 2016

We present the ALMA Cycle 2 results "Two New SiO Maser Sources in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions" which was published in the Astrophysical Journal (Vol. 826, P157, 2016). Silicon monoxide (SiO) masers are rare in star forming regions, with the exception of five known SiO maser sources. However, we detected two new SiO maser sources from infrared loud clumps of the high-mass star forming regions G19.61-0.23 and G75.78+0.34 using the KVN single dish. High angular resolution observations with ALMA and JVLA toward G19.61-0.23 suggest that the deeply embedded young stellar object (YSO) of SMA 1 is powering the SiO masers. In addition, the SiO v=1, J=1-0 line shows four spike features while the v=2 maser shows combined features of one spike and broad wing components, implying energetic activities of the YSO of SMA 1 in the G19.61-0.23 hot molecular core. The SiO v=0, J=2-1 emission shows bipolar outflows in NE-SW direction with respect to the center of the SiO maser source. A high angular resolution map of the SiO v=1, J=2-1 maser in G75.78+0.34 shows that the SiO maser is associated with the CORE source at the earliest stage of high-mass star formation. Therefore, the newly detected SiO masers and their associated outflows will provide good probes for investigating this early high-mass star formation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.843-850
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• 2002

Linear transformation theory has been effectively used in the design and analysis of prestressed concrete structures. The underlying assumptions of the theory, which were often overlooked, are investigated in the respect of equivalent load method. As a result, it is found that the same equivalent loading system is produced for all the cases of the linear transformation by the assumptions of the conventional equivalent load method. On the other hand, equivalent loading systems in a strict and accurate sense do not satisfy the classical theories of the linear transformation. Also, it is shown that a little different equivalent loading system from the conventional one is obtained for each linear transformation according to the proposed equivalent load method that is derived from the self-equilibrium property of the tendon-induced forces. Therefore, it can be concluded that the linear transformation theory is valid only when referring to the conventional approximate equivalent load method. The discussions are further extended to the eccentrically located circumferential tendon in the wall of containment structures, where the problem of eccentricity is analyzed also from the view point of the linear transformation.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.251-257
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• 2014

An actuator system is a type of motor designed to control a mechanism operated by a source of energy, in the form of an electric current by converting energy into some kind of motion. As audio actuators, transforming electric voltage signal into audio signal, speakers and amplifiers are commonly used. In applications of industry, high output power systems are required. For these systems to generate high-quality output, it is essential to control output impedance of audio systems. We have developed an adaptable power supply for driving active amplifier systems with variable loads. Depending on the changing values of resistance of the speaker which produces audible sound by transforming electric voltage signal, the power supply source of the active amplifier can generate the maximum power delivered to the speaker by an adaptable change of loads. The amplifier is well protected from the abrupt increment of peak current and an excess of current flow.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.215-224
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• 2010

This paper is designed to investigate the attributes of sound and emotion resided in traditional Eastern thought by looking into acoustic theories such as Sunguarakron (聲有哀樂論) in Akgi(樂記), Sungmuaerakron(聲無哀樂論) of Haegang and Akhakgebum(樂學軌範), Chongiron(天機論) in Choson(朝鮮) dynasty. Six types of emotions, namely sadness, pleasure, happiness, anger, respect, and, affection (哀心, 樂心, 喜心, 怒心, 敬心, 愛心) which is related with sounds was closely reviewed through Akgi(樂記). Also attributes of sounds such as loudness, sharpness, pitch, roughness, fluctuation strength and pleasantness was corresponded with plain & complicated(單複), pitch, good & bad(善惡) slow & fast(舒疾), loud & quiet(猛靜) respectively. In addition to this, this paper is narrowed down that the basic ideas about sound and emotions of Choson(朝鮮) confucian scholar was based on theory of music and rhythm on Akgi(樂記). Furthermore, the relationship between expressed sound and emotions which was revealed in Chongiron(天機論) has been examined. Finally, various applied research and studies will be promoted through this study, because this study will provide foundation which supports sounds and emotions of Eastern.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

The silencer of 155mm caliber howitzer is developed to reduce its firing loud noise. This kind of research of a large gun was seldom because its big firing noise does not make significant effect even if to use silencer. Nowadays, military facilities became closely located civilian residential area. The noise would be regarded environmental pollution. So the noise reducing research becomes reconsidered. The previous silencer researches were only dealt with small guns as pistols and rifles moreover their theories was not properly analyzed for a large caliber silencer. The reason was previous researches of a large caliber silencer as 155mm howitzer were limited because their data based on simulation results without actual test by using computational fluid dynamics. In this study, the entire processes of silencer of 155mm caliber howitzer which were design, manufacturing, actual firing test, and analysis of its theories, were performed and showed. In particular, the actual noise of with silencer and without was measured and the results were compared to analyze the effect of silencer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.7
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• pp.65-76
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• 2009

Korea has established a code for the economic and cultural industry that covers a wide range of classes unlike the old information era which was limited to the simple knowledge, technology, tools, morals, and customers that had been established in our society. On the other hand, 'culture marketing' is a series of marketing activities in which value-added items are created and shared. The combination of business management and culture seemed pretty awkward considering how rapidly the world was changing, however, the nature of today's culture has changed and the economic nature of culture products has resulted from those changes. In this paper, two authors who expressed the cultural identity in the culture products are studied through a comparison analysis; the author Min Yeongsoon expressed the identity confusion that she experienced in a foreign country and how she overcame homesickness in her work; and the author Kim Ata expressed his confidence in Asia and used his clear and loud voice to express the culture in his work. In addition, today's culture products are affected by the surrounding cultures such as the member's traditional society, environmental culture, and individual's culture. It is a good source for good works of art. In this study, the efforts of seeking the cultural identity, structuring the concept, seeking a new market and possibilities are used to make a consistent process in order to make a series of the systems required for planning and developing culture products.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.127-131
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• 2019

Purpose - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. Review which store environments have a direct and positive impact on consumer responses, such as purchases. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on clues that can clearly amplify the effects of background music. The purpose of this study is to examine what kind of store environment, combined with background music, has a direct and positive effect on consumer reactions such as purchase, and suggest future research directions. Results - The manager decides to use background music in the store because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to identify the emotional response of the consumer. In addition, appropriate background music lowers the psychological purchasing barriers of consumers. Previous studies have often not conducted a basic review of whether consumers perceive background music when it is used in retail stores. For example, it is necessary to make sure that the volume of the background music is loud enough and that the noise is properly excluded despite the congestion of the store so that the pure influence of the background music on the consumer can be measured. A way for store managers to clarify and differentiate their identity is to create a unique and satisfying store atmosphere for their customers. In order to help customers focus on their purchases, store managers must use marketing elements to integrate the five senses. And they should plan background music aiming at synergy effect of these five senses. In other words, in order to make the store atmosphere positive, it is not enough to have a suitable visual design interior or background music in the store, and consumers should have the opportunity to smell, taste and touch it directly. Conclusions - In conclusion, we hope that the following issues will be studied by several scholars in the future. It should be clarified that the impact of background music on customers varies depending on the customer's movement in the store, the selection of the background music genre order, and the timing (interval) of background music exposure to the customer.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

This study was designed to examine comfort levels of pitch and loudness with target matching and their effects on electroglottographic (EGG) and acoustic measures. Twelve speakers, six males and six females, were instructed to produce /a/ sustained vowel for three seconds at a comfortable pitch and loudness level without any instruction and with a target matching procedure of either a certain f0 or SPL separately with visual and auditory feedback. The range of pitch for females and males were presented by progressing up and down randomly at intervals of 5Hz from 150 Hz to 310 Hz (total 33 frequency targets) and from 85 Hz to 190 Hz (total 22 frequency targets), respectively. The loudness levels were 65, 75, 85, 95 dB (total of four intensity targets) for both males and females. Subjective estimations of comfortable levels were obtained using a 10-point equal-appearing interval rating scale following each phonation. The results showed that males and females demonstrated similar trends in loudness levels with greatest comfort at 75 dB, whereas pitch comfort ratings showed a greater variability with females having a wider range with target matching. In the comfort levels of individuals, most male and female speakers rated higher comfort at soft, rather than loud phonations. On the other hand, most male speakers perceived highest comfort levels below the comfort pitch levels they phonated under natural conditions. Higher frequency ranges, however, were perceived to be more comfortable than those of natural condition in most female speakers, although the comfortable pitch levels in spontaneous phonations were within the comfort level ranges determined by targeted phonations. When comparing acoustic (%jitter, %shimmer, SNR) and EGG measures (CQ%) between spontaneous comfortable phonations and targeted phonations produced by the same subject at similar f0 and intensity, no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). Thus, target matching procedures may be considered a compatible and alternative method to reduce the variability of comfortable pitch and loudness levels by eliciting consistent comfortable phonations.