• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 2014

These studies were conducted to identify the effects of non-perforated breathable package film on storability at $1^{\circ}C$, $8^{\circ}C$, and $20^{\circ}C$ storage of 'Fuji' apples. The fresh weight loss rate was less than 2.0% in all non-perforated breathable films at three different storage periods and temperatures, $1^{\circ}C$; 210 days, $8^{\circ}C$; 75 days, and $20^{\circ}C$; 30 days except for the perforated film. 1,300 cc ($1^{\circ}C$), 5,000 cc ($8^{\circ}C$), and 10,000 cc ($20^{\circ}C$) films were closed at the optimum MA storage condition by carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration. Ethylene concentration was lowest at the 40,000 cc film in every temperatures during storage. The 1,300 cc film established higher result in soluble solid and vitamin C content than any other films at $1^{\circ}C$, also showed higher in visual quality by panel test. The 5,000 cc film had the best results on soluble solid and off-flavor in $8^{\circ}C$. In the $20^{\circ}C$ storage after 30 days of treatment the 10,000 cc film had highest firmness and visual quality. Following these results, it come to conclusion the suitable type of non-perforated breathable film such as 1,300 cc at $1^{\circ}C$, 5,000 cc at $8^{\circ}C$, and 10,000 cc at $20^{\circ}C$ for MA storage in 'Fuji' apples.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.391-397
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• 2011

The use of Hydrogen as a fuel is receiving considerable attention and as a result, research on novel methods of hydrogen production is necessary so that the hydrogen demands in the future can be satisfied. This study presents experimental data on methanol Autothermal Reformation that quantifies the relationship between the oxygen-to-methanol ratio ($O_2/CH_3OH$) and reformer efficiency. For each catalyst configuration, the $O_2/CH_3OH$ was varied from 0.1 to 0.4, with an increment of 0.05, to investigate the effects of $O_2/CH_3OH$ on the reactor performance, including temperature profile, conversion, and efficiency. $O_2/CH_3OH$ was increased from 0.15 to 0.20, and the catalyst bed temperature increased by $235^{\circ}C$ to approximately $550^{\circ}C$. The catalyst bed temperature increased with increasing $O_2/CH_3OH$ as the reaction shifted from endothermic to exothermic reaction and as a result, excess heat, which raised the reactor temperature, was generated. The reactor performance was shown to be highly dependent on $O_2/CH_3OH$. The optimum $O_2/CH_3OH$ = 0.30 found in the experimental tests is 30% higher than the theoretical optimum of 0.23. This is attributed to a combination of factors such as the concentrations of the $O_2$ and $CH_3OH$ gas, reaction rate, catalyst effects, heat loss from the reactor, and the difference between the actual amounts of reaction products formed and the theoretical amounts of the reaction products.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2012

The current beauty service of Korea is upgrading its outside appearance from traditional small-shop image and its speed of change and competition are more severe than ever before. The top priority trait of beauty management is based on man-power resource, and personnel-management is the most important thing that more than anything else. Compared with other arenas of business, personnel management plays a key role in beauty industry. As a result, this research begins with the issue of personnel management. In addition, I will show that the management leadership of beauty service affects organization civil actions and changing jobs in the beauty industry employees, and the leadership can lower changing job rate to some extent. The role and duty of business manager is very significant because the dependence of man-power resource is magnificent in beauty service. In spite of rapid changing of economic surroundings, the management of beauty service is still working without any detail plans. It is no exaggeration to say that the most of beauty service managers are lack of leadership conception. Although the demands of customers are changing everyday, the frequent changing of jobs among talented employees drops customers credibility and high-quality service. From a management viewpoint, re-training cost of employees leads to economic loss and the company suffers from financial problems. As a result, it creates vicious circle in the beauty industry. Today, the management atmosphere in the beauty service is hard to get its right track because of the cutthroat competitions of beauty industry and difficulties of hiring promising employees. It has been said that "Nothing ventured, Nothing gained" Above all, the beauty service requires job speciality and it produces economic profits. Therefore, the managers desperately need to change the way they regard those with job changers. In this research shows the principal index of the leadership type of beauty business managers how much affects its employees' long-term working condition. The new concept of leadership, such as alternative suggestions, setting goals, and organization civil action will reorganize the stereo-type frame. I will also investigate the factors of job changing and intention of the beauty service employees for the development option of the beauty industry.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2016

The sustainability of Iris koreana, a rare and endemic plant designated by the Korea Forest Service, is threatened due to artificial factors such as habitats loss and climate change etc. and internal factors such as changes in biological properties of the habitats etc. but conservation biology research has not been performed in South Korea. The objective of this study is to establish the species conservation strategies by analyzing the characteristics of their habitats, including: 1) Population characteristics, and 2) habitat analysis of the vegetation and abiotic environments. From April to May, 2015, population characteristics [density (stems $m^{-2}$), flowering rate (%) and leaf area size ($cm^2$)] in I. koreana habitats such as Buan1~6 (BA1~6), Jangseong1~2 (JS1~2) and vegetation characteristics (phytosociological research and ordination analysis), and abiotic environments [soil temperature ($^{\circ}C$), soil humidity (%), transmitted light ($mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$) and canopy openness (%)] were measured. I. koreana was mainly distributed at elevation 50 to 150 m and 2 to $11^{\circ}$ slope. Slope direction was shown as 90 to $193^{\circ}$. The average degree of canopy openness was 11.9%. It showed the highest at BA2 (17.5) and the lowest at JS1 (7.7). The average degree of transmitted light was $6.3mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$. It showed the highest at BA2 (10.1) and the lowest at JS1 (3.6). Population density showed average 25.8 (stems $m^{-2}$). It showed the highest at JS2 (19.7) and the lowest at JS1 (9.3). flowering stems showed average 16.9 (stems). It showed the highest at BA3 (35) and the lowest at BA5 (4). Leaf area size was average $94.1cm^2$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.642-649
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• 2012

The southern coast of Korea is important for the ark shell ($Scapharca$ $broughtonii$) aquaculture, but the productivity was rapidly reduced during the previous decade by mass mortality. To overcome this economic loss, investigations only focused on environmental factors, and microbiological researches were performed insufficiently. In this study, two sites (Gangjin and Jinhae bay) were selected for their high and low rate of mortality, respectively, and the existence of microflora from underwater sediments in the bodies of $S.$ $broughtonii$ was analyzed. We screened the whole body of each sample and chose unique colonies, which exhibit alpha- and beta-hemolytic activity, for identification. The microflora in $S.$ $broughtonii$ was less variable than sediments, and restricted species were isolated. We identified 17 genera of 88 species and 16 genera of 64 species from the two bays, respectively. A major proportion was comprised of $Bacillus$ species, with the $Bacillus$ $cereus$ group being the most common species among the $Bacillus$ strains, while $Paenibacillus$, $Lynsilbacillus$, and $Vibrio$ species were the second most abundant species. At the genus level, there were no significant microbial differences between the two coastal regions. 64 species were isolated from rare site (Jinhae bay), but more species (88) with greater variety were isolated from the frequent site (Gangjin bay). Therefore, it was assumed that the cause of mass mortality lay in the difference in specie-level diversity, and conducting investigations on the diagnosis of pathogenic species by challenging tests using isolated unique species.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2016

Black tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is known to have more ${\beta}-carotene$, lycopene, and vitamin C than general red-colored tomatoes. In this study, we evaluated the quality properties, antioxidant activities and sensory characteristics of black tomato cookies. Cookies were prepared by replacing 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% of flour with black tomato powder. Density of black tomato cookies tended to be decreased between control (1.20) and 3% added groups (1.12). pH value was decreased from control (6.66) to 7% added group (5.16). Spread factor and loss rate were increased with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Hardness was gradually increased from $107.77g/cm^2$ in control to $170.50g/cm^2$ in 7% added group. Color measurement indicated that L-value (brightness) was highest in control (70.46) and lowest in 7% added group (45.23); whereas, a-value (redness) increased while b-value (yellowness) tended to decrease with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were directly proportional to the amount of black tomato powder. Consumer preference scores in color and flavor of black tomato powder added group were higher than those of control. Characteristic strength test was not significantly different among the groups. Overall, the results indicated that adding 5% black tomato powder is desirable for making black tomato cookies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1275-1282
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• 1999

The quality changes by storage conditions were examined in order to establish the optimum CA storage conditions of unbagged and bagged 'Fuji' apples. The weight retention rate of apples was higher in CA than air storage, but there was no significant difference among CA conditions. Bagged apples had higher weight than unbagged apples under the same condition. The loss of flesh firmness, titratable acidity and green color of apples was retarded more effectively in 1% $O_2$ than 3% $O_2$ storage, and in $0^{\circ}C$ and 3% $CO_2$ than $2^{\circ}C$ and 1% $CO_2$ with 1% $O_2$ Titratable acidity tended to decrease more rapidly in bagged than unbagged apples. Soluble solid was not affected by storage conditions. Internal browning was developed within 2 months in 1% $O_2$ and 3% $CO_2$ storage, but there was no significant difference according to storage years and bagging treatment. At the sensory evaluation, unbagged apples were rated as higher quality than bagged apples after 8 months storage, and the hardness, juiciness, acidity and overall acceptability of apples stored in 1% $O_2$ were Higher than those in 3% $O_2$ but those of apples stored in 1% $O_2$ were not affected by $CO_2$(1, 3%) and temperature(0,\;$2^{\circ}C)$ differences. Above results suggest that the optimum CA storage condition of 'Fuji' apples is $0^{\circ}C,\;1%\;O_{2}+1%\;CO_2$.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to analyse and conduct the comprehensive geriatric assessment for the elderly in rural area. The subjects were 388 older people aged 65 years or older living in the community. Data for comprehensive assessment such as physical, mental, functional, social and environmental conditions were collected from January to February, 2001 through a person-to-person interview. Of the total 388 olders, 169(43.6%) were men and 219(56.4%) were women. Mean ages of men and women were $73.5{\pm}6.4$ and $74.0{\pm}6.2$ years respectively. Three common diseases of the elderly were arthralgia(51.6%), chronic back pain(33.2%) and hypertension(18.6%), and higher in women than in men. Impairment rate of vision, hearing and bowel or bladder control was 59.0%, 20.1%, and 28.4% respectively. But that of lover extremities 3.4%. In terms of cognitive function, short term memory loss was found in 33.7% of males and 44.7% of females. The percentage of fully independent in the six ADL items was 72.2% in men and 58.9% in women. In the social supportive system, 49.5% of the elderly were living with spouse, and 22.9% living alone, 26.3% having care giver. These results will provide basic data for the development of community-based health program, which gives appropriate health service for the elderly living in the community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2017

Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a potential bio-energy crop that has short life cycle about 90 days and contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is adequate to bio-diesel production. Enhancing environmental stress tolerance is a main issue to increase not only crop productivity but also big mass production. CsRCI2s (Rare Cold Inducible 2) are cold and salt stress related protein that localized at plasma membrane (PM) and assume to be membrane potential regulation factor. These proteins can be divide into C-terminal tail (CsRCI2D/E/F/G) or no-tail group (CsRCI2A/B/C/H). However, function of CsRCI2s are less understood. In this study, physiological responses and functional characterization of CsRCI2s of Camelina under salt stress were analyzed. Full-length CsRCI2s (A/B/E/F) and CsPIP2;1 sequences were confirmed from Camelina genome browser. Physiological investigations were carried out using one- or four-week-old Camelina under NaCl stress with dose and time dependent manner. Transcriptional changes of CsRCI2A/B/E/F and CsPIP2;1 were determined using qRT-PCR in one-week-old Camelina seedlings treated with NaCl. Translational changes of CsRCI2E and CsPIP2;1 were confirmed with western-blot using the antibodies. Water transport activity and membrane potential measurement were observed by cRNA injected Xenopus laevis oocyte. As results, root growth rate and physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and electrolyte leakage showed significant inhibition in 100 and 150 mM NaCl. Transcriptional level of CsPIP2;1 did not changed but CsRCI2s were significantly increased by NaCl concentration, however, no-tail type CsRCI2A and CsRCI2B increased earlier than tail type CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F. Translational changes of CsPIP2;1 was constitutively maintained under NaCl stress. But, accumulation of CsRCI2E significantly increased by NaCl stress. CsPIP2;1 and CsRCI2A/B/E/F co-expressed Xenopus laevis oocyte showed decreased water transport activity as 61.84, 60.30, 62.91 and 76.51 % at CsRCI2A, CsRCI2B, CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F co-expression when compare with single expression of CsPIP2;1, respectively. Moreover, oocyte membrane potential was significantly hyperpolarized by co-expression of CsRCI2s. However, higher hyperpolarized level was observed in tail-type CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F than others, especially, CsRCI2E showed highest level. It means transport of $Na^+$ ion into cell is negatively regulated by expression of CsRCI2s, and, function of C-terminal tail is might be related with $Na^+$ ion influx. In conclusion, accumulation of NaCl-induced CsRCI2 proteins are related with $Na^+$ ion exclusion and prevent water loss by CsPIP2;1 under NaCl stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Hangover after drinking is different from person to person symptoms and degree, but usually thirst, fatigue, headache, general boredom, gastrointestinal disorder, vomiting, diarrhea, deficiency of vitamin appears. This hanging phenomenon is caused by the action of precursors such as ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde, which are the by products of fermentation contained in alcohol and alcohol accumulated in hepatocytes and body. In order to solve the hangover phenomenon, the same Origin as polysaccharide Polydeoxyribonucleotide, which is a nucleic acid-sugar-phosphate complex, which is a semen or testicular extract in salmon extract, and a water soluble salmon extract powder having the same structure and lower price than Polydeoxyribonucleotide And D-Glucuronic acid and N-Acetyl glucosamine. It has excellent biocompatibility, viscoelasticity and moisturizing power. It has effect on reduction of body water loss and skin moisture content in hangover phenomenon. It is antioxidant and skin moisturizing effect Hyaluronic acid was irradiated with gamma rays, and the composition was prepared by using the salmon extract powder and the main raw material. The ethanol degradation, the acetaldehyde reduction amount, the blood acetaldehyde concentration and the acetic acid concentration were measured to evaluate the alcoholysis effect, Skin moisture evaporation rate To examine the evaluation unit water content of the skin was improved determine whether the antioxidant and provide skin moisturizing effect. The addition of ethanol extracts of salmon extracts showed a decrease of 5 to 7 times compared with no addition, and a decrease of 3 to 5 times of acetaldehyde. In addition, the change of acetaldehyde concentration and acetic acid concentration in blood showed a rapid decrease compared to the no - added control group. In addition, when the raw material of hyaluronic acid was used, skin moisture content was high and skin moisture evaporation amount was decreased. Therefore, hyaluronic acid, which is a polysaccharide polymer, has excellent viscoelasticity and moisturizing ability, It is considered to provide antioxidant and skin moisturizing effect. Therefore, it can be said that the composition containing salmon extract powder and hyaluronic acid as a main ingredient is effective for the hangover phenomenon which occurs after drinking.