• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2016

Purpose: To provide the public with nutritional information on consumption types of garlic, we evaluated the influence of heat treatment method on the nutritional contents of different species of garlic. Methods: We determined the content of general components, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids in each species of garlic produced in Seosan and Goheung by heating with blanching or microwave roasting. Results: The results of the two-way analysis of variance test indicated that the species in particular, as well as method of heat treatment and interaction, had an influence on nutritional content. The moisture and crude fat content was higher in Southern type garlic than in Northern type garlic, while crude proteins, crude ash, and dietary fibers were more abundant in Northern type garlic than in Southern type garlic. With regard to the total mineral content, K, P, Mg, and Ca were the main components in Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Moreover, unsaturated fatty acids showed high levels in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic, with more abundant linoleic acid. Overall, Northern type garlic showed a higher content of minerals and fatty acids, while more vitamin B was present in Southern type garlic. In addition, the results indicated that the content of general components (dietary fiber excluded) was increased in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic upon heat treatment. Blanching resulted in increased mineral and fatty acid content in Southern type garlic and decreased content in Northern type garlic, indicative of species differences; conversely, microwave roasting contributed to an increase in the content in both Northern type garlic and Southern type garlic. Conclusion: The nutritional content of garlic is more dependent on species than the cooking method, and grilling is associated with less nutrient loss than blanching.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 브라질 서부의 Mato Grosso do Sul 주의 위치하는 장가다. 쟈마이카 두 개의 농장에 유칼리나무 인공조림블록단지를 위한 식재계획을 세워 보았다. 우선 위성사진을 분석하고 GIS에 의해서 현상태대로의 토지이용구분 및 산림식생구분을 하였고 이것을 기초로 하여 조림가능 지역을 계산하였다. 그리고 농장주인의 요구에 따라 조림가능지역에 대한 식재계획을 3차년도까지 수립하였다. 두 개의 농장 총면적은 5,301ha이며 조림가능면적은 3,913ha로서 전체면적의 74%에 해당하는 것으로 추정되었다. 그리고 나머지 26%에 해당하는 1,388ha의 면적은 산림법상 영구보존시켜야 할 산림식생 면적으로 추정되었다. 토양손실을 최소화하기 위해서 등고선에 따라 구획한 조림블록은 1년차에 27개 블록으로 총 1,308.8ha에 이르고, 2년차에도 27개 블록에 1,327.4ha, 그리고 3년차에는 30개 블록에 1,276.5ha의 면적으로 구획되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1873-1881
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• 2019

Objective: Information regarding the vitamin content of silage is limited. This study investigated the changes in the vitamin content of alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages with or without a lactic acid bacterial inoculant. Methods: Alfalfa at the early flowering stage and Chinese leymus at the full-bloom stage were harvested. The treatments for each forage type were control (deionized water only) and $1{\times}10^6$ colony-forming units Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)/g fresh matter. After 45 days of ensiling, all silages were sampled for evaluating the vitamin content, fermentation quality and chemical composition. Results: The LP inoculant decreased the pH value and ammonia nitrogen content of the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages and significantly (p<0.05) increased the lactic acid, acetic acid concentrations and Flieg's points. Prior to ensiling, the levels of five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in alfalfa were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those in Chinese leymus. Ensiling decreased the levels of the five B-group vitamins in both alfalfa and Chinese leymus while increasing the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus. The thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in the LP-treated silage were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the untreated silage for the alfalfa and Chinese leymus. The ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content in the LP-treated alfalfa silage was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in the untreated alfalfa silage. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pyridoxine content between the untreated and LP-treated silages for both forages. Conclusion: With or without LP inoculation, the levels of the five B-group vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, and pyridoxine) in alfalfa and Chinese leymus decreased after 45 days of ensiling, while the ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content of Chinese leymus increased. The LP inoculant improved the fermentation quality of both the alfalfa and Chinese leymus silages but increased the thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid loss in the two forages after fermentation.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 안테나의 소형화, 이득 및 방사패턴을 개선한 초고속 통신망 시스템을 효과적으로 사용하기 위해 3.3 [GHz], 5 [GHz] 대역에서 동작하는 WLAN/UWB 통신용 안테나를 설계 및 제작을 하였다. 대역폭의 개선을 위해 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나를 선택하였고 각 단계마다 이론적인 근거에 의한 수식을 이용하여 슬롯의 폭, 길이, 전송선로의 폭 등을 계산하였다. 설계된 안테나의 시뮬레이션 결과 반사손실이 3.3 [GHz]에서 -14.053 [dB]이고 5 [GHz]에서 -13.118 [dB]의 값을 보여주었다. 이득은 3.3 [GHz]에서 2.479 [dBi]의 값과 5[GHz]에서 3.317[dBi]의 수치를 보여주었다. 또한 3D 설계가 가능한 CST Microwave Studio 2014 프로그램을 이용하여 최적화 한 후, 이를 바탕으로 제작한 안테나의 특성을 측정하여 성능을 확인하는 방법으로 연구를 진행하였다. 최근 다양하고 발전이 계속 이루어지고 있는 무선 기술인 WLAN과 해당 기술 이용자의 수요 증가에 따른 기술의 주파수 대역도 역시 증가하고 있는 추세의 통신 기술인 UWB을 초고속 무선 통신 시스템으로 사용하는 데 있어 불편함 없도록 해당 이용자를 위한 원활한 통신이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.851-858
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• 2021

재생에너지 및 분산자원의 증가로 에너지신산업에서는 전통적인 데이터뿐만 아니라 다양한 에너지 관련 데이터들이 생성되고 있다. 즉 다양한 재생에너지 설비와 발전 데이터, 계통 운영 데이터, 계량 및 요금 관련 데이터뿐만 아니라 새로운 서비스와 분석을 위해 필요한 기상 및 에너지 효율화 데이터 등이 있다. 에너지 빅데이터 처리 기술은 분산자원, 계통, AMI(: Advanced Metering Infrastructure)를 포함한 전력 생산·소비 인프라의 전반기에서 발생하는 데이터를 체계적으로 분석 ·진단할 수 있다. 이를 통해 ICT(: Information and Communications Technology)산업과 에너지 산업 간 융복합의 새로운 비즈니스 창출을 지원하는 기술이 될 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해서 수집된 데이터의 항목별 특성 분석 및 연관관계 표본 추출과 각 특징들의 범주화 및 요소 정의 등 데이터 분석 시스템에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 데이터의 손실 및 이상 상태 처리를 위한 데이터 정제 기술에 대한 연구가 이루어져야 한다. 그리고 에너지 데이터를 실시간으로 저장 및 관리할 수 있도록 Apache NIFI, Spark, HDFS(: Hadoop Distributed File System)에 대한 개발 및 구축이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 다양한 전력거래를 위한 전반적인 에너지 데이터 처리 기술과 시스템를 제안하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.92-107
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper analyzes the relationship between trade facilitation and agricultural products exports and estimates the effects of trade facilitation in importing countries on Chinese agricultural products exports, which is of great significance for promoting agricultural trade between China,Japan and Korea and the governments of the three countries to formulate targeted trade facilitation policies. Design/methodology - Based on Wilson (2003) theoretical framework, this paper sets up its own trade facilitation level measurement system by involving four primary indicators and fifteen secondary indicators to evaluate the trade facilitation levels of Japan and Korea from 2011 to 2018 respectively. The paper selected the data on China's agricultural exports at the HS4 level from 2011-2018 and used a fixed-effects model to estimate the effect of changes in trade facilitation levels in trading partner countries on China's agricultural trade. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the level of trade facilitation in importing countries has a significantly positive effect on China's agricultural exports. The higher the level of trade facilitation in trading partner countries, the more Chinese agricultural exports trade, i.e. for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of trade facilitation, the volume of exports will increase by 2.299%.The sub-sample test shows that China's main agricultural products exported to Japan and Korea, such as aquatic products, vegetables, fruits and other perishable fresh products, are particularly significantly affected by the level of trade facilitation. Originality/value - First, from the innovation of the research perspective, which is different from the analysis of the existing paper on the overall trade facilitation of all traded commodities. This article is based on the close trade relations between China, Japan and Korea, and the particularity of agricultural products, from the perspective of China's agricultural exports to Japan and Korea, discuss the impact of importing countries-Japan and Korea's trade facilitation levels on China's agricultural exports;Secondly, in this paper, the hierarchical data of the HS4 quartile is used to avoid the information loss of the industry, and to analyse the impact of the importing country's trade facilitation level on the export of different types of agricultural products more scientifically.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2019

Background: This study was conducted to verify the effectiveness and effectiveness-related factors of Korean medicine (KM) treatment for patients who have been involved in traffic accidents (TA). Methods: The medical records of 150 TA patients hospitalized in Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Medicine Hospital from September 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed. Medical records included information on patient demographic characteristics, TA situations, use of KM treatment, clinical characteristics, 4 scales [numeric rating scale (NRS), visual analogue scale (VAS), EuroQol-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and neck disability index (NDI)]. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness-related factors of treatment. Results: The 150 patients (almost 1:1 gender ratio) were typically in their 40's (26.67%), had rear impact to their vehicle (37.33%), were in the driver's seat (70.00%), and without head trauma and loss of consciousness (83.33%). The main symptoms were neck pain (60.66%) and lower back pain (54.00%). All 150 patients showed significant improvement after KM treatment. 4 scales significantly improved when the treatment started within 3 days from the accident and patients were hospitalized longer and took more diverse treatments. The patients experiencing a higher initial pain level (NRS 8-10, $VAS{\geq}70$) showed significant improvement of NRS and VAS scores with faster and longer inpatient treatments than the other patients. The patients with higher initial pain levels ($VAS{\geq}70$) also showed significant improvement in EQ-VAS scores. Conclusion: KM treatment was effective for TA patients in this study. Treatment initiation time, hospitalization period, treatment diversity and initial pain level are related to the degree of improvement of a patient's symptoms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

Objective: At least eight local duck breeds have been recognized and documented as national germplasm of Indonesia so far. It is necessary to genetically characterize the local duck breeds for aiding conservation and future improvement strategies. Thus, this study was carried out to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of eight local duck populations of Indonesia using microsatellite markers. Methods: In total, 240 individuals (30 individuals each population) from Alabio (AL), Bayang (BY), Magelang (MG), Mojosari (MJ), Pegagan (PG), Pitalah (PT), Rambon (RM), and Turi (TR) duck populations were genotyped using 22 microsatellite markers. Results: The results showed a moderate level of genetic diversity among populations, with a total of 153 alleles detected over all loci and populations, ranging from 3 to 22 alleles per locus. Observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He), as well as polymorphism information content over all loci and populations were 0.440, 0.566, and 0.513, respectively. Heterozygote deficiency in the overall populations ($F_{IT}=0.237$), was partly due to the heterozygote deficiency within populations ($F_{IS}=0.114$) and moderate level of genetic differentiation among populations ($F_{ST}=0.137$). The most diverse population was MG (He = 0.545) and the least diverse population was AL (He = 0.368). The majority of populations were relatively in heterozygote deficiency (except AL), due to inbreeding. The genetic distances, phylogenetic trees, and principal coordinates analysis concluded that the populations can be grouped into two major clusters, resulting AL, MG, and MJ in one cluster separated from the remaining populations. Conclusion: The present study revealed a considerable genetic diversity of studied populations and thus, proper management strategies should be applied to preserve genetic diversity and prevent loss of alleles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.574-582
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• 2018

철도, 자동차, 항공 등의 시스템에서는 시스템의 고장이 사고로 이어져 심각한 인명피해와 경제적 손실로 직결되는 경우가 많기 때문에 시스템 안전의 확보가 매우 중요하다. 기존 연구들에서는 구성품 수준의 정보를 활용해서 고장 분석 및 안전조치를 도출하고 이를 통해 고장이 발생했을 때 피해를 경감시키기 위한 안전설계가 주로 수행되었다. 그러나 기능안전 개념에 의한 설계는 위험원 식별 및 평가 그리고 안전기능을 생성한 후 안전 설계를 통해 안전 목표를 달성하고자 하는 것이다. 따라서 시스템의 기능수준에서 고장의 현재 빈도를 수용 가능한 목표수준으로 빈도를 낮출 수 있는 안전기능을 결정하고 이를 설계에 반영하기 위한 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 이를 달성하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 먼저 시스템모델링 언어인 SysML을 활용하여 안전기능 들에 대해 고장빈도를 반영하기 위한 고장 모델링 방법을 연구하였다. 그리고 나서 생성된 SysML 고장모델 대안들의 시뮬레이션을 통해 각 안전기능 들이 달성할 수 있는 고장빈도의 감축능력을 평가해서 안전목표를 충족하는 대안을 결정하는 방법을 제시하였다. 사례 연구로서 대표적인 안전중시 시스템인 철도신호시스템에 적용하여 유용성을 확인하였다. 철도신호시스템의 안전기능 형태의 설계 대안들에 대해 안전 목표를 충족하는 지를 M&S를 통해 비교평가 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 시스템의 개념설계 단계에서부터 적용 가능한 방법으로 안전기능을 수행하기 위한 다양한 설계대안 들 중에서 적절한 것을 선택함으로써 안전 목표를 충족하는 시스템의 안전 설계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.336-343
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• 2019

Background Sternal rigid plate fixation (RPF) has been adopted in recent years in high-risk cases to reduce complications associated with steel wire cerclage, the traditional approach to sternal closure. While sternal RPF has been associated with lower complication rates than wire cerclage, it has its own complication profile that requires evaluation, necessitating a critical examination from a national perspective. This study will report the outcomes and associated risk factors of sternal RPF using a national database. Methods Patients undergoing sternal RPF from 2005 to 2016 in the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were identified. Demographics, perioperative information, and complication rates were reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative complications. Results There were 381 patient cases of RPF identified. The most common complications included bleeding (28.9%), mechanical ventilation >48 hours (16.5%), and reoperation/readmission (15.2%). Top risk factors for complications included dyspnea (odds ratio [OR], 2.672; P<0.001), nonelective procedure (OR, 2.164; P=0.010), congestive heart failure (OR, 2.152; P=0.048), open wound (OR, 1.977; P=0.024), and operating time (OR, 1.005; P<0.001). Conclusions Sternal RPF is associated with increased rates of three primary complications: blood loss requiring transfusion, ventilation >48 hours, and reoperation/readmission, each of which affected over 15% of the study population. Smokers remain at an increased risk for surgical site infection and sternal dehiscence despite RPF's purported benefit to minimize these outcomes. Complications of primary versus delayed sternal RPF are roughly equivalent, but individual patients may perform better with one versus the other based on identified risk factors.