• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to collect fundamental data for weight control education based on obesity, weight control practices and body image in female college students. Those surveyed were 364 female college students attending universities in Seoul, Kyoung-Gi and Chung Cheung Buk Do. The data were collected from June 1, 1999 to September 10, 1999. The resulting data are as follows: 1. The mean BMI of the female college students was 19.78:t1.87kg/$\textrm{m}^2$, which comes within the range of normal weight. Underweight, normal weight and overweight students were respectively 27.2%, 66.8% and 5.5%. As many as 7.1% of the underweight students and 42.8% of the normal weight students described themselves as being "fatty". 2. Of these subjects, 83.5% reported wanting to lose weight, and the primary reason of weight control was to improve their appearance. The mean weight that they wanted to lose was 5.2$\pm$2.7kg, and 68.7% of the respondents had tried to lose weight. Among them, the most frequently reported weight control behavior was dieting followed by exercise, 30% reported fasting, 3.6% reported using drugs, 4.4% reported smoking and 3.6% reported vomiting. As to the weight loss effect, 96.7% of the subjects used behavior modification, 82.5% of the students exercised, and 76.1% of the dieters reported they had lost weight. 3. As to body image, many female college students were dissatisfied with their body figures, especially thighs(70.3%), hips(60.4%), abdomens(60.2%), and weight(55.2%). The body image of the students that perceived themselves as "fatty" was the lowest. 4. There were significant differences in the mean weight that they wanted to lose and the weight control attempts according to weight perception. Those that perceived themselves as "fatty" wanted to lose more weight, and had more weight control experiences. In conclusion, attempts at weight control are common in the female college students and many students appear to be dissatisfied with their body shapes. It is important to educate about healthy weight control methods and raise their awareness of the positive body image.ss of the positive body image.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to evaluate the operator performance relating to hand switches with two or three buttons in the main control rooms of nuclear power plants. Based on the comparative analysis of the nuclear power plants, two different subjective workload-rating scales were used to evaluate the performance of 48 operators: the Overall Workload(OW) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX). The survey questions consisting of the eight-items were asked to evaluate the operating experiences for the two different switch types. The OW scales ratings were applied to measure the workload of the switch-related tasks. The ratings revealed that signal detection tasks caused less workload in the three-buttoned-switch operators than the other switch group. However, in the switch operation tasks, the switch types did not show statistically significant effects on workload level. The NASA TLX scale ratings were performed based on detailed task scenarios that assumed the accident of small break loss of coolant, what we call, the small LOCH. The NASA TLX was administered to three different task groups: the reactor, the turbine, and the electric operator groups. Based on the NASA TLX, the two-buttoned switch groups showed higher workload than those with the three-buttoned switches. However, a statistically significant difference was found only in the reactor operator groups. When the current switch type was assumed to be changed for the other type, all of the three-buttoned switch groups were predicted to have higher workload than the other switch groups, respectively. The implications of these findings were discussed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2014

Objective : This study analyzed clinical and radiological outcomes of a zero-profile anchored spacer (Zero-P) and conventional cage-plate (CCP) for single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to compare the incidence and difference of postoperative dysphagia with both devices. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed our experiences of single level ACDF with the CCP and Zero-P. From January 2011 to December 2013, 48 patients who had single level herniated intervertebral disc were operated on using ACDF, with CCP in 27 patients and Zero-P in 21 patients. Patients who received more than double-level ACDF or combined circumferential fusion were excluded. Age, operation time, estimated blood loss (EBL), pre-operative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores, post-operative mJOA scores, achieved mJOA scores and recovery rate of mJOA scores were assessed. Prevertebral soft tissue thickness and postoperative dysphagia were analyzed on the day of surgery, and 2 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Results : The Zero-P group showed same or favorable clinical and radiological outcomes compared with the CCP group. Postoperative dysphagia was significantly low in the Zero-P group. Conclusions : Application of Zero-P may achieve favorable outcomes and reduce postoperative dysphagia in single level ACDF.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2013

Objective : The authors reviewed their experiences of combined surgery (open door laminoplasty with unilateral screw fixation) for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis, to clarify the situation regarding the surgical approach most appropriate for the treatment of diffuse unstable multi-level cervical stenosis. Methods : From January 2011 to January 2012, combined surgery was performed for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis by one surgeon at our institution. The subjects of this study were 6 men of mean age 53.7 years (range, 48-71) with a mean follow-up of 9.3 (range, 3-14) months. All imaging studies showed severe multi-level cervical stenosis with spinal cord signal change, and instability or kyphotic deformity. A retrospective review of clinical, radiological, and surgical data was conducted. Results : Average laminoplasty level was 4.8 and the average screw fixation level was 5.0. Japanese Orthopedic Association score improved from an average of 5.2 to 11.2 points. According to Nurick's grades and Odom's criteria, symptom improvement was statistically significant. On the other hand, Cobb's angle changes were not significant. Average operation time was 5.86 hours with an average blood loss of 460 mL. No significant surgical complication was encountered. Conclusion : Despite the small cohort and the short follow-up duration, the present study demonstrates that laminoplasty with unilateral screw fixation is a safe and effective treatment for unstable multi-level cervical stenosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2005

Skull base tumors have been determined inoperable because it is difficult to accurately diagnose the extent of the involvement and to approach and excise the tumor safely. However, recently, the advent of sophisticated diagnostic tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as the craniofacial and neurosurgical advanced techniques enabled an accurate determination of operative plans and safe approach for tumor excision. Resection of these tumors may sometimes result in massive and complex extirpation defects that are not amenable to local tissue closure. The purpose of this study is to analyze experiences of skull base reconstruction and to evaluate long term survival rate and complications. All cranial base reconstructions performed from July 1993 to September 2000 at Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Seoul National University Hospital were observed. The medical records were reviewed and analysed to assess the location of defects, reconstruction method, existence of the dural repair, history of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, complications and causes of death of the expired patients. There were 12 cases in region II, 8 cases in region I and 1 case in region III according to the Irish classification of skull base. Cranioplasty was performed in 4 patients with a bone graft and microvascular free tissue transfer was selected in 17 patients to reconstruct the cranial base and/or mid-facial defects. Among them, 11 cases were reconstructed with a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous free flap, 2 with a latissimus dorsi muscluocutaneous free flap, 1 with a fibular osteocutaneous free flap, 2 with a scapular osteocutaneous free flap, and 1 with a forearm fasciocutaneous free flap, respectively. During over 3 years follow-up, 5 patients were expired and 8 lesions were relapsed. Infection(3 cases) and partial flap loss(2 cases) were the main complications and multiorgan failure(3 cases) by cancer metastasis and sepsis(2 cases) were causes of death. Statistically 4-years survival rate was 68%. A large complex defects were successfully reconstructed by one-stage operation and, the functional results were also satisfactory with acceptable survival rates.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-350
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• 2004

LNG 운반선은 항해중 외부로부터 다량의 열 침임으로 인해 많은 BOG가 발생하며 통상 이는 선박엔진의 연료로 사용된다. 화주의 입장에서 이러한 BOG의 발생과 소비는 화물의 손실을 의미하며, 따라서 선주와 화주 사이에는 BOR(boil off rate)에 대해 만선항해를 기준으로 0.15％／day 이하가 되도록 운송계약을 체결한다. LNG 운반선의 항해사관 입장에서는 자신이 승무하고 있는 선박의 BOR에 대한 정확한 지식을 바탕으로 선박을 운항할 필요가 있으나 실제로는 막연한 경험에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선체온도분포 및 외부로부터의 침입열량에 관한 정밀 열설계 기술을 토대로 본선의 해기사들이 보다 간편하게 BOG를 예측할 수 있는 간단한 모델을 제시하였다. 그리고 개발된 모델을 사용하여 연구대상 선박의 실제 기상조건을 토대로 만선 및 공선항해에 대하여 각각 BOR을 계산하였으며 이를 실측자료와 비교, 검토하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 BOG 예측방법은 현재 운항중인 LNGC에서 BOG를 관리하는 유용한 도구로 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2002

Recently, Skeletal Anchorage System (SAS) has been focused clinically with the view point that it could provide the absolute intraoral anchorage. First, it began to be used for the patient of orthognathic surgery who had difficulty in taking intermaxillary fixation due to multiple loss of teeth. And then, its uses have been extended to many cases, the control of bone segments after orthognathic surgery, stable anchorage in orthodontic treatment, and anchorage for temporary prosthesis and so on. SAS has been developed as dental implants technique has been developed and also called in several names; mini-screw anchorage, micro-screw anchorage, mini-implant anchorage, micro-implant anchorage (MIA), and orthosystem implant etc. Now many clinicians use SAS, but the anatomical knowledges for the installed depth of intraosseous screws are totally dependent on general experiences. So we try to study for the cortical thickness of maxilla and mandible in Korean adults without any pathologic conditions with the use of Computed Tomography at the representative sites for the screw installation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.345-350
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• 2018

Background The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) has remained a leading choice of many plastic surgeons as a fasciocutaneous flap due to its versatility, pedicle length, and simple elevation technique. However, donor site morbidity has led many reconstructive surgeons to limit their use of the RFFF and to use other flaps instead. We propose that using a narrow RFFF (nRFFF) decreases the aesthetic and functional morbidity of the donor site. Methods We report our experiences with the nRFFF from April 2012 through May 2015 at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. The donor defects were closed primarily. The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale and comparison with the contralateral hand were used to assess aesthetic and functional outcomes, respectively. Results A total of 24 patients underwent nRFFF procedures during the study period. The donor arm showed excellent motor function in 22 cases (91.7%), and very good function in the remaining two cases (8.3%). The aesthetic outcomes were excellent in four patients (16.6%), very good in eight patients (33.3%), good in 10 patients (41.6%), and fair in two patients (8.3%) who developed a hypertrophic scar. All flaps were successful and there were no cases of partial or complete loss. Conclusions For small to medium-sized soft tissue defects, the nRFFF had acceptable outcomes due to its thinness, pliability, and major reduction in donor site aesthetic and functional morbidity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2015

This study aims to clarify the psychosocial reactions of female patients with gynecological cancer undergoing chemotherapy and in the process of suffering from alopecia and to examine their nursing support. The target group comprised female patients who had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, were suffering from alopecia, and were aged 30-65. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, conducted from the time the patients were informed by their doctors that they might experience alopecia due to chemotherapy to the time they actually experienced alopecia and until they were able to accept the change. Inductive qualitative analysis was employed to close in on the subjective experiences of the cancer patients. The results showed the existence of six phases in the psychosocial reactions in the process of alopecia: phase one was the reaction after the doctor's explanation; phase two was the reaction when the hair starts to fall out; phase three was the reaction when the hair starts to intensely fall out; phase four was the reaction when the hair has completely fallen out; phase five was the reaction to behavior for coping with alopecia; and phase six was the reaction to change in interpersonal human relationships. The results also made it clear that there are five types of reaction patterns as follows: 1) treatment priority interpersonal relationship maintenance type; 2) alopecia agitated interpersonal relationship maintenance type; 3) alopecia agitated interpersonal relationship reduction type; 4) alopecia denial interpersonal relationship reduction type; and 5) alopecia denial treatment interruption type. It is important to find out which of the five types the patients belong to early during treatment and provide support so that nursing intervention that suits each individual can be practiced. The purpose of this study is to make clear the process in which patients receiving chemotherapy come to accept alopecia and to examine evidence-based nursing care on patients with strong mental distress from alopecia.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 정신질환자를 돌보는 가족의 오명 체험을 파악하고 기술하여 간호중재 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 연구 참여자는 정신질환자 가족으로 부모3명, 자녀1명, 형제1명이다. 자료수집기간은 2010년 6월부터 2010년 10월 까지였고, 참여자와의 심층 면담과 참여 관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 자료는 Giorgi가 제안한 현상학적 분석방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 원 자료에서 발췌된 의미기술은 217개였고, 이를 바탕으로 더욱 추상적이고 통합적인 언어로 묶어 26개의 주제를 도출하였으며 여기서 다시 7개의 중심의미를 도출하였다. 7개의 중심의미는 정신질환자 가족의 오명은 "적절하지 못한 대처, 주변인과의 관계상실, 드러낼 수 없는 자신, 주변간의 갈등, 감당할 수 없는 연민, 자신의 무능력, 자신의 책임전가"이다. 이러한 결과는 정신질환자를 돌보는 가족에 대한 오명을 파악함으로써 사회에서 분리되어야 하는 이들의 아픔을 이해하고 효율적 간호중재 개발에 과학적 근거 자료를 제공한다.