• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 2005

Purpose: Limitation of motion of the elbow joint due to stiffness affect on life quality of the patients. So contracture of the elbow should be treated as soon as possible. Among the many treatment modalities, we described the result of arthroscopic treatment. Materials and Methods: From Mar. 2000 to Mar. 2003, 40 patients, who received the arthroscopic treatment by author for contracted elbow, were the subjects. We estimated the range of motion (ROM) of elbow joint before and after surgery by goniometer. The clinical result was evaluated by Severance elbow scoring system. The final ROM was evaluated at the point of no further increasement of joint motion. Male ware 30 cases, female ware 7 cases, average 42.6 years old and mean follow up period were 31 months. During arthroscopic treatment we had done release of the joint capsule or resection, synovectomy, removal of loose bodies. We used traditional portals. Results: The avarage preoperative ROM of elbow joint was 72.5 degree(range, 5 - 132 degree) and the increasement of ROM was totally 49.3 degree in flexion 26.5 degree and extension 22.8 degree. There was no other complication. Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment for contracted elbow permit early joint ROM and it decrease the secondary injury to the elbow joint. Also there are few complications. It is thought to be a good treatment modality in contracted elbow joint.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2000

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon disease of cartilage transformation of synovial membrane with formation of loose bodies within the joint space. The knee and elbow are the most commonly involved sites and involvement of temporomandibular joint is very rare. Symtoms include swelling, pain, stiffness of the jaw, and inability to close the jaw. A case involving the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) is presented. A 28-year-old women had experienced pain of the left TMJ area and limitation of mouth opening. Radiographs of the left TMJ revealed calcified mass surrounding over the mandibular condyle and under the glenoid fossa. Treatment consisted of removal of calcified mass, reshaping of affected condyle and reconstruction with a auricular cartilage. After surgery, the patient's range of motion improved although deviation to the affected side. Until present after surgery there have been no recurrence of symtoms. We think that findings of this patitent agree with those of synovial synchondrmatosis in many aspects.

• 치과방사선
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.223-234
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of periodontal tissues in the irradiated mandibular bone in rats which were fed normal diet and low calcium diet In order to carry out this experiment, 64 seven-week old Sprague-Dawley strain rats weighing about 150gms were selected and equally divided into one experimental group of 32 rats and one control group with the remainder. The experimental group and the control group were then subdivided into two groups when the rats reached the age of 10 weeks, 16 rats were allotted for each subdivided group was composed of 16 rats and exposed to irradiation. The two groups were irradiated a single dose of 20Gy on the only jaw area and irradiated with a cobalt-60 teletherapy unit The rats in the control and experimental groups were serially dissected by fours on the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th, and the 21st day after irradiation. After each dissection, both sides of the dead rat mandibular bodies were removed and fixed with 10% neutral formalin. The specimens sectioned and observed in histopathological. histochemical. and immunocellular chemical methods. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the mandibles of rats with low calcium diet the increased number of fibroblasts of periodontal ligaments. many small capillaries and irregular arrangement of loose collagen fibers were detected and the partial resorption of dentin and cementum could be found by the microscopic studies. 2. In the group of irradiated rats, degenerated periodontal tissues led to the condition of irregular arrangement of collagen fibers and the decreased number of fibroblasts. But this condition was somewhat restored after 21 days of experiment. 3. Periodontal tissues of the irradiated rat group with low calcium diet were destroyed earlier than those of the irradiated rat group with normal diet. Soon this condition was restored and then high cellularity and dense collagen fibers were observed. 4. Many periodontal cells bearing tumor necrosis factor could be clearly observed in the nonirradiated group of rats with normal diet, whereas could not be observed on the 7th day and reappeared on 14th day in the irradiated group of rats with normal diet. A few of them could be observed in the group of rats with low calcium diet, but they could be clearly observed in the both groups after 21 days of experiment.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

목적 : 급성 족 관절 골절에서 족 관절경을 이용하여 관절내 잠재 손상의 관찰 및 발생을 예측하기 위한 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 50명의 전위가 심하지 않은 급성 족 관절 환자 50명을 대상으로 전향적인 방법으로, 족 관절경을 시행하여 관절내 각 부위에서의 잠재 손상의 종류를 조사하였으며, 족 관절 골절을 Lauge-Hansen, AO 및 골절의 해부학적 위치에 따라 분류하여 특정한 유형에서 잠재 손상의 빈도가 증가되는가를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 50례의 족 관절 골절 중 37례에서 잠재 손상이 관찰되었으며, 전위된 골편을 포함한 유리체가 25례에서 관찰되었고, 31례에서 다양한 종류의 연골 손상이 관찰되었다. 방사선 사진상 관찰되지 않는 잠재 골절이 3례에서, 전하 경비 인대의 경골 부착부에서의 견열 골편이 6례에서 각각 관찰되었다. 환자의 연령, 성별, 수상기전 및 족 관절 골절의 여러 유형과 잠재 손상 발생 빈도와의 연관성은 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 결론 : 단순 족 관절 골절에서 다양한 종류의 잠재 손상이 관찰되었으며, 족 관절경은 잠재 손상의 관찰뿐만 아니라 그 치료에도 매우 유용한 방법으로 사료되었으나, 족 관절 골절에서 잠재 손상의 발생을 정확히 예측하기는 어려웠다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2000

목적 : 족 관절의 내외측 구에 병변을 갖는 환자를 대상으로 병변의 양상 및 관절경 치료 후 그 임상적 결과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 총 366례의 족 관절경을 시행한 환자 중 족 관절 구에 병변을 갖고 있었던 76례(77 족관절)를 대상으로 하였으며, 족 관절 구의 병변은 비후성 반흔 조직, 유리체 및 골극으로 분류되었다. 병변은 관절경적 제거술이 가능하였으며, 이중 추시 관찰이 가능하였던 52명을 대상으로 치료의 결과를 판정하였으며, 추시 기간은 평균 44개월(2.9년-8.5년)이었다. 결과의 판정은 저자 등에 의한 방법으로 주관적 및 기능적인 평가를 하였으며, 각각의 지표에 대한 결과는 Wilcoxon rank sum method로 통계 처리하였다 결과 : 전체 족 관절경 중 족 관절 구에서 병변이 발견된 빈도는 $21\%$였다. 비후성 반흔 조직의 병변이 가장 많이 발견되었다 31례$(40\%)$에서 족 관절의 병변은 구에만 국한되어 있었으나, 46례$(60\%)$에서는 구 이외의 다른 부위에서도 병변이 동반되었다. 관절경적 치료후 통증, 부종, 강직, 파행 및 활동도에서 통계적으로 의의있는 호전을 보였다(p<0.001). 17례$(33\%)$는 고강도의 운동이 가능하였으며, 기능적으로도 이상이 없었다. 결론 : 족 관절 구는 만성 족 관절 통증에서 병변이 위치하는 중요한 부위로서, 족 관절경시 족 관절 구의 검사가 필수적이다 족 관절 구 증후군에 대한 관절경적 치료는 병변의 제거에 매우 유용하다고 사료된다.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2010

목적: 관절의 적절한 기능을 위해서는 관절의 안정성과 운동 범위의 유지가 필요하다. 주관절과 연관된 환자의 주소의 대부분이 주관절의 강직이다. 최근 보고들에서 주관적의 강직에 대한 치료에서 우수한 결과가 보고되고 있다. 그러나 어떠한 술식을 선택하여야 하는 것은 결정하기 어렵다. 대상 및 방법: Morrey 등은 기능적인 운동 범위를 30-130도의 굴곡-신전 범위, 50도 회내전 및 50도 회외전이라고 하였다. 이 범위에서 일상 생활의 약 90%가 이루어 진다. 주관절 강직은 원인이 되는 외상과 주 병변의 위치에 따라서 분류할 수 있다. 관절 내 원인으로는 심각한 관절 내 불일치, 관절 내 유착 또는 관절 내 연골의 소실, 골극 형성에 의한 기계적 제한, 관절 내 유리체, 활액막의 과다 증식이 해당된다. 관절 외 원인으로는 외상 또는 탈구에 의한 심한 관절막의 유착, 측부 인대 또는 근육의 구축이 해당된다. 결과 및 결론: 신전 제한의 주 원인은 전방 관절막의 섬유화에 의한 구축이다. 이러한 병변은 전방 관절막 절제술이 도움이 된다. 굴곡 제한의 주 원인은 내측부 인대의 후방대의 구축이다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.221-232
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• 1993

Morphological changes in the uterine and vaginal epithelial cells of the Korean native goats were studied in fifteen primiparous goats slaughtered on the day of parturition and on days 1, 3, 10 and 21 postpartum. 15 uterus and vagina from goats were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows : 1. Transmission electron microscopically, long microvilli which sometimes ramified were found until 10 days postpartum, while short microvilli were found at 21 days. The high electron dense irregular-shaped mitochondria were found in the cytoplasm and the crystalline structure of the mitochondrial matrix was also found from 1 day to 10 days postpartum. Well-developed rough-endoplasmic reticulum (rER) with dilated cisternae which contained the proteins materials was observed at 21 days postpartum. These materials were fused each other and then large granules were found in the free surface of the cytoplasm. A few lipid droplets were generally appeared in the cytoplasm, while numerous droplets were found at 21 days postpartum. A moderate number of ribosomes, a few multivesicular bodies, vesicles, lysosomes and macrophages were found. The globule leucocytes were observed from 0 to 3 days postpartum by transmission electron microscopy. The short microvilli, high electron dense cytoplasm and severe indentation of the nuclear enbelope were found in the vaginal epithelium. Numerouos small vesicles and a few vacuoles were observed in the apical cytoplasmic portion of the epithelium. A few mitochondria were high electron dense and irregular in shape. A moderate amounts of microfilaments, loose intercellular space and dilated rER were also found at 21 days postpartum. 2. Scanning electron microscopically, the folds of the uterine mucosa were generally deep. The long microvilli of the epithelium were found until 3 days postpartum, while short microvili were found at 10 and 21 days postpartum. The distinct intercellular boundary was seen. The apporcine secretory profile of the epithelium observed at between 3 and 10 days postpartum and the cells were somewhat protruded into the lumen. The short microvilli were found on the surface of the protruded cells, while polygonal microridge profile of the epithelium and some dome-shaped epithelium were also observed at 21 days postpartum. The folds of the vaginal mucosa were deep and epithelium was polygonal in shape. The microvilli of the epithelium were long until 3 days postpartum, while they were short at 10 and 21 days. The polygonal epithelium was invaginated into the center of the cell surface until 10 days postpartum. The microridge and dome in shape of the epithelium were found at 10 days postpartum, while the polygonal and exfoliating epithelium were observed at 21 days.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

목적: 외상력이 없는 주관절에서 척골 근위부 활차 내측 관절면 골극의 크기가 주관절 굴곡에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 주관절부 컴퓨터 단층촬영을 시행한 외상력이 없는 환자 25예를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 컴퓨터 단층촬영상 구상돌기 및 구상와, 주두 돌기 및 주두와 골극의 유무와 크기를 측정하였고, 그리고 활차 내측 관절면의 골극의 높이와 길이를 측정하였다. 결과: 주관절 굴곡 구축은 평균 $18.6^{\circ}$, 후속 굴곡은 평균 $112.1^{\circ}$ 였다. 활차 내측 관절면 골극의 높이는 평균 2.2 mm, 길이는 평균 4.7 mm이었다. 후속 굴곡 각도는 구상 돌기나 구상와에 골극 또는 유리체가 있었던 경우(n=14)가 $105.1^{\circ}$, 없었던 경우(n=11)가 $119.1^{\circ}$ (p=0.011)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 후속 굴곡 각도와 활차 내측 관절면 골극의 평균 길이와의 편상관계수는 0.687 (p<0.000)이었다. 결론: 활차 내측 관절면 골극의 길이가 긴 주관절에서 후속 굴곡 각도가 줄어들었다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The use of materials for modern lightweight auto-bodies is becoming more complex than hitherto assemblies. The high strength materials nowadays frequently used for more specific fields such as the front and rear sub frames, seat belts and seats are mounted to the assembled body structure using bolt joints. It is desirable to use nuts attached to the assembled sheets by projection welding to decrease the number of loose parts which improves the quality. In this study, nut projection welding was carried out between a nut of both boron steel and carbon steel and ultra-high strength hot-stamped steel sheets. Then, the joints were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscope. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by microhardness measurements and pullout tests. An indigenously designed sample fixture set-up was used for the pull-out tests to induce a tensile load in the weld. The fractography analysis revealed the dominant interfacial fracture between boron steel nut weld which is related to the shrinkage cavity and small size fusion zone. A non-interfacial fracture was observed in carbon steel nut weld, the lower hardness of HAZ caused the initiation of failure and allowed the pull-out failure which have higher in tensile strengths and superior weldability. Hence, the fracture load and failure mode characteristics can be considered as an indication of the weldability of materials in nut projection welding.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.423-435
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of TGF-βl, which promotes differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts, on bone regeneration. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibles of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burs. In one side of mandibular body, the experimental groups, bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A) and TGF-β1(R&D System Co., U.SA). In the remaining side of the mandiblar body, the control groups, bone defects were grafted with only Biogran. Guinea pigs in the control and experimental groups were serially terminated by fours on the 3 days, the 1 week, the 2 weeks, the 3 weeks, and the 4 weeks after experiment, and both sides of the mandibular bodies were removed and fixed with 10％ neutral formalin. They were decalcified and embedded in paraffin as using the usual method. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Also, they were radiographed with a soft X -ray apparatus. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Hemorrhagic condition, observed in the granulation tissues, disappeared on the 1 week after experiment in both groups, and more prominent in the experimental group. The granulation tissues of the experimental group had larger number of cells than those of the control group. 2. Osteoblastic differentiation in the margin of grafted material and adjacent bone was observed on the 1 week after experiment in both groups. Also, bone formation was observed in immature form on the 1 week after experiment. and more prominent in the experimental group. 3. In the polarizing microscopic examination, bone matrix was very loose on the 1 week after experiment, but increase in density with time, and more prominent in the experimental group. 4. In the microradiographic examination, newly formed bone was observed in the experimental group on the 2 weeks after experiment, and this was observed earlier than in the control group. Newly formed bone was increased with time and defected area was markedly decreased on the 4 weeks after experiment.