• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.826-836
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• 2002

We need an enormous amount of memories for name spaces as well as additional processors if we are to effectively exploit a massively parallelism in nested loops of functional languages such as Id. If there is no sufficient amount of memories enough to exploit that parallelism, the execution of programs can be aborted during the unfolding of loops. Additionally, if loops are overunfolded, compared with the number of processors available, the system performance can be degraded severely due to the overhead of loop unfolding. This paper suggests and analyzes an algorithm which can be used to effectively unfold nested loops of functional languages on multithreaded architectures. This algorithm has a feature to unfold a given nested loop safely and near optimally, considering the system resources of processors and memories available when the loop is to be unfolded.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.498-507
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• 2002

A gene that encodes a thermostable protease, coined thermicin, has been isolated from Thermoanaerobacter yonseiensis that is expressed and characterized in E. coli.. In order to elucidate the molecular characteristics on thermostability of the enzyme, molecular modeling and mutagenesis technology were applied. In the modeling structure, the structural core, including the active site, was well conserved; whereas, the two loop regions were unique when compared to thermitase. The mutant enzyme with the small loop deleted (D190-I196), based on modeling structural information, showed identical enzyme activity. However, when the large loop was deleted (P233-P244), a little lower $K_m$ and even a lower kcat was found. This indicates that the large loop could influence catalytic activity. However, the unfolding temperature ($T_m$), which was determined by a differential-scanning calorimetry for the mutant enzyme deleted the small loop, was $96^{\circ}C$. This is $14^{\circ}C$ lower than that for the parent thermicin. These results suggest that the small loop may play a role in maintaining the proper folding of the enzyme at high temperatures, whereas the large loop might be related to catalysis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2016

A pattern-switchable origami antenna is designed with paper using inkjet-printing technology. The proposed antenna can be switched between loop and dipole antenna modes by folding and unfolding the paper, respectively. The proposed antenna is designed for the resonant frequencies of both modes to be 1.85 GHz. Eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal is introduced in order to avoid cracks in the conductive ink when the paper is folded. The performance of the proposed antenna is demonstrated through simulation and measurement results and antenna gain of dipole-mode and loop-mode are -4 dBi and -5 dBi, respectively. Also, the nulls of both dipole and loop modes compensate nulls from each mode.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.185-213
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• 2012

Charles Stankievech's 2011 installation LOVELAND includes a wall-sized screen depicting video footage of a barren arctic landscape in an enclosed room, painted and bathed in white light, that appears as an extension of the imaged environment. A melodic and industrial musical score emanates from multiple sound panels and as the music increases a cloud of purple smoke becomes visible on the horizon line in the distance and gradually advances toward the viewer until it completely fills the screen. The smoke then remains, rushing about madly and lapping at the border between the screen and the room before it suddenly subsides and the spectator is again left with the desolate landscape. The entire process takes a mere five minutes and then, fixed on an endless loop, begins again. This paper positions LOVELAND as an attempt to simulate a sublime experience of the end of the world through a transposition of the Arctic atmosphere into the gallery space. Encompassing a discussion of the historical and contemporary significance of the Arctic in popular culture, aesthetics and environmental politics, it is suggested that Stankievech employs an apocalyptic trope in reference to the unstable position of the North in the current political and ecological climate. Revisiting critiques of modernist exhibition practices and investigating the perceptual and temporal dimensions of the work, this analysis focuses primarily on the experience of the installation's spectator. Visually, aurally and phenomenologically immersed, the viewer is made subject to, and implicated in, the events unfolding on the screen and within the space. Due to the looping of the video footage, this paper argues that the apocalypse imaged in LOVELAND is presented as an endless event - incessantly enacted, yet infinitely deferred - and that the spectator is enveloped in an uncertain and unceasingly extended present moment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2007

The novel $\alpha$-amylase purified from locally isolated strain, Bacillus sp. KR-8104, (KRA) (Enzyme Microb Technol; 2005; 36: 666-671) is active in a wide range of pH. The enzyme maximum activity is at pH 4.0 and it retains 90% of activity at pH 3.5. The irreversible thermoinactivation patterns of KRA and the enzyme activity are not changed in the presence and absence of $Ca^{2+}$ and EDTA. Therefore, KRA acts as a $Ca^{2+}$-independent enzyme. Based on circular dichroism (CD) data from thermal unfolding of the enzyme recorded at 222 nm, addition of $Ca^{2+}$ and EDTA similar to its irreversible thermoinactivation, does not influence the thermal denaturation of the enzyme and its Tm. The amino acid sequence of KRA was obtained from the nucleotide sequencing of PCR products of encoding gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme revealed a very high sequence homology to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BAA) (85% identity, 90% similarity) and Bacillus licheniformis $\alpha$-amylases (BLA) (81% identity, 88% similarity). To elucidate and understand these characteristics of the $\alpha$-amylase, a model of 3D structure of KRA was constructed using the crystal structure of the mutant of BLA as the platform and refined with a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation program. Interestingly enough, there is only one amino acid substitution for KRA in comparison with BLA and BAA in the region involved in the calcium-binding sites. On the other hand, there are many amino acid differences between BLA and KRA at the interface of A and B domains and around the metal triad and active site area. These alterations could have a role in stabilizing the native structure of the loop in the active site cleft and maintenance and stabilization of the putative metal triad-binding site. The amino acid differences at the active site cleft and around the catalytic residues might affect their pKa values and consequently shift its pH profile. In addition, the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of the enzyme at 350 nm does not show considerable change at pH 3.5-7.0.