• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2003

A 34-year-old man with ACL total rupture due to slip down injury, had received ACL reconstruction using autogenous hamstrings tendon with cross-pin femoral fixation. Postoperative course was as usual. But postoperative 3 months later, he complained posterolateral knee pain, recurrent effusion and mild instability. He was managed repeatitive aspiration and nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs but was failed to relieve symptoms & signs. In CT scans, perforation of posteromedial femoral cortex of lateral femoral condyle was found. In second look arthroscopy, two pieces of broken femoral cross pin were found in between tibiofemoral Joint which was badly injured cartilage. We considered malposition of pins was the main cause of failure. We propose that femoral tunnel must be made more acute angle and femoral cross-pin guide must be positioned more external rotation 10-20 degree than transepicondylar axis made confirm the cross-pin tunnel position in order to avoid posterior cortex perforation and early failure.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.141-152
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• 2015

If we look into genre movie, we can see that almost similar forms are repeated in a movie. Such similar elements are largely divided into three units from a mass of story to a very small camera angle. Those can be explained as Formula, Convention, and Iconography. Among those three, convention means custom and it is a structure or an incident in which one story can be divided into second one. Convention is an incident visualized in individual genre, and a movie director tunes audiences through the incident. The director leads a familiar story but all of a sudden, he transforms the familiar scene to a new story. As a product established from the beginning of movie history, movie convention helps communication between audiences and a director. Audiences familiarize themselves with movie convention through repeated activities of watching movies, and the director utilizes it to provide audiences with familiarity. Director Bong Joon-ho not only tunes audiences through traditional convention but also creates a new art work through transformation of convention. A study is conducted on how he used traditional convention and transformation to get a new idea and to engage in his work through his work .

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.161-172
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to take a look at what are research autonomy's factors of the government-supported research institutes with a new angle and how these factors influence on organizational effectiveness at the same time. ultimately, this research will suggest what government should guarantee and support researcher of the government-supported research institutes. In the groundwork, this research divides the level of research autonomy individual and organizational level, and divides the type of research autonomy intrinsic and extrinsic autonomy and also organizational commitment, and measure job satisfaction for organizational effectiveness. consequently, intrinsic autonomy which is associated with 'selection of research project', 'freely and lively traffic in ideas', 'choice of research methodology', 'utilization of research's result' is much more important than extrinsic autonomy for researchers to improve organizational effectiveness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between eye movement and auditory function through the effects of eye lateralization on transient evoked otoacoustic emissions of auditory function. Methods : 25 subjects with complete set of ears were used in this study, which composed of 12 males and 13 females with pure tone threshold of below 25 dB without otolaryngology were evaluated. Each of the patient has a visual acuity of greater than 1.0 after correction, and has no problems with eye disease, eye movement, and human parallel system. In a dark silent room, the subjects sat on a chair with their heads fixed on a headrest. The tests were performed by asking the patients to look at a fixed red light dot on a light bar in front of them. This light was directed to the front, right and left sides of the subject at an angle of 40 ° In the presence of the stimulus sound in the ipsilateral ear, the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions of the ipsilateral ear was measured at the straight, right and left fixation. In order to evaluate the transient evoked otoacoustic emissions through the efferent auditory pathway, the transient evoked otoacoustic emission values of the contralateral ear were measured at the straight, right and left fixation. These measurements were taken at frequencies of 1 kHz, 1.4 kHz, 2.0 kHz, 2.8 kHz and 4 kHz, respectively. Results : Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions caused by lateral movement of the eye showed significant changes at 1.4 KHz and 2 KHz of the afferent pathway of the ipsilateral ear. Also, significant changes were observed at 1.4 KHz and 4 KHz of the efferent pathway of the contralateral ear. Conclusion : These results indicated that there is a close relationship between eye movement and auditory cochlea. In the future, further studies considering more diverse subjects and age groups will be needed.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 1999

In this study, we have estimated lineaments in the Euiseong area, Kyungbuk Province, from Landsat TM by applying the algorithm developed by Kim and Won et al. which can effectively reduce the look direction bias associated with the Sun's azimuth angle. Fratures over the study area were also mapped in the field at 57 selected sites to compare them with the results from the satellite image. The trends of lineaments estimated from the Landsat TM images are characterized as $N50^{\circ}$~70W, NS~$N10^{\circ}$W, and $N10^{\circ}$~$60^{\circ}$E trends. The spatial distribution of lineaments is also studied using a circular grid, and the results show that the area can be divided into two domains : domain A in which NS~$N20^{\circ}$E direction is dominant, and domain B in which west-north-west direction is prominent. The trends of lineaments can also be classified into seven groups. Among them, only C, D and G trends are found to be dominant based upon Donnelly's nearest neighbor analysis and correlations of lineament desities. In the color composite image produced by overlaying the lineament density map of these C-, D-, and G-trends, G-trend is shown to be developed in the whole study area while the eastern part of the area is dominated by D-trend. C-trend develops extensively over the whole are except the southeastern part. The orientation of fractures measured at 35 points in the field shows major trends of NS~$N30^{\circ}$E, $N50^{\circ}$~$80^{\circ}$W, and N80$^{\circ}$E~EW, which agree relatively well with the lineaments estimated form the satellite image. The rose diagram analysis fo field data shows that WNW-ESE trending discontinuities are developed in the whole area while discontinuities of NS~$N20^{\circ}$E are develped only in the estern part, which also coincide with the result from the satellite image. The combined results of lineaments from the satellite image and fracture orientation of field data at 22 points including 18 minor faults in Sindong Group imply that the WNW-ESE trend is so prominent that Gumchun and Gaum faults are possibly extended up to the lower Sindong Group in the study area.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

With the occurrence of interest in image-presentation that helps express one's individuality in several place in our society, it has affected make-up field. Now, make-up is getting to be recognized as a key role player that reflects our social and cultural concerns not only by presenting a appropriate one that is proper when to use and what for, but also presenting individualistic images that are able to express one's attractiveness free from a last plain concept that meant merely applying cosmetics to one's face is makeup. Like above, the reason that a change for consciousness of the function of make-up was possible is a noticeable outcome that results from the difference before and after make-up. In other word, with the help of Corrective Make-up that makes use of optical illusion, the analytic research for features could have been carried out systematically, therefore, women get to present their beauty of innate facial shape and features at their pleasure. The basic principles of the Corrective Make-up, which was introduced to satisfy the purpose of the existing make-up take advantage of lines and colors that are part of the optical illusion. The nature of direction and movement was expressed by the direction and angle of lines and the colors are also able to induce the variation of images depend on the whole color around them or contrastive color around. This thesis is mainly about optical illusion through lines that are part of elements that induce the optical illusion and deals with phenomena that occur when we apply lines that are part of design into the make-up. And this is written for the purpose of establishing the last basis of make-up more scientifically and systematically through the research for the variation when we apply the nature of lines into our features and deriving facial image variation from it. This is also for study into the role of make-up as for psychological effect that is able to make facial images look different when the optical illusion with possible visual errors is applied into it. In conclusion, we can say "Make-up is optical illusion through visual elements such as lines, surfaces, books, touch and so on."

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2011

A missile with a strapdown seeker should properly estimate line-of-sight(LOS) rate using its attitude information and the look angle of the seeker because LOS rate information in an inertial coordinate system, which is used for a proportional navigation(PN) homing guidance, can not be obtained directly. However, an unnecessary feedback loop(Parasite Loop) is formed in the guidance and control loop, and it may cause the guidance performance degradation or even the unstability of the system(Parasite Effect). This paper presents estimation methods for the LOS rate information and effective ways to minimize the parasite effect using Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. Various numerical simulations are also included to verify the proposed methods.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

Historically, the pattern and technology of Copts' textiles, who were a minority in Egypt, have been studied a lot in the textile sector due to its unique characteristics. Unlike ones in other regions that appeared around the same time, the overall configuration ratio of the patterns looks exaggerated or distorted because they expressed it plainly by interpreting the world with ordinary people's eyes. Also, because it had used mixed linen and woolen yarns, harsh expression way and the use of various colors have been one of the features in Coptic textiles. Coptic textiles, which have been developed along with the historical development of continued domination from neighboring countries, have expressed the effects of the Roman Empire, Christ, Christianity, and Islam on the pattern of its fabric. This study analyzed its characteristics which make people smile by the way of expressing a simple and humorous representation of the textiles and categorized them as Humoristic Beauty - the aesthetic category of humorous feature. In this study, the Humoristic Beauty in Coptic textiles has been analyzed in terms of the following three smiles; the smiles coincidental with the flow of time, the smiles made by the shaping of distorted proportions and appearance, and the smiles like folk-paintings made by a rustic expression way. This study shows the possibility of the further studies on the textile patterns history from a different angle. I look forward to more detailed analysis in the follow-up studies in the future.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the knee joint after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with three-dimensional (3D) isotropic magnetic resonance (MR) image, and to directly compare the ACL graft findings on 3D MR with the clinical results. Materials and Methods: From January 2009 to December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed MRIs of 39 patients who had reconstructed ACL with double bundle technique. The subjects were examined using 3D isotropic proton-density sequence and routine two-dimensional (2D) sequence on 3.0T scanner. The MR images were qualitatively evaluated for the intraarticular curvature, graft tear, bony impingement, intraosseous tunnel cyst, and synovitis of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles (AMB, PLB). In addition anterior tibial translation, PCL angle, PCL ratio were quantitatively measured. KT arthrometric values were reviewed for anterior tibial translation as positive or negative. The second look arthroscopy results including tear and laxity were reviewed. Results: Significant correlations were found between an AMB tear on 3D-isotropic proton density MR images and arthroscopic proven AMB tear or laxity (P < 0.05). Also, a significant correlation was observed between increased PCL ratio on 3D isotropic MRI and the arthroscopic findings such as tear, laxities of grafts (P < 0.05). KT arthrometric results were found to be significantly correlated with AMB tears (P < 0.05) and tibial tunnel cysts (P < 0.05). Conclusion: An AMB tear on 3D-isotropic MRI was correlated with arthroscopic results qualitatively and quantitatively. 3D isotropic MRI findings can aid the evaluation of ACL grafts after double bundle reconstruction.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2015

A time-domain simulation tool to predict the dynamic power output of wind turbines in an offshore wind farm was developed in this study. A wind turbine model consisting of first or second order transfer functions of various wind turbine elements was combined with the Ainslie's eddy viscosity wake model to construct the simulation tool. The wind turbine model also includes an aerodynamic model that is a look up table of power and thrust coefficients with respect to the tip speed ratio and pitch angle of the wind turbine obtained by a commercial multi-body dynamics simulation tool. The wake model includes algorithms of superposition of multiple wakes and propagation based on Taylor's frozen turbulence assumption. Torque and pitch control algorithms were implemented in the simulation tool to perform max-Cp and power regulation control of the wind turbines. The simulation tool calculates wind speeds in the two-dimensional domain of the wind farm at the hub height of the wind turbines and yields power outputs from individual wind turbines. The NREL 5MW reference wind turbine was targeted as a wind turbine to obtain parameters for the simulation. To validate the simulation tool, a Danish offshore wind farm with 80 wind turbines was modelled and used to predict the power from the wind farm. A comparison of the prediction with the measured values available in literature showed that the results from the simulation program were fairly close to the measured results in literature except when the wind turbines are congruent with the wind direction.