• 제목/요약/키워드: Long-Sha effect

검색결과 5건 처리시간 0.019초

조경기법으로 본 중국원림의 풍수지리사상 (From Landscaping Techniques to Study the Feng Shui Geographical Thought in Chinese Garden)

  • Yu, Wen-Dong;Kang, Tai-Ho
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.130-138
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 중국 원림의 조경기법에서 배치, 축 대칭, 주종(主從) 관계, 공간 대조, 경관 은폐 등으로 나타나고 있는 풍수지리사상인 "혈효응(穴效應)", "용사효응(龍砂效應)" 및 "수구효응(水口效應)" 의 이론을 파악하고 원림 공간에서의 표현 방식에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 배치 방식을 증명하기 위하여 사합원(四合院)과 소주 망사원(網師園)을 대상으로 하였으며, 축 대칭과 주종(主從) 관계를 증명하기 위하여 명 청대 북경성과 자금성, 운남성 선위시(宣威市) 도시 광장 설계를 대상으로 분석하였고, 공간 대조와 경관 은폐 방식을 증명하기 위하여 소주 유원(留園)과 창랑정(滄浪亭), 졸정원(拙政園), 태안시 남호공원을 대상으로 분석하였다. 연구 방법은 문헌조사와 현지답사 및 사례 분석으로 나누어 진행하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 배치 방식은 사합원, 소주 망사원 등에서 중국 풍수지리사상의 "혈효응"이 적용되었으며, 둘째, 축 대칭과 주종관계는 명 청대 북경성의 도시 계획과 자금성 공간 배치에서 풍수지리사상의 "용사효응"이 적용되었으며, 운남성 선위시 도시 광장 설계 등 중국 현대 조경 설계기법에도 풍수지리사상을 도입하고 있다. 셋째, "수구효응"은 공간 대조 기법과 경관 은폐 기법에서 나타나고 있다. 이는 소주 유원(留園), 창랑정(滄浪亭), 졸정원(拙政園), 태안시 남호공원 등의 설계에 도입되었다.

Streptococcus sanguis의 구형 Hydroxyapatite 비드에의 부착 Assay 방법의 개량 (Improvement of an hydroxyapatite bead adherence assay for streptococcus sanguis)

  • 최선진;이시영;송요한
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.48-55
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    • 1989
  • HA 비드에 부착한 S. sanguis 세포는 방사능 측정시 칵테일 속에서 비드에 여전히 부착되어 있음으로 비드에 의한 방사능의 sel-absorpiton이 일어났으며 그 정도는 염산용액으로 비드를 용해시킬 때 측정한 반사능값의 34.5% 이었다. 현탁액으로 준비한 세포의 방사능 측정과는 달리 HA 또는 SHA에 부착한 세포의 경우에는 소량의 scintillation 용액(2.5ml) 사용에서 더 좋은 측정값을 얻었다 . HA 비드에 의한 칭은 약 18% 이었다. 부착 assay 에 사용할 HA 비드 준비에 보통 이용되는 3가지의 dqkdqjqdm 비교에서는 차이가 없었다. 부착실험용의 세균세포는 초소리파로 세균사슬을 끊었는데 30초간의 파절로 세포하나 또는 두개로 주로 구성된 현탁액을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 HA 비드에 부착한 S. sanguis 세포를 측정할 때 self-absorpiton이 일어남을 발견하였고 부착한 세균을 비드에서 탈락하거나 또는 비드를 용해시킨 후 측정함으로써 self-absorption을 제거할 수 있었다. 그리고 부착한 세균의 방사능 측정에서는, 적정의 칵테일량을 발견하여 사용하므로 측정값을 유의하게 증가시킬 수 있었다. 수 있었다.

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Effects of Organic or Inorganic Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and White Blood Cell Counts in Weanling Pigs

  • Kil, D.Y.;Piao, L.G.;Long, H.F.;Lim, J.S.;Yun, M.S.;Kong, C.S.;Ju, W.S.;Lee, H.B.;Kim, Y.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.252-261
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    • 2006
  • Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic or inorganic acid supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts of weanling pigs. In growth trial (Exp I), a total of 100 crossbred pigs ({$Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$}${\times}$Duroc), weaned at $23{\pm}2$ days of age and $7.25{\pm}0.10kg$ average initial body weight (BW), were allotted to 5 treatments by body weight and sex in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Three different organic acids (fumaric [FUA], formic [FOA] or lactic acid [LAA]) and one inorganic acid (hydrochloric acid [SHA]) were supplemented to each treatment diet. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. During 0-3 wk, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G/F ratio) were not significantly different among treatments. However, pigs fed LAA or SHA diet showed improved ADG by 15 or 13% respectively and 12% greater ADFI in both treatments compared to CON diets. Moreover, compared to organic acid treatments, better ADG (p = 0.07) and ADFI (p = 0.09) were observed in SHA diet compared to pigs that were fed the diet containing organic acids (FUA, FOA or LAA). However, during 4-5 wk, no differences in ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were observed among treatments. Overall, ADG, ADFI and G/F ratio were not affected by acidifier supplementation. Although it showed no significant difference, pigs fed LAA or SHA diets showed numerically higher ADG and ADFI than pigs fed other treatments. In metabolic trial (Exp II), 15 pigs were used to evaluate the effect of acidifier supplementation on nutrient digestibility. The digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) was not improved by acidifier supplementation. Although the amount of fecal-N excretion was not different among treatments, that of urinary-N excretion was reduced in acidsupplemented treatments compared to CON group (p = 0.12). Subsequently, N retention was improved in acid-supplemented groups (p = 0.17). In anatomical trial (Exp III), the pH and $Cl^-$ concentrations of digesta in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. No detrimental effect of intestinal and lingual (taste bud) morphology was observed by acidifier supplementation particularly in inorganic acid treatment. In white blood cell assay (Exp IV), 45 pigs were used for measuring white blood cell (WBC) counts. In all pigs after LPS injection, WBC counts had slightly declined at 2 h and kept elevating at 8 h, then returned to baseline by 24 h after injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, overall WBC counts were not affected by acidifier supplementation. In conclusion, there was no difference between organic and inorganic acidifier supplementation in weanling pigs' diet, however inorganic acidifier might have a beneficial effect on growth performance and N utilization with lower supplementation levels. Furthermore, inorganic acidifier had no negative effect on intestinal measurements and white blood cell counts in weanling pigs. These results suggested that inorganic acidifier might be a good alternative to organic acidifiers in weanling pigs.

Effect of fiber type and content on properties of high-strength fiber reinforced self-consolidating concrete

  • Tuan, Bui Le Anh;Tesfamariam, Mewael Gebregirogis;Hwang, Chao-Lung;Chen, Chun-Tsun;Chen, Yuan-Yuan;Lin, Kae-Long
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.299-313
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    • 2014
  • Effects of polypropylene (PP) fibers, steel fibers (SF) and hybrid on the properties of highstrength fiber reinforced self-consolidating concrete (HSFR-SCC) under different volume contents are investigated in this study. Comprehensive laboratory tests were conducted in order to evaluate both fresh and hardened properties of HSFR-SCC. Test results indicated that the fiber types and fiber contents greatly influenced concrete workability but it is possible to achieve self consolidating properties while adding the fiber types in concrete mixtures. Compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and rigidity of concrete were affected by the addition as well as volume fraction of PP fibers. However, the properties of concrete were improved by the incorporation of SF. Splitting tensile and flexural strengths of concrete became increasingly less influenced by the inclusion of PP fibers and increasingly more influenced by the addition of SF. Besides, the inclusion of PP fibers resulted in the better efficiency in the improvement of toughness than SF. Furthermore, the inclusion of fibers did not have significant effect on the durability of the concrete. Results of electrical resistivity, chloride ion penetration and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests confirmed that HSFR-SCC had enough endurance against deterioration, lower chloride ion penetrability and minimum reinforcement corrosion rate.

고문헌을 통해 본 방충향 (A Review on Ancient Literatures of Anti-insect Incense)

  • 권영숙;이경희
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.802-812
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of natural incense on the preservation of paper- and textile-based remains and the kinds and applications of natural anti-insect incense by reviewing relevant literatures of the ancient times. There are few ancient literatures of incense published in Korea. The researcher deducted how incense was used in this nation through reviewing verses contained in ancient literatures and medical books. In contrast, the kinds and applications of anti-insect incense used in China, where incense culture prospered, were investigated here through reviewing technical books about incense published during the Song(宋) and Ming(明) periods, $\ll$Incense record(香譜)$\gg$, $\ll$Chen's Incense record(陳氏香譜)$\gg$ and $\ll$Incense record(香乘)$\gg$. There were several methods of keeping clothes better from insects. In relation, how to use anti-insect incense varied in accordance with main materials of clothes, paper, textile, leather and others. Cymbopogon dstans(芸香), Brassica rapu var and Incarvillea sinensis(角蒿) are anti-insect incense which were used for paper. Anti-insect incense for textiles is classified into single and mixed incenses depending on whether only one kind of incense was used or more than seven kinds of the substance. Acori rhizoma(菖蒲), Capsella bursa-pastoris(薺菜花), Lactuca sativa L., Erigeron canadensis(莽草), Stemona japonica(百部) and Moschus sifanicus(麝香) are single anti-insect incense which were used for textile. While, the latter was called. ‘Yi Xiang(衣香)’ is mixed anti-insect incense which was used for textile. Artemisia asiatica(艾葉) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium(花椒) are anti-insect incense which were used for leather. Angelica dahurica(芳香) and Bamboo are anti-insect incense which were used for others. There were three main methods of using incense to prevent insects, that is, diffusing incense's strong scent and ingredients, exposing to smokes from burnt incense and washing with incense-boiled water. Diffusing incenses had a strong scent and antibiotic ingredients, which were put between books or clothes or into a storage box without being processed. If necessary, however, they were processed into rough powders that were in turn used singly, or otherwise mixed for a stronger scent and better insect elimination. Exposing to smokes from burnt incense was done as follows. A clothes was put on 'Long(籠)' underneath which there was a boiling water. The clothes was humidified by the water and then exposed to smokes from burnt incense. 'Long(籠)' had been long used since it was manufactured in the QinHan(秦漢) period for the first time. A local literature, $\ll$Koryo TuGing(高麗圖經)$\gg$ shows that in the Koryo(高麗) period, BoShaLu(博山爐) were used as a means of exposing clothes to smokes to prevent moths, similarly to China. Washing clothes with incense-boiled water was more effective in removing lots of worms and germs from clothes, but leaving the scent and ingredients of the used incense and maintaining the effect of anti-insect.

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