• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.117-124
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• 2000

This paper presents the construction planning and the detail design of a 16.2 km long railroad tunnel in a mountainous area. Major design conditions for railroad are the single track, loop-typed alinement, and a maximum grade of 24.5$\textperthousand$. A underground station(double track) with a length of 1.1km is located in the middle of the line for train cross-passing. Tunnel is excavated in highly complex geological conditions including faulted areas, abandoned mine works areas, and various rock types such as sandstone, shale, limestone, and coal seam partly. Drilling and blasting method was adopted because it is more flexible than TBM(Tunnel Boring Machine) as a result of risk assessment for geological conditions in this area. Two working adits were planned to adjust the construction schedule and can be used for ventilation and maintenance in operation phase. New material and concept were introduced to the tunnel drain design. They are expected to improve tunnel drain condition and capability. Rational tunnel support design was tried to consider the various tunnel size and purpose and to use the geological investigation results.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.287-298
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• 2007

Recently, as the construction of new railway and the relocation of existing line increase, tunnel structures get longer. The railway fire accidents in long tunnel bring large damages of human life and disaster. The interest on safety in long tunnel has been growing and the safety standard for long tunnels is tightening. For that reason, at the planning stage of a long tunnel, the optimum design of safety facility for minimizing the risks and satisfying the safety standard is required. For the reasonable design of a long railway tunnel considering high safety, qualitative estimation for tunnel safely is required. In this study, QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis) technique is applied to design of a long railway tunnel for assuring the safety function and estimating the risk of safety. The case study for safety design was carried out to verify the QRA technique for two railway tunnels.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.5 s.64
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• pp.357-367
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• 2006

Recently, as the construction of new railway and the relocation of existing line increase, tunnel structures grow longer. The railway fire accidents in long tunnel bring large damages of human life and disaster. The interest of safety in long tunnel have a growing and the safety standard of long tunnel is tightening. For that reason, at the planning of long tunnel, the optimum design of safety facility in long tunnel for minimizing the risks and satisfying the safety standard is needed. For the reasonable design of long railway tunnel considering high safety, qualitative estimation for tunnel safety is required. In this study, QRA (Quantitative Risk Assessment) technique is applied to design of long railway tunnel for assuring the safety function and estimating the risk of safety. The case study for safety design in long railway tunnel is tarried out to verifying the QRA technique for two railway tunnels. Thus, the inclined and vertical shaft for escape way and safety facilities in long tunnel are planned, and the risks of tunnel safety for each case are estimated quantitatively.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.169-172
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• 2011

Recently, railroad long tunnels are increasing and growing longer due to topological feathers like a lot of mountain in Korea. But fire disaster of a long tunnel cause many people to injury and death. For that reason, at the early design stage of a long tunnel, risk assessment and mitigation measure of risk for satisfying tunnel safety are required. According to the railroad facility safety standard (Korean MLTM Announcement No. 2006-395), risk assessment for railroad-tunnel fire should be performed when design stage. Therefore, various methods of risk assessment for tunnel fire have been studied and applied. In the paper, QRA(Quantitative Risk Analysis) for fire risk assessment by using CFD code is presented and the usefulness of CFD is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.33-41
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• 2008

The longest tunnel has been halted at Daekwanryung by the failure of the host country of the Winter Olympiad in 2014, but modern High-Power TBM will come to Korea to excavate these long tunnels to establish the better horizontal connection between the western and eastern countries to improve the strong powerful logistic strategy of Korean peninsula. Train operation provides a key function of air movements in a long underground tunnel, and heat generation from transit vehicles may account of the most heat release to the ventilation and emergency systems. This paper indicates the optimal fire suppress services and safety provision for the long railway tunnel which is designed twin tunnel with length 22km in Gangwon province of Korea. The design of the fire-fighting systems and emergency were prepared by the operation of the famous long-railway tunnels as well as the severe lessons from the real fires in domestic and overseas experiences. Designers should concentrate the optimal solution for passenger's safety at the emergency state when tunnel fires, train crush accidents, derailment, and etc. The optimal fire-extinguishing facilities for long railway tunnels are presented for better safety of the comfortable operation in this hard rock tunnel of eastern mountains side of Korea. Since year 1900, hard rock tunnel construction has been launched for railway tunnels in Korea, tunnels have been built for various purposes not only for infrastructure tunnels including roadway, railway, subway, and but also for water and power supply, for deposit food, waste, and oils etc. Most favorable railway tunnel system was discussed in details; twin tunnels, distance of cross passage, ventilation systems, for the comfortable train operations in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 2010

Immersed tunnel had been a rather new term in Korea before Busan-Geoje fixed link project was started and became known through the media. Although Korean is unfamiliar with the immersed tunnel, this construction method has a long history in the world. Busan-Geoje Fixed Link immersed tunnel consist of 18 elements and each element is approximately 180m long. These tunnel elements are prefabricated of reinforced concrete in a temporary dry dock and are towed to the site and lowered into final position in a dredged trench and are placed on a screeded gravel bed directly without temporary support.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1091-1100
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• 1998

Longitudinal distributions of the extinction coefficient and concentrations of hazardous gases in a long tunnel located in urban area haute been predicted theoretically. The results are compared with design criteria. It is found that the maximum concentrations of both CO and $NO_X$ in the tunnel are lower than the design criteria. However, the maximum extinction coefficient, generally considered to be a governing factor for ventilating flow rate, is shown lower than the design criterion. Therefore, it is suggested that the design criterion of the extinction coefficient should be increased to a slightly larger value.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

In Korea, 70% of the land is mountainous and structures occupy a high proportion in railway and road construction. In particular, in recent years, the construction of high-speed railways and highways for high-speed driving is rapidly increasing. At the same time, the construction of tunnels is also increasing. The number of tunnel construction cases in which long-term deformation occurs after tunnel excavation is completed is increasing. The stability of these tunnel structures depends entirely on the characteristics of the rock surrounding the tunnel excavation. In the case of pyroclastic rock, which is the subject of this study, it is generally vulnerable to weathering and has a characteristic that its strength decreases over a long period of time. Tunnel design and construction planning considering the strength characteristics of pyroclastic rocks are essential. This study analyzed the cases of over-deformation that occurred at the tunnel site in the pyroclastic section. Based on this study, a plan for tunnel design and construction management in an area where pyroclastic rock exist in the future is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.417-422
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• 2005

The appropriate ventilation system in vehicular tunnel should be the most economical solution with regard to both construction and maintenance. The damages on tunnel lining was affected by formula of ventilation system in long vehicular tunnel. In this study, carbonation, one of main experimental items in precision safety diagnosis, was analyzed by contouring damage area with ventilation system. Considerations of carbonation were also given to the design and maintenance which manage the long-term safety in tunnel.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2008

Tunnels are generally constructed below the ground water table, which produces a long-term interaction between the tunnel lining and the surrounding geo-materials. Thus, in conjunction with tunnel design, the presence of water may require a number of considerations such as: leakage and water load. It has been reported that deterioration of a drainage system of tunnels is one of the main factors governing the long-term hydraulic and structural lining-ground interaction. Therefore, the design procedure of an underwater tunnel should address any detrimental effects associated with this interaction. In this paper an attempt to identify the coupled structural and hydraulic interaction between the lining and the ground was made using a numerical method. A main concern was given to local hindrance of flow into tunnels. Six cases of local deterioration of a drainage system were considered to investigate the effects of deterioration on tunnels. It is revealed that hindrance of flow increased pore-water pressure on the deteriorated areas, and caused detrimental effects on the lining structures. The analysis results were compared with those from fully permeable and impermeable linings.