• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.579-590
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• 2011

This study focused on developing various application services for smart phones in the rural amenity resources information service. By developing application services for smart phones, this study aims to stimulate rural tourism and increase the rural tourism economy. The main findings of this study revealed that 'information for reports/cultural/recreational facilities, etc', 'maps for rural villages(food, attractions, etc)', 'regional weather information', 'traffic reports for rural villages(public transportation, etc)' and 'introduction of rural experiences (festivals, exhibitions, events, etc)' are preferentially needed as the contents services of the rural amenity resources. Moreover, it has been found that the types of services firstly needed to offer information of rural amenity resources include 'searching the information around me(where I am)', 'wayfinding such as navigation', 'information sharing function with messenger and SNS, etc', 'taking and editing photography', 'searching information of rural villages about festivals, events, etc'. These are the items that can be utilized in developing application services needed by information services of rural amenity resources. It is expected that the future real-time smart phone services for rural amenity resources will be able to reinforce the competitiveness of rural tourism by giving urban dwellers the chance to utilize the customized information whenever they want.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2013

Some GM (General Motors) vehicles are using a GMLAN (General Motors Local Area Network) communication protocol for control and diagnostics. The airbag control module uses vehicle speed information from the GMLAN to record the vehicle speed as pre-crash information. In order to use the vehicle speed information for crash reconstruction purposes, it helps to be able to understand the accuracy of the data. The actual vehicle speed is not expected to be the same as the GMLAN indicated speed in some situations like a spin or if there is hard braking. This paper compares the actual vehicle speed and vehicle speed information during specific vehicle maneuvers. Actual vehicle speed is calculated from a GPS sensor, while GMLAN vehicle speed is calculated from transmission output sensor by the Engine control module (ECM). Vehicle maneuvers defined as Mode #1, Mode #2, Mode #3. The Mode #1 maneuver simulates wheel lock-up and skidding f by hard-braking at a specific speed. The Mode #2 maneuver simulates a 90degree turn using a J-turn maneuver at a specific speed. The Mode#3 maneuver simulates a 180 degree turn using a spin type of maneuver at a specific speed. The study then compares the GMLAN speed and GPS speed to see what speed difference exists between them. The results of this paper are applicable to GM vehicles only. This paper catalogs the performance and limitations of two vehicles as useful reference for crash reconstructions where there is a need to understand the speed indicated in the pre-crash section of the SDM data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.372-372
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• 2007

유기 발광 소자에서의 내장 전압을 변조 광전류를 이용하여 측정하였다. 내장 전압은 양극의 일함수와 음극의 일함수 차이에 해당한다. 실험적으로는 유기 발광 소자에 500W Xenon light(ORIEL Instruments 66021)로부터 나온 빛을 chopper(Stanford Research SR540)를 통해 유기 발광 소자에 조사시키면 소자에서 발생한다. 변조 광전류를 lock-in amplifier(Stanford Research SR530)를 이용하여 변조 광전류의 크기와 위상을 측정할 수 있다. 이때 변조 광전류 크기가 최소가 될 때의 외부 인가 전압을 내장 전압이라고 한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 소자의 구조는 양극/$Alq_3$/음극 구조이며, 양극으로는 ITO 혹은 ITO/PEDOT:PSS를 사용하였고, 음극으로는 Ba/Al을 사용하였다. 발광 층으로는 $Alq_3$(150nm)를 사용하였다. Ba층의 두께는 0nm에서 3nm까지 변화시켰다. Ba이 금속의 역할을 하기 위해서는 두께가 20nm 이상은 되어야 한다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 Ba의 두께가 최대 3nm이므로 금속의 역할은 하지 않을 것으로 예상되며, 음극의 일함수에 약간의 영향을 주었을 것으로 생각된다. 내장 전압은 ITO/$Alq_3$(150nm)/Ba/Al 소자 구조에서 1V를 얻었고, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/$Alq_3$(150nm)/Ba/Al 소자 구조에서는 2V로 나타났다. ITO와 Ba/Al 전극 사이에 PEDOT:PSS 층을 주입함으로써 내장 전압은 약 1V 증가하였다. 이것으로, Ba의 두께가 얇으면 음극의 전자 주입 장벽에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는다는 것을 알 수가 있다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2012

The retract actuator makes the landing gear retract or extend during take-off and landing of an aircraft. To prevent folding of landing gear that has remained in the extended state because of an unexpected external disturbance, an internal locking device is applied to the retract actuator. The locking device is restrained with another internal component by oil pressure supplied to the retract actuator, and this restraint makes the locking of the actuator possible. Because locking and unlocking are repeated during retraction and extension of the landing gear, the locking device takes repeated identical loads, and the possibility of fatigue failure exists. In this study, the process and results of fatigue analysis for the locking device are presented, and the appropriateness of the analysis result is verified using a fatigue test.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.622-629
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• 2019

VR(Virtual Reality), which provides realistic services in virtual reality, provides a similar experience using a Head Mounted Display(HMD) device. When the HMD device is worn, it can not recognize the surrounding environment and it is easy to analyze the input pattern of the user with the Shoulder Surfing Attack(SSA) when entering the Personal Identification Number(PIN). In this paper, we propose a method to safeguard the user's password even if the hacker analyzes the input pattern while maintaining the user's convenience. For the first time, we implemented a new type of virtual keypad that deviates from the existing rectangle shape according to the VR characteristics and implemented the lock object for intuitive interaction with the user. In addition, a smart glove using the same sensor as the existing input devices of the VR and a PIN input method suitable for the rotary type are implemented and the safety of the SSA is verified through experiments.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

This paper illustrates a case study of PLC logic simulation in a car manufacturing system. It was developed to simulate and verify PLC control program for automobile panel AS/RS. Because car models become varied, the complexity of supply problem is increasing in the car manufacturing system. To cope with this problem, companies use the AS (automated storage) and RS (retrieval system) but it has logical complexity. Industrial automated process uses PLC code to control the AS/RS, however control information and control codes (PLC code) are difficult to understand. This paper suggests a PLC simulation environment, using 3D models and PLC code with realistic data. Data used in this simulation is based on realistic 3D model and I/O model, using actual size and PLC signals, respectively. The environment is similar to a real factory; users can verify and test the PLC code using this simulation before the implementation of AS/RS. Proposed simulation environment can be used for test run of AS/RS to reduce implementation time and cost.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.216-222
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• 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale among undergraduates of dental, medical and engineering students during COVID-19. The secondary objectives were to correlate the factors influencing level of anxiety and to assess the coping strategies practiced by undergraduates' students of Karachi duri.ng COVID-19 outbreak. Methodology: The cross-sectional based survey was conducted online among the medical, dental and engineering undergraduates' university students of private sector in Karachi through purposive sampling technique during COVID-19 lock down period. The GAD-7 validated tool was used along with the demographic variables, related stress factors and the coping skills practiced during this outbreak. Total 571 questionnaires were found completed in all sections. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 23. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mental health of the students was assessed on GADS-7 scale as normal, mild, moderate and severe levels. From the total (n=18-3.2%) were normal, (n=132-23.1%) had mild, (n=343-60.1%) had moderate and (n=78-13.7%) had severe anxiety level on GADS-7. The levels of anxiety on GAD-7 scale were all positively associated with the related stressors at p-value of 0.000. Moreover the results depicted that there was a moderate and positive correlation found (0.456, 0.447, 0.512 and 0.452) for all related stressors and GAD-7 scale. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19, meditation and engaging in some other activities were the most frequently used coping strategies for all levels of anxiety among three cohorts of undergraduates'. Conclusion: Undergraduates has shown 96.9% drastically increased level of anxiety during the outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic. Taking breaks from watching, reading news regarding the outbreak of COVID-19 was the most frequent behavior practiced by the students.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2010

Phase coherent modulation techniques in underwater acoustic channel can improve bandwidth efficiency and data reliability, but they are made difficult by time-varying intersymbol interference. This paper proposes an adaptive equalizer combined with phase estimator which compensates distortions caused by time-varying multipath and phase variation. The experiment in the East sea demonstrates phase coherent signals are distorted by time-varying multipath propagation and the proposed scheme equalizes them. Bit error rate of BPSK and QPSK are 0.0078 and 0.0376 at 300 meter horizontal distance and 0.0146 and 0.0293 at 1000 meter respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an anycast event driven synchronization mechanism to reduce power overheads. Our proposed mechanism can reduce unnecessary polling operations on SHI(Snoop Hit Invalidate) or SHR(Snoop Hit Read) states. It prevents waisting bandwidth and reduces power overheads on polling operation. Also it decreases transition power of state change compared to broadcast model. Simulation results indicated that the proposed architecture had about 15.3% of power decrease compared to spin-lock model and about 4.7% of power decrease compared to broadcast model. Overall results indicated that proposed synchronization mechanism could increase power efficiency of multi-core system by reducing power overheads.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.895-903
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• 2016

Spaceborne imaging sensors require periodic calibrations using an on-board calibration device for an image quality of observation satellites. The on-board calibration device consists of a blackbody to provide uniform radiance temperatures and calibration mechanism with a function of stow and deploy to target the blackbody during the calibration. Among these devices, the calibration mechanism is required to implement a fail-safe function to prevent blocking of the main optical path when the mechanism stops at a certain position during on-orbit calibration. In addition, structural safety of the mechanical driving part of the mechanism within the launch environment must be guaranteed. In this study, we proposed a deploy/stow-type calibration mechanism that provides launch-lock and fail-safe function. The effectiveness of the functionality of the proposed mechanism was validated through functional test using engineering model.