• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.274-282
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• 2009

Various location tracking sensors; such as GPS, INS, radar, and optical equipment; are used for tracking moving targets. In order to effectively track moving targets, it is necessary to develop an effective fusion method for these heterogeneous devices. There have been studies in which the estimated values of each sensors were regarded as different models and fused together, considering the different error characteristics of the sensors for the improvement of tracking performance using heterogeneous multi-sensor. However, the rate of errors for the estimated values of other sensors has increased, in that there has been a sharp increase in sensor errors and the attempts to change the estimated sensor values for the Sensor Probability could not be applied in real time. In this study, the Sensor Probability is obtained by comparing the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) for the difference between the updated and measured values of the Kalman filter for each sensor. The process of substituting the new combined values for the Kalman filter input values for each sensor is excluded. There are improvements in both the real-time application of estimated sensor values, and the tracking performance for the areas in which the sensor performance has rapidly decreased. The proposed algorithm adds the error characteristic of each sensor as a conditional probability value, and ensures greater accuracy by performing the track fusion with the sensors with the most reliable performance. The trajectory of a UAV is generated in an experiment and a performance analysis is conducted with other fusion algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.599-614
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• 2014

When tunnelling with TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine), accessibility to tunnel face is very limited because tunnel face is mostly occupied by a bunch of machines. Existing techniques that can predict ground condition ahead of TBM tunnel are extremely limited. In this study, the TBM Resistivity Prediction (TRP) system has been developed for predicting anomalous zone ahead of tunnel face utilizing electrical resistivity. The applicability and prediction accuracy of the developed system has been verified by performing field tests at subway tunnel construction site in which an EPB (Earth Pressure Balanced) shield TBM was used for tunnelling work. The TRP system is able to predicts the location, thickness and electrical properties of anomalous zone by performing inverse analysis using measured resistivity of the ground. To make field tests possible, an apparatus was devised to attach electrode to tunnel face through the chamber. The electrode can be advanced from the chamber to the tunnel face to fully touch the ground in front of the tunnel face. In the 1st field test, none of the anomalous zone was predicted, because the rock around the tunnel face has the same resistivity and permittivity with the rock ahead of tunnel face. In the 2nd field test, 5 m thick anomalous zone was predicted with lower permittivity than that of the rock around the tunnel face. The test results match well with the ground condition predicted, respectively, from geophysical exploration, or directly obtained either from drilling boreholes or from daily observed muck condition.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-46
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• 2020

In the current work, a series of three-dimensional finite element analyses have been carried out to understand the behaviour of pre-existing single piles to adjacent tunnelling by considering the tunnel face pressures and the relative location of pile tips with respect to the tunnel. The numerical modelling has analysed the effect of the face pressures on the pile behaviour. The analyses concentrate on the ground settlements, the pile head settlements, the axial pile forces and the shear stress transfer mechanism at the pile-soil interface. The head settlements of the pile (the vertical distance between the pile and the tunnel: 0.25D, where D is the tunnel diameter) directly above the tunnel crown with the face pressure 50% of the in-situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline decreased by about 38% compared to corresponding settlements with a face pressure 25% of the in-situ horizontal soil stress at the tunnel springline. Furthermore, it was found that the smaller the face pressure, the larger the tunnelling-induced ground movements and the axial pile forces were and the higher the degree of the shear strength mobilisation at the pile-soil interface. When the piles were outside the tunnel influence zone, compressive pile forces were developed due to tunnelling. It has been found that the ground settlements and the pile settlements are heavily affected by the face pressures and the position of the pile tip relative to the tunnel. In addition, the computed results have been compared with relevant studies previously reported in literature. The behaviour of the piles has been extensively examined and analysed by considering the key features in great detail.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.369-374
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• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in the world. Genetic variants in 8q24.21 including rs10505477 and rs6983267 have been hypothesized to be involved in susceptibility to CRC. This study aims to investigate the possible association between these loci and their haplotypes with CRC risk in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Subjects were recruited from two hospitals in Tehran. The rs10505477 and rs6983267 polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan real time PCR using subject genomic DNA, extracted either from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of patients or from blood of the controls by standard methods. Results: A total of 715 subjects (380 CRC patients and 335 matched controls) were genotyped in this study. Allele and genotype analysis of the rs10505477 and rs6983267 polymorphisms by gender, age at diagnosis, tumor location, tumor grade, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) showed no significant association with CRC risk. There was a significant relationship between GG haplotype and susceptibility to age at diagnosis for both <60 and ${\geq}60$ (p=0.0005 and p=0.000004, respectively) and between GT and CRC in the age at diagnosis ${\geq}60$ (Table 3: p=0.031). The GG haplotype was less frequent in CRC patients with the age at diagnosis <60, but was more common in subjects with the age at diagnosis ${\geq}60$. Conclusions: Results of this study suggests that the rs6983267 and rs10505477 polymorphisms alone may not be relevant to CRC risk, but their GG haplotype plays a notable role in age at diagnosis of CRC in the Iranian population.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2018

This study is aimed to investigate the provenance of raw materials and firing temperature of jar coffins excavated from the Oryang-dong kiln site and Jeonchon tomb site, Naju, Korea. Most of jar coffin samples shows same range of magnetic susceptibility and have gray color, while 404 and 405 of Jeongchon site are reddish yellow. In some samples fired at high temperature, the water absorption at the mouth rim and body part of same jar coffin were 3.50% and 7.56% respectively. It means that heat transfer and equilibrium in the kiln was not properly continued and the heat energy transferred to the mouth rim and the body part was different. In the petrographic analysis, As a tempering materials, biotite, weathered quartz and feldspar were added in the jar coffins of Oryang-dong site, and biotite, polycrystalline quartz and feldspar in it of Jeongchon site. Tempering materials were found more in the body than in the mouth rim of same jar coffin of Oryang-dong site. It seemed that some samples were fired at over 1,000 to $1,100^{\circ}C$, which showed vitrified texture in the scanning electron images and the rest of samples were fired at below $900^{\circ}C$. Due to similarity of chemical compositions, it is estimated that jar coffins of Jeongchon tomb were produced and supplied from Oryang-dong kiln site. However, the slight difference of some trace elements distribution of samples is attributed to the selection of clay depending on the location.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.190-203
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• 2003

Background: Dental hygienists are at risk of acquiring infections through exposure to infectious agents. This study explores the frequency of exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional survey to examine the exposure to infectious agents and infection control practices among dental hygienists through questionnaire. Data were obtained from 124 dental hygienists attending educational conferences. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors that effect infection control practices in relation to age, completion of infection control education, recognition of their own serum hepatitis Ag/Ab status, the number of one day patients, location of clinics, type of clinics, and career years. Result: Of the 124 dental hygienists, 91.7% were exposed to at least one accident such as needle stick injuries during their practices periods. The health screening coverage rate in dental hygienists was 16.5%. The number of one day patients and career years were important in relation to infection control practices among dental hygienists. The adjusted odds ratio estimates for career years were 5.049 times greater(95% Cl 1.238-20.597) for groups with over 4 career years than under 2 career years. That for the number of one day patients were 0.261(95% Cl 0.071-0.955) lower for through 20 up to 30 patients, 0.531(95% Cl 0.102-2.78) lower for through 30 up to 40 patients and 0.498(95% Cl 0.123-2.017) lower for more than 40 patients than under 20 patients. Conclusion: From these results, prevalence of infection control practices among dental hygienists is related to the number of one day patients and career years. Prevention of cross infection and reduction of future transmission should be a priority to dental hygienists for promotion of infection control and further efforts to educate newcomers on infection prevention should be made.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6602-6609
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• 2013

This study is expected to provide background data for establishing mitigation measures for malodor and for comparing complex odor criteria. The impact of malodor at the afflicted locations was analyzed using Industrial Source Complex Short Term 3 (ISCST3) model, which was recommended by the EPA. The Odor Emission Rates (ODR) for piglets and hogs were predicted based on the average, minimum, and maximum emission rates as classification. The forecasting result of the complex odor modelling of pigsty showed that tolerance limit was exceeded at an adjacent administration building, but tolerance limit was not surpassed at an afflicted location which was within 185m from the pigsty. The ISCST3 modelling of the satisfactory ODR for tolerance limit was accomplished at the administration building. From the prediction of this modelling, maximum emission rates based on 1hr at administration building were 10.59~52.93, 19.05~31.76, and 10.59 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$ at emission rates of 50%, 30%, and 10%. This emission rate was slightly higher than the tolerance limit of 10.00 $OU/m^3/s/m^2$. However, it was inferred that the tolerance limit could be satisfied if the emission rate of 10% was controlled.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.744-747
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• 2000

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of the epidermoid tumor of posterior fossa and to assess the surgical outcome. Methods : We reviewed the clinicoradiological records of 10 epidermoid tumor of posterior fossa, treated surgically at our hospital between 1991 and 1996. Results : The mean age of onset was 36 years old and mean duration of symptom was 5.2 years. Six were men and four were women. The location of tumors were cerebellopontine angle(CPA) 5 cases, cerebellum(Cbll)& 4th ventricle 3 cases, foramen magnum 1 case, and pineal region extended to Cbll and 4th ventricle 1 case. Common clinical features were trigeminal neuralgia in 3 cases, cerebellar signs 2 case, headache 2 cases, hemifacial spasm with deafness 1 case, cbll signs and multiple cranial nerve dysfunctions 1 case. One CPA epidermoid had no clinical symptom and sign associated with the tumor. The surgical approaches were suboccipital approach in 9 cases and one transcallosal approach to the tumor of pineal region. The extent of surgical removal was gross total resection in 5 cases and near total or subtotal resection in 5. Two patients with CPA tumor were complicated with facial paresis. One patient with tumor located in cerebellum extended into cisterna magna had postoperative vocal cord paresis. All complicated cases had severe adhesion of tumor capsule with brainstem or cranial nerve. The mean duration of follow up was 26 months. The overall outcome was improvement of symptoms and signs in 6 cases and stationary 4 cases. During follow up, imaging study was done in 7 patients and none of them had finding of tumor recurrence. Conclusion : We conclude that recurrence of tumor is rare in both total and subtotal resected cases, but long-term follow-up is required. Aggressive removal of tumor capsule that adhesed to brianstem or cranial nerve is avoided for preventing severe postoperative complication.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.746-758
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• 2006

Many objects existing on wide area environments have the replication characteristics according to how to categorize using their own names or properties. From the clients' requests, the existing naming and trading services have not supported with the binding service for replicated solver object with the same service type. For this reason, we present an integrated model that can support the selection of replicated object and dynamic binding services on wide-area computing environments. This model suggests provides not only location management of replicated objects but also active binding service which enables to select a least-loaded object on the system to keep the balance of load between systems. In this purpose, constructing both the service plan and model for support solver object's binding with replication property on wide area computing environments has been researched. In this paper, we showed the test environment and analyzed the performance evaluation of client/server binding procedures via integrated binding service in federation model and verified our model under the condition to see whether load balance can be applied to our model. For the performance evaluation of suggested wide area integrated binding service federation model, evaluated the integrated binding service of each domain and analyzed the performance evaluation of process for non-replication object's under federation model environment. Also, we analyzed the performance evaluation of the federation model between domains for wide area environment. From the execution results, we showed the federation model provides lowers search-cost on the physical tree structure of network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.104-119
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• 2006

The eastern rear business complex of the Gwangyang Harbor (second stage) has undergone the 'alternative bid' process by which a construction company is selected based on their suggestions for an alternative plan and the bid for the construction expenses is based on the previously completed original plan, thereby implicitly accepting the arrangement and scale of the park which was presented in the original plan. It is possible, however, that the concept and plan of each park needs to be approached in a new way within the extent of given design guidelines. This study focuses on the alternative plan process and the Symbol Park (the second neighborhood park) and Waterfront Park (the third neighborhood park) among the five neighborhood parks in the eastern rear business complex (second stage). These two parks provide scale and function for the structure of the park and greenways system at the eastern rear complex. The neighboring waterway is a significant resource for emphasizing the pre-development features of the site. The alternative plan process focuses on determining the resources for the park's plan based on the environmental analyses of the site and utilizing the results. That is, through an analysis of the current state, all available resources are determined and the facilities and activities are derived based on these results. By this, Symbol Park and Waterfront Park reflect the regional features of the eastern rear complex, and these parks will feasibly perform the role of the region's key parte. The limit of this study is the fact that there is no chance for landscape architecture to actively play a role in the creation of the master plan, land utilization plan, and plan for the complex. Therefore there is a problem that the function scale and location of the park are not distributed appropriately in the rear complex. Also the plan for protecting the waterway's shore, a significant resource, only considers the structural stability of the engineering works, degrading the visual and ecological quality. These experiences will be used as a case for further designing the industrial complex and for the resulting park plan.