• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.76-79
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• 2000

Polymeric composites exhibit highly nonlinear and rate dependent behavior during loading and unloading in off-axis directions. The equilibrium state of stress during loading is lower than the state of stress produced at finite strain rates. The amount of stress relaxation during loading decreases. Interestingly, however, the stress goes up to reach to the equilibrium state of stress for a fixed displacement during unloading. The unloading behavior is quite similar to the loading behavior. The stress relaxation patterns during loading and unloading is also similar, and those depend on the fiber orientation angles and the loading and unloading rates. The AS4/PEEK thermoplastic composite is used to characterize the relaxation behavior for different off-axis angles and loading rates. There exists a transient loading region at the beginning of unloading. The effective stress and effective plastic strain concept is used to establish a master curve of stress recovery pattern for different off-axis angles and unloading rates.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2005

Pick-up/delivery of consumer goods to offices, shops, and restaurants in order to support urban lives is one of the most vital activities in a city. With economic growth and technological innovation, a greater variety of goods have come to be supplied, and pick-up/delivery of consumer goods has become more complex. Efficient urban goods movement in Central Business District(CBD} starts with an efficient system for loading/unloading, and pick-up/delivery activities. Loading/unloading activity may be carried out on-street, or on especially designated space inside or outside buildings. Therefore, purpose of this study is to clarity the efficient urban goods movement in CBD(also called the pick-up/delivery activity) from the three different types of loading/unloading facilities. For this purpose, the differences in loading/unloading and truck-trip activity time of each loading/unloading facility was compared by performing the simulation analysis.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1998년도 추계학술대회논문집:21세기에 대비한 지능형 통합항만관리
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• pp.167-174
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• 1998

Recently several researches of high speed container ship and loading system are mainly accomplished in U.S.A. and Japan. Its shipping service is not realized but it is realized in near future. To effective use of the feature and efficiency of them, quay, loading/unloading. yard operation system, port management system and connection transport system must be well integrated and operated. Specially, loading /unloading speed of container crane is important for making effective use of them. To speed up loading/unloading system, RO-RO and LO-LO methods that are mostly exclusive system are studied on the container crane with special structure and mechanism to handle individual container or bundle of containers. In this paper these methods are shown. When new high speed loading system of container is desighed, the realistic constrains must be considered.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 2006

We analyzed the questionnaire survey for the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments and the possibility of TPM(Total Productive Maintenance) application. Results of the survey indicated that the current maintenance of Incheon port's loading and unloading equipments was not good. So we suggest TPM as the future maintenance methodology of equipments. Using TPM to the loading and unloading equipments we will expect to improve the productivity of the loading and unloading operation and to increase the life time of equipment. And also it will raise the safety of Incheon port.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2024

Background: CAPSS missing evaporate emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from liquid cargo loading and unloading at ports. It needs to be supplemented to improve air quality management and allow more effective policy formulation. Objectives: In this study, the VOC emissions from the loading and unloading of liquid cargo at ports, which are not included in CAPSS, were estimated. The results of this study were compared and analyzed with the emission levels as described by CAPSS, confirming the need for managing VOC emissions from the loading and unloading of liquid cargo. Methods: Methodology provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was applied to estimate the VOC emissions from the loading and unloading of liquid cargo at ports. The types of liquid cargo loaded at unloaded at ports are diverse, but for this study emissions were estimated for 37 VOCs designated by the Ministry of Environment. Results: The estimated results for VOC emissions from liquid cargo loading and unloading at domestic ports was 112,079 tons/yr, which was confirmed to be 11% of the known CAPSS emissions. The highest emissions were found from the loading and unloading of naptha, and the port with the highest emissions was Ulsan Port. Conclusions: The results of the estimated VOC emissions from liquid cargo loading and unloading at ports confirmed the high emission levels. To protect the health of port workers and nearby residents, it is essential to manage the emission sources and undertake continuous research.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.23-47
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• 2007

인천항 항만하역장비에 대한 현재의 장비보전활동상황을 점검하여 장비생산성에 얼마나 영향을 주는지 설문을 실시하여 분석하고 방안을 제시하였다. 장비보전활동의 향상을 통하여 장비생산성을 높이는 방안의 하나로 TPM 기법의 적용을 제시하였다. 설문은 현재의 인천항 항만하역장비와 관련된 운영, 정비 및 운전자들을 선정 실시하였고, 내용은 장비보전활동의 구성요소를 중심으로 자주보전 계획보전활동, 개별개선활동, 교육 훈련활동, 장비관리활동, 조직 인적관리 활동 및 장비생산성으로 구성하였다. 장비생산성에 대한 연구모형과 가설을 만들어 컴퓨터패키지를 통하여 구조모형의 검증과 연구가설을 검증하였다. 연구가설의 검증결과에 의하면 장비생산성에 장비관리가 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있으나 조직 및 인적관리가 장비생산성에 긍정적인 영향을 주지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 인천항의 장비생산성을 향상시킬 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 TPM 기법의 적용을 제안하며, TPM 실시시 장비관리활동의 강화와 조직 및 인적관리가 장비생산성에 영향을 미칠 수 있도록 하는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것으로 본다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

We applied the TPM to loading and unloading equipments of Incheon port and compared with the current maintenance of Incheon port's equipments. Also we analyzed the death disaster causes of equipments and work tools and suggested TPM techniques as a plan of disaster prevention. Using TPM to the loading and unloading equipments we expect to obtain the breakdown zero, defective zero, and disaster zero. And then it should raise the productivity of harbor loading and unloading equipments.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.372-377
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• 2002

Residual stress by welding should be reduced because that decreases the reliability on strength of welded structure. The reason is that the total stiffness of structure decreases by non-linear behavior of weldment under external load. The release of residual stress by mechanical loading and unloading is often performed in the fabrication of box structure for steel bridge. The proper degree of loading and unloading is significant at release method of residual stress by mechanical loading because that degree is changed by material and geometric shape of welded structure. Therefore, the simulation model that could exactly analyze the release of residual stress by mechanical loading is to be necessary. This simulation model should be established on the based of variable and accurate measurement data. In this study, the non-linear behavior of weldments under external loading and unloading, such as the decrease and increase of structure stiffness, was investigated by monitoring of nominal stress and strain. Tensile loading and unloading test under variable load was performed and the proper degree of stress relaxation was measured by sectioning technique using strain gauge.

• International Journal of Korean Welding Society
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2002

Residual stress by welding should be reduced because that decreases the reliability on strength of welded structure. The reason is that the total stiffness of structure decreases by non-linear behavior of weldment under external load. The release of residual stress by mechanical loading and unloading is often performed in the fabrication of box structure for steel bridge. The proper degree of loading and unloading is significant at release method of residual stress by mechanical loading because that degree is changed by material and geometric shape of welded structure. Therefore, the simulation model that could exactly analyze the release of residual stress by mechanical loading is to be necessary. This simulation model should be established on the based of variable and accurate measurement data. In this study, the non-linear behavior of weldments under external loading and unloading, such as the decrease and increase of structure stiffness, was investigated by monitoring of nominal stress and strain. Tensile loading and unloading test under variable load was performed and the proper degree of stress relaxation was measured by sectioning technique using strain gauge.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.419-423
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• 2005

In microfactory, loading/unloading mechanism supply the row material to processing machines for manufacturing process such as pressing, cutting, plastic deformation. This mechanism for rnicrofactory is designed as modularity robot. Microfactory system have to be flexible structure for variety product item. For system flexibility, applied mechanisms are developed as moduality. Robot moduality needs the specific characteristics which are different from one of macro, typical robot system. In this paper, we discussed about the modularity robot. and proposed the loading/unloading mechanism for working in microfactory system.